carboeurope update of synthesis of continental carbon fluxes dourdan carboocean 2008 meeting

Carboeurope

Update of synthesis of continental carbon fluxes

QuickTime™ et undécompresseur TIFF (non compressé)sont requis pour visionner cette image.

Dourdan carboocean2008 meeting

QuickTime™ et undécompresseur TIFF (non compressé)

sont requis pour visionner cette image.

Carboeurope synthesis top-down / bottom upBalance-final

Area (Million km2)

NBP (Tg C yr-1)

Standard deviation NBP (TgG C yr-1)

NBP (Tg C yr-1)

Coeff.of variance (%) or range (Tg C yr-1)

Area (Million km2)

NBP (Tg C yr-1)

Coeff.of variance (%) or range (Tg C yr-1)

Top-downNet atm. Flux -1665 -1272 -1160 to -1477 -947 -940 to -1160Fossil fuels -1870 -1600 - -1060

Trade balance 20 17 to 23 24 21 to 27Top-down CO2

balance 205 630 to -180 328 113Non-CO2 C-gases -76 -38 to -114 -32 -16 to -48

Top-down terrestrial C balance 252 419 to 11 81 125 to -139

Bottom-upforest biomass 157 30% 80 30%

Forest soil 3,39 363 159 47 47% 1,45 29 35%Other wooded land 0,50 14 7 16 45% 0,16 5 60%

Grassland 1,51 101 133 85 135% 0,57 32 135%Cropland 3,26 -300 186 -33 95% 1,08 -11 95%

Undisturbed peat 0,39 13 7 7 1.7 to 17 0,09 3 90%Drained peat 0,16 -30 15 -24 -20 to -42 0,15 -13 90%

Extracted Peat -50 10 -50 10% -7 20%Land use change 60 50% 20 50%

Products and landfills 24 12 24 50% 3 50%Bottom-up CO2

balance 9,21 135 420 to -150 288 66% 3,50 141 66%

CH4-agriculture* -38 -28CH4-industry* -103 -46

Bottom-upterrestrial surface

sink (excl.N2O) 147 49% 67 40%

N2O agriculture* -87 -70N2O industry* -16 -12

Bottom-up terrestrial surface sink (inc.

N2O) 44 98% -15 62%Average (top-down +

bottom-up)/2 (exc.N2O) 200 74

* Russian Federation corrected for Siberia,

25% of area is in European Russia

Continental Europe EU-25

Continental Europe by CarboEurope-IP EU-25

Janssens et al. 2003continental Europe

River fluxes of C of atm origin not counted (NBP or old pools ?)

Coastal seas (Ciais et al. 2008 after Borges et al. 68 TgC sink for European coastal seas)

Ocean - land Northern hemisphere budget


sont requis pour visionner cette image.70% of the land sink is

in the Northern Hemisphere



More than 70% of the northern land C sink is in forest

Now we have too much land NH uptakeWe need ocean regional C budgets !

Stephens et al. new inversions 1.5 ± 0.6 total NH sink

Total NH land

2 Pg C y-1

ICOSIntegrated Carbon Observing System

Dourdan carboocean2008 meeting



Objectives of ICOS

• Establish an integrated long-term research infrastructure to understand the biogeochemical cycles of greenhouse gases

• Determine regional fluxes from observations and attribute them to processes (≈10 km each day)

• To enable early detection of surprises

• Provide regional budget information for policy support

• Provide access and services for data and flux products

Objectives

Atmospheric, Ocean and Ecosystem Observations constrain regional fluxes

AtmosphericConcentration Network

Surface Flux dataCarbon pools inventories

Operational informationsystem

Regional fluxes

Long-term observations open new ways to understand the changing carbon cycle

Science, 2003

Nature, 2005

Nature, 2000

Science, 2000

Example, the 2003 heatwave impact on Europe‘s carbon balance

The knowledge challenge

A loss of carbon equivalent to six months of fossil fuel consumption [Ciais et al. Nature, 2005]

Long-term observations help reduce uncertainties of climate-

carbon future projections

Same economic emission scenario[IPCC report, 2007]

Carbon cycle uncertainties Climate uncertainties

QuickTime™ et undécompresseur TIFF (LZW)


Implementation

Construction2010-2012

R&D , design studies2001-2008

Operational phase> 2012

Carboeurope-IPOther research projectsNational networks

Month 30 :Demonstrationwith few sites

Month 24: Select atmospheric and ecosystem sensors

Month 36 : Draft of legal status & governance

Month 48: Final network assessment stations Implementation Plan

Month 24 Decision on locations of:Central facilities

Month 36: Expenditure and ressource plan

Month 12 : User survey and requirement, data providers, data handling strategy

Preparation2008-2011

Implementation

Previous steps

• ESFRI European Roadmap (2006)• Preparatory Phase program (2008-2011)

– Atmospheric station prototype– Ecosystem station protoytype– Network design– Central facilities design / prototypes– Demonstration experiment– Legal organization and governance– Countries engagement– Ocean component ?

Progress• Active network of National Focal Points• First Meeting with stakeholders (May, 2008)

– Presentation of the project– National cost estimates– First version of network geometry

• Countries Engagement– Proposal submitted in NL– Early engagement in FR– Positive signs in other countries

• Network design– Concept of Level-1 and Level-2 sites established– First idea of network geometry

• Atmospheric instruments testing (Sep, 2008)• Ecosystem parameters/sensors cost estimate (Apr, 2008)• Legal organisation first steps (Sep, 2008)

– Consultations have started– ERI model being analyzed

The ICOS elements

Ecosystem Thematic

Centre

Coordination Office

Carbon Portal

ICOS Stakeholders ICOS Central facilities

Quality controlTrainingSensors developt

Atmospheric stations

CalibrationSampleanalysis

Greenhouse fluxesAssessments

International programs IPCC, WMO, GEOSS

Global Networks GEOSS

Data from connex projectsAnd international networks

Ocean Thematic

Centre

Oceanships

and stations

Ecosystemstations

Central Analytical Laboratory

Atmospheric Thematic

Centre

Ocean implementation

plan being defined

Strategy into ICOS:

• Reduce the cost and increase the accuracy

• Harmonized protocols• All air samples analyzed

in same place• 14C measurements• Standard equipment• Central data processing

Carboocean andCarboeurope atmospheric network

The denseEuropean network …

… has high‚biodiversity‘

Present status

The NOAA/CMDL US networkPresent status

Error reduction on June-to-August fluxes using atmospheric data

Small network (FP-5) Larger network (FP-7)

The ICOS elements: ecosystems

Ecosystem Thematic

Centre

Coordination Office

Carbon Portal

ICOS Stakeholders ICOS Central facilities

Quality controlTrainingSensors developt

Atmospheric stations

Greenhouse fluxesAssessments

International programs IPCC, WMO, GEOSS

Global Networks GEOSS

Data from connex projectsAnd international networks

Ocean Thematic

Centre

Oceanships

and stations

Ecosystemstations

Central Analytical Laboratory

Atmospheric Thematic

Centre

Building a European leadership in the global flux tower network

• Sites in regions of interest to Europe : Africa, Siberia• Collaborations with other countries• The US network AMERIFLUX is moving to operational infrastructure

(NEON)



Ecosystems Atmosphere

ICOS network 2015, the vision



Ocean : observation plan A. Watson, 2008

Central analytical laboratories

• Central high-precision gas analysis laboratory reduces „bias“

• Air samples analysis for the whole network

• Provides standards that are essential for abslute calibration of the network

• Radiocarbon central facility, provides high-precision atmospheric 14C analyses for the whole ICOS network

• Ring tests globally

Elements

QuickTime™ et undécompresseur TIFF (LZW)


Thematic centers• Coordination of data

gathering activities

• Online data processing and QC

• Technical and logistical assistance to the network

• New sensors development and testing

• Atmosphere, land and ocean complementary thematic centers

• Mirror of GMES strategy

ICOS Data Centre (Carbon Portal)• One-stop-shop for GHG data

– User interface– Open access policy

• Ecosystem data– Near real time products– Multi-data visualization interface– Tools for cross sites analysis

• Atmospheric data– Near real time data products– Long term products– Quick look tools

• Ancillary data– Fossil fuel emission maps– Biomass and soil C inventories– Remote sensing– Process studies

• Flux products– Routine flux diagnostics– Trend analysis– Outreach and Policy information

www.icos-infrastructure.eu

Example of flux products



ICOS Governance



Financial engineering

Cost estimate = a 10th of a permil of the natural ‘subsidy’

The ICOS Ocean component

Ocean implementation

plan being defined



Variables and precision requirementsInstrumentsGroups that will be involvedData architecture and managementData center(s)Governance and funding

Expected uncertainty reductionprovided by OCOfor the estimation of CO2 fluxes1-sig(post)/sig(prior)Chevallier et al., 2007

Forthcoming satellite instruments

NASA OCO

Satellite0 - ~ 100km

10

1

0.01

0.1

Free Troposphere

Stratosphere

Boundary layer

Tall tower (~500m)

Aircraft(0-20km)

Linking surface networks to upper air and space observations

100

alti

tud

e (k

m)

Surface air sampling

OCOGOSAT

CO2

column densityfrom

space & ground

FTIR : GEOMON + IMECC

carboeurope update of synthesis of continental carbon fluxes dourdan carboocean 2008 meeting

Documents

km2nbp tg c yr

range tg c yr

northern land c sink

upriver fluxes of c

land sink

terrestrial c balance252419

ocean regional c budgets

nonco2 cgases