capca nursery /greenhouse seminar june 7, 2000 carlsbad, ca
TRANSCRIPT
CAPCA
Nursery/Greenhouse Seminar
June 7, 2000
Carlsbad, CA
RIFA Insecticides: Surface Water Runoff Prevention and Mitigation
Kean S. Goh, Dave Kim, Johanna Walters
Department of Pesticide Regulation
830 K Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
Outline
• Introduction
• Insecticides
• Regulatory Issues
• Monitoring
• Mitigation Measures
• Summary
Introduction
• RIFA treatments
• Surface-water runoff potential
• Aquatic toxicity
InsecticidesRIFA
• Bifenthrin (Talstar®)
• Diazinon
• Chlorpyrifos (Dursban®, Lorsban®)
• Fenoxycarb (Award®)
• Hydramethylnon (Amdro Pro®)
• Pyriproxyfen (Distance®)
Insecticideother OPs
• Dimethoate
• Fonofos
• Malathion
• Methidathion
• Methyl parathion
• Phosmet
InsecticidePhysico-Chemical Properties
Pesticides Sol. Koc FD
Bifenthrin 0.1 230,000 144
Chlorpyrifos 1.4 13,000 120
Diazinon 60 1,600 10
Fenoxycarb 5.7 1,500 25
Hydramethylnon 0.2 210,000 28
Pyriproxyfen 0.4 16,000 35
Water Solubility (ppm)
0102030405060
Ab
am
ecti
n
Bif
en
thrin
Ch
lorp
yrif
os
Dia
zin
on
Fen
ox
yca
rb
Hy
dra
meth
yln
on
Py
rip
ro
xy
fen
Soil Adsorption Coefficient
0
50
100
150
200
250
Bif
enth
rin
Chl
orp
yrif
os
Dia
zino
n
Fen
oxyc
arb
Hyd
ram
ethy
lnon
Pyr
ipro
xyfe
n
Field Dissipation Half-Life (Days)
020406080
100120140160
Ab
am
ecti
n
Bif
enth
rin
Ch
lorp
yri
fos
Dia
zin
on
Fen
ox
yca
rb
Hy
dra
met
hy
lno
n
Py
rip
rox
yfe
n
InsecticideAquatic Toxicity (LC50)
Pesticide R. Trout (ppb) D.Magna (ppb)
Bifenthrin 0.15 0.16
Chlorpyrifos 3 1.7
Diazinon 2600 0.96
Fenoxycarb 1600 400
Hydramethylnon 160 1140
Pyriproxyfen 325 400
Aquatic Toxicity
00.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.61.8
Ab
amec
tin
Bif
enth
rin
Ch
lorp
yrif
os
Dia
zin
on
Fen
oxyc
arb
Hyd
ram
eth
yln
on
Pyr
ipro
xyfe
n
R. Trout D. magna
RegulationFederal Clean Water Act
• Impaired water bodies – 303 (d) list.– Physical, chemical, biological
– Sediment, metals, pesticides, pathogens, nutrients, toxic organics, toxicity, salinity, other
– Calif 509 bodies listed (1998)
RegulationTMDL Process
Total Maximum Daily Load
Regional Water Quality Control Board
Diazinon and Chlorpyrifos • SF – urban creeks (diazinon)• CC- Pajaro R, Watsonville Slough• CV-Sac/SJR Delta• SA- Newport Bay• SD- Chollas Cr./SD Bay (diazinon)
Offsite Movements
• Spray drift – primary, secondary
• Runoff – dissolved in water
– adsorbed to soil particles and organic materials
Monitoring
• Insecticide Concentration
• Toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia
• Urban vs. Nurseries
Jun-99
Jul-99
Aug-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Nov-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
bife
nthr
in
diaz
inon
fono
fos
m. p
arat
hion
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
pp
b)
Bee Canyon Drain
bifenthrin
chlorpyrifos
diazinon
dimethoate
fonofos
malathion
m. parathion
Bee Canyon Drain
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Jun-99 Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00
Month
Con
cent
rati
on (
ppb)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Mor
talit
y of
C
. dub
ia (
%)
m. parathion
malathion
fonofos
diazinon
chlorpyrifos
bifenthrin
% mortality
May-99
Jun-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
Central Irvine/Hines Channel
bifenthrin
chlorpyrifos
diazinon
dimethoate
malathion
m. parathion
Central Irvine/ Hines Channel
0
1
2
3
4
5
May-99 Jun-99 Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00
Month
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Mor
talit
y of
C
. dub
ia (%
)
m. parathion
malathion
fonofos
dimethoate
diazinon
chlorpyrifos
bifenthrin
% mortality
San Diego Creek
0
1
2
Mar-99
Apr-99
May-99
Jun-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
chlorpyrifos
diazinon
dimethoate
fonofos
malathion
San Diego Creek
0
1
2
Mar-99
Apr-99
May-99
Jun-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
0102030405060708090100
Mor
talit
y of
C.
dub
ia (%
) malathion
fonofos
dimethoate
diazinon
chlorpyrifos
% mortality
Bonita Creek
0
1
2
3
Sep-99 Oct-99 Nov-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
diazinon
malathion
Bonita Creek
0
1
2
Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Mor
talit
y of
C
. dub
ia (%
)
malathion
diazinon
% mortality
Bolsa Chica Channel
0
1
2
3
Apr-99 May-99 Jun-99 Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00
Month
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
diazinon
dimethoate
malathion
Bolsa Chica Channel
0
1
2
3
Apr-99 May-99 Jun-99 Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00
Month
Con
cent
rati
on (
ppb)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Mor
talit
y of
C
. dub
ia (
%)
malathion
dimethoate
diazinon
%mortality
Oso Creek
0
1
2
Mar-99
Mar-99
Apr-99
Apr-99
Apr-99
Apr-99
May-99
Jun-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb) bifenthrin
fenoxycarb
hydramethylnon
chlorpyrifos
diazinon
dimethoate
fonofos
malathion
Arroyo Trabuco
0
1
2
Mar-99
Mar-99
Apr-99
Apr-99
Apr-99
Apr-99
May-99
Jun-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
bifenthrin
fenoxycarb
hydramethylnon
pyriproxyfen
chlorpyrifos
diazinon
fonofos
malathion
Arroyo Trabuco
0
1
2
3
Mar-99
Mar-99
Apr-99
Apr-99
Apr-99
Apr-99
May-99
Jun-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Con
cen
trat
ion
(p
pb
)
010
2030
405060
7080
90100
Mor
tali
ty o
f C
. du
bia
(%
)
malathion
fonofosdiazinon
chlorpyrifospyriproxyfen
hydramethylnon fenoxycarb
bifenthrin% mortality
San Juan Creek
0
1
2
Apr-99
May-99
Sep-99
Oct-99 Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
chlorpyrifosdiazinonfonofosmalathion
San Juan Creek
0
1
2
Apr-99 May-99
Sep-99 Oct-99 Dec-99 Jan-00 Feb-00
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pb)
0102030405060708090100
Mor
talit
y of
C
. dub
ia (%
)
malathion
fonofos
diazinon
chlorpyrifos
% mortality
Pesticide
Environment Human
Runoff
Environment Climatic Conditions
• Rainfall – duration, amount, and intensity
– timing of rainfall after application– time to runoff after inception of rainfall
Environment Soil Characteristics
• Texture
• Organic matter content
• Moisture content
• Surface compaction and crusting
• Slope
• Aggregation
Management Practices
• Pesticide placement– soil, foliar applied, potting mix
• Erosion/runoff control• Cropping patterns • Irrigation management
– duration, amount, intensity, and timing
Runoff Prevention & Mitigation
• Runoff survey
• Insecticide selection
• Application
• Containment
• Water recovery
• Buffer strip
Runoff Site Survey
• Terrain, water flow, – proximity to water bodies
• Storage area
• Mixing & loading area
• Wash area
• Application site
Insecticide Selection
• Efficacy
• Formulation
• Physico-chemical properties
• Dose (use rate)
• Aquatic toxicity
Application
• Label– Environmental Hazards– Use Directions
• Rate• Timing
– rain & irrigation
• Precision application – Calibration
LabelEnvironmental Hazards
This pesticide is extremely toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates.
Do not apply directly to water.
Drift and run-off from treated areas may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas.
Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters.
PesticideLabel Recommendation
“Do not apply if rain is expected within 12 hours”
Containment
• Rain shelter
• Containment of spills– storage area, mixing loading, wash pad
• Containment of runoff water
• Rinsate reuse, treatment
• Tailwater pond/bioswale
Water Recovery
• Re-circulating system
• Tailwater recovery– Phytotoxicity (herbicide residues)– Microbial degradation, photodegradation– Hydrolysis – Plant & Wildlife
Buffer Strip
• Water soluble vs. adsorped
• Buffer area
• Vegetation strip – grass, cover crop
• Organic material strip
Management Agency Agreement
• Preventive (outreach and education)
• Self-regulatory (voluntary programs)
• Regulatory (DPR)
• Regulatory (Federal and Regional Boards)
Conclusions
• All RIFA insecticides were detected• Single detects: hydramethylnon,
pyriproxyfen, fenoxycarb• Nurseries: Bifenthrin, Diazinon,
Chlorpyrifos, (Malathion), (Dimethoate) <3 ppb
• Urban: Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos <1 ppb
Conclusions (continued)
• Toxicity to C. dubia
• Nursery sites: – 10 attributable to Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Bifenthrin,
Malathion, Dimethoate, Fonofos
– 1 unknown
• Urban and integrated sites:– 12 attributable to Diazinon, Malathion, Chlorpyrifos
– 24 unknown
Conclusions (continued)
Prevention & Mitigation
Application
Irrigation Management
Tailwater Recovery
Buffer Stripe
Acknowledgment • Calif. Dept. of Food & Agriculture
– Center for Analytical Chemistry – Pest Detection/Emergency Project
• Santa Ana RWQC B• State Water Resource Control Board• Dept. of Health Services• Calif. Department of Fish & Game• County Agric. Commissioners • UC Cooperative Extension• Nursery Industries
