carbon
DESCRIPTION
CARBON. ATOMIC NUMBER: 6 ATOMIC MASS: 12.01 ATOMIC SYMBOL: C CLASSIFICATION: NON-METALLIC COLOR: BLACK, COLORLESS. FUN, FAST FACTS. ATOMIC STRUCTURE. HISTORY OF CARBON. THIS ELEMENT OF PREHISTORIC DISCOVERY IS FOUND THROUGHOUT NATURE FOUND IN STARS, SUN, COMETS, ATOMSPHERES - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CARBON
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FUN, FAST FACTS ATOMIC NUMBER: 6
ATOMIC MASS: 12.01
ATOMIC SYMBOL: CCLASSIFICATION:
NON-METALLICCOLOR: BLACK,
COLORLESS
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ATOMIC STRUCTURE
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HISTORY OF CARBON THIS ELEMENT OF PREHISTORIC
DISCOVERY IS FOUND THROUGHOUT NATURE
FOUND IN STARS, SUN, COMETS, ATOMSPHERES
THE ENERGY OF THE SUN AND THE STARS CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE CARBON CYCLE
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3 TYPES OF CARBON CARBON CAN BE
FOUND IN THREE DIFFERENT FORMS:– GRAPHITE– DIAMONDS– FULLERENE (aka
BUCKYBALLS)
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CARBON AS GRAPHITE
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GREAT GRAPHITELAYERED ATOMIC STRUCTURE-
THERFORE PRODUCES A WEAK FORCE, AND IS EXTREMELY BREAKABLE
SOFT, SLIPPERYMOST COMMONLY USED AS PENCIL
LEAD
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CARBON DIAMONDS
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DIAMOND DATADIAMONDS HAVE AN ATOMIC SHAPE
THAT ENSURES A TIGHT BONDEACH CARBON ATOM IS THE SAME
DISTANCE FROM ANOTHER ATOMDIAMONDS ARE USED FOR CUTTING
HARD OBJECTS AND FOR DECORATION (JEWELERY)
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FULLERENE-ALSO KNOWN AS
THE ‘BUCKYBALL”-RECENTLY
DISCOVERED-CONSISTS OF 60
CARBON ATOMS-C60
-STILL BEING RESEARCHED
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“BUCKYBALL” THIS COMPLEX MOLECULE CAN BE ALTERED
WITH A SINGLE ATOM TO CHANGE ITS PROPERTIES
NAMED AFTER ROBERT BUCKMINISTER FULLER
THIS MOLECULE HAS BEEN MAKING HEADLINES IN NANOTECHNOLOGY AND HOW THE DRUG INDUSTRY HAS INTEREST IN IT
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COSTS OF CARBON
-AS OF 1990, CARBON-13 WAS COMMERICIALLY AVAILABLE AT A COST OF ABOUT $700/GRAM.
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CARBON CYCLE
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CARBON IN THE LITHOSPHERE PLANTS ABSORB
CARBON DIOXIDE FROM ATMOSPHERE, AND USE IT TO MAKE SUBSTANCES NEEDED FOR GROWTH
PHOTOSYNTHESIS INCORPORATES CARBON ATOMS FROM C02 TO SUGARS
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LITHOSPHERE CONT. ANIMALS (RABBIT) EAT PLANTS AND USE
CARBON TO BUILD TISSUES OTHER ANIMALS (FOX) EAT RABBIT AND
USE CARBON FOR OWN NEEDS ANIMALS RETURN C02 INTO AIR WHEN
THEY BREATHE, AND WHEN THEY DIE (BECAUSE CARBON IS RETURED TO SOIL DURING DECOMPOSITION)
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CARBON IN THE HYDROSPHERE C02 ABSORBED INTO
BODIES OF H20 SOME OF DISSOLVED
C02 REMAINS IN WATER WHILE SOME IS USED BY ALGAE AND PHYTOPLANKTON THROUGH PHOTOSYNTHESIS
MOLLUSCS (MUSSELS, CLAMS AND OYSTERS) MAKE SHELLS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE FROM C02
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HYDROSPHERE CONTINUEDONCE MUSSLES DIE, SHELLS FALL
TO BOTTOM WITH HARD CALCIUM CARBONATE AND BECOMES COMPRESSED, CEMENTED TOGETHER, AND EVENTUALLY FOSSILISED INTO ROCKS LIKE CHALK, LIMESTONE, AND MARBLE
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CARBON IN THE ATMOSPHERE COMBUSTION
OCCURS WHEN ORGANIC MATERIAL IS REACTED (BURNED) IN PRESENCE OF OXYGEN TO GIVE OFF C02
-DURING CONBUSTION, OXYGEN IS USED AND CABON DIOXIDE IS PRODUCED PLUS WATER
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SMOKESTACK ORGANIC
MATERIAL CAN BE ANY FOSSIL FUEL SUCH AS NATURAL GAS, (METHANE) OIL, OR COAL
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PHOTOSYNTHESISCARBON
DIOXIDE+ WATER
(h20) -> CARBOHYDRATE+ OXYGEN
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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RESPIRATIONCARBOHYDRATE + OXYGEN-> CARBON DIOXIDE + OXYGEN
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CALCIUM CARBONATE
CALCIUM CARBONATE-> CALCIUM OXIDE + CARBON DIOXIDE
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OIL AND COAL WHEN TREES DIE,
THEY FALL INTO SWAMPY MUD, WITH A LACK OF OXYGEN. THEREFORE, NORMAL DECOMPOSITION CANNOT OCCUR
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OIL AND COAL II TREES BECOME
FOSSILISED (COAL IS THEN FORMED)
OIL FORMS FROM TINY DEAD PLANTS TRAPPED AT THE BOTTOM OF THE OCEAN OR MURKY WATER
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RELATE COAL TO CARBON THE PROCESS IN WHICH OIL AND
COAL ARE MADE, IS RELATIVE TO THE CARBON CYCLE BECAUSE ALL LIVING ORGANISMS AND THE PROCESSES ARE MADE UP OF CARBON
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RECAP OF CYCLES
HYDROSPHERE, LITHOSPHERE, AND ATMOSPHERE AGAIN!
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CARBON CYCLE, AS EASY AS 1, 2, 3…
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COMPLEX CARBON CYCLE
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WHERE THE CYCLE BEGINS… THE ATMOSPHERE CONTAINS CARBON
DIOXIDE THROUGH THE PROCESS OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, PLANTS TAKE IN CARBON, CONTINUING THE CYCLE IN THE LITHOSPHERE
WHEN PHOTOSYNTHESIS EXCEEDS RESPIRATION, ORGANIC MATTER BUILDS UP TO FORM COAL AND OIL DEPOSITS
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“The major exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the
lithosphere results from photosynthesis and
respiration”
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CARBON AND RESPIRATION RESPIRATION IS PART OF THE PROCESS
OF THE CARBON CYCLE IN THE LITHOSPHERE
ONCE ANIMALS BREAK DOWN CARBOHYDRATES IN PLANT TISSUES, THEY RELEASE IT TO THE ATMOSPHERE (THE CYCLE THEN CONINUES BACK TO THE LITHOSPHERE OR GOES TO THE HYDROSPHERE)
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CARBON AND RESPIRATION CONTINUED
WHEN ANIMALS RELEASE CARBON DIOXIDE TO THE ATMOSPHERE, THEY DECOMPOSE, DECAY, AND FROM POOLS OF ENERGY CALLED FOSSIL FULES (INCLUDING COAL, OIL, AND NATURAL GASES)
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CARBON IN THE HYDROSPHERE
CARBON IS ABSORBED IN THE WATER BY PHYTOPLANKTON TO MAKE SHELL OF CALCIUM CARBONATE AND BECOME SEDIMENTS ONCE THEY DIE
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CARBON IN HYDROSPHERE CONT.
CARBON DIOXIDE EXCHANGE IS CONTROLLED BY THE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, CIRCULATING CURRENTS, AND THE BIOLOGICAL PROCESS OF PHYTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION
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MORE CARBON IN HYDROSPHERE CARBON DIOXIDE CAN DISSOVLE EASILY
AND THE AMOUNT THAT THE OCEAN CAN HOLD DEPENDS ON THE OCEAN TEMPERATURE AND HOW MUCH CARBON IS ALREADY IN THE OCEAN
WHEN THE OCEAN IN COLD, MORE CARBON IS ARBORBED, AND WHEN THE TEMP. IS WARM, CO2 IS RELEASED TO THE SURFACE
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THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
CARBON DIOXIDE CONTRIBUTES
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THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
KEEPS ALL EARHT’S HEAT FROM ESCAPING TO THE OUTER ATMOPSHERE
CARBON RESPONSIBLE FOR GREENHOUSE GASES AND 55% OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
CARBON DIOXIDE IS TRANSPARENT TO LIGHT BUT OPAQUE TO HEAT RAYS, THEREFORE THE ATMOSPHERE RETARDS THE RAIATION OF HEAT FROM THE EARTH BACK INTO SPACE
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GREENHOUSE EFFECT
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BIBLIOGRAPHY PICTURE RESOURCES:
– www.pmel.noaa.gov/ co2/gif/globcar.png – www.safeclimate.net/. ../carboncycle.php – geosun1.sjsu.edu/ ~dreed/105/exped7/4.html – www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/ carbon/efcarbon.html – www.webelements.com/.../ text/C/xtal.html – www.netl.doe.gov/.../ carbon-flux-diagram– www.mkdandj.com/ loosediamonds/
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CONTINUED 13 September 2004.
http://library.thinkquest.org/11226/why.htm. 13 September 2004. www.co2science.org/ 13 September 2004.
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/library/carboncycle 13 September 2004.
www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/306carbon.html 17 September 2004.
www.nyu.edu/pages/mathmol/modules/carbon/carbon1.html
17 September 2004. pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/elements/6.html
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EVEN MORE!!!!!!! 17 September 2004.
www.environment.allinfoabout.com/carbon.html
19 September 2004. www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/climate/gccarbon1.html