Capacity of Urban Arterials

DECCAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Transportation Engineering {M.E}Capacity Of Urban Arterials Submitted by KARKALA SRIDHAR REDDY 160310741007 guided by Dr. MIR IQBAL FAHEEM

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING {2010-2013}CONTENTSIntroductionImportance of the studyObjectives of the studyLiterature ReviewMethodologyData Collection & AnalysisResults & DiscussionConclusionsLimitations of the study Scope of the study

IntroductionUrban roads in India are classified either on the basis of the number of lanes provided with in an undivided or divided cross section or in accordance with their functions in the total road network

An Arterial in India is a general term denoting urban street primarily for through traffic, usually on continuous route

Urban Arterials connects major urban elements such as CBD, industrial facilities, major residential areas and other key activity centers.

Urban area features are frequency of intersections, frequency of bus stops, speed regulations, road side activities, on street parking etc

Cont.Passenger Car UnitThe number of passenger cars having the same impedance effect as a vehicle of a given type under prevailing roadway, traffic and control conditions.

CapacityHCM defines capacity as the maximum hourly rate at which vehicles can reasonably be expected to traverse a point or uniform section of a lane or roadway during a given time period under prevailing roadway, traffic, and control conditions.

Most of the urban arterials are now facing congestion during some part of the day. Congestion will occur when link volume exceeds the capacity value of the link

Capacity StudiesImportance of Capacity StudiesFor evaluation of the existing road network in terms of the deficiencies by comparing measured traffic volumes to the capacity of existing facilities.

For evaluation of the effect of the proposed changes in the existing road network on the traffic carrying capacity of roads.

For designing new facilities based upon the capacity analysis for the existing as well as future projected traffic demand.

For comparison of the relative effectiveness of alternative modes of transportation in serving a particular traffic demand, based on capacity analysis.55Objectives of The Study PCU factor estimation for the selected urban arterials

Development of speed flow curves

Development of capacity values from speed flow equations.

Finding effect of lane width, effective shoulder width and road side friction on capacity.

Comparing capacity values using PCU values suggested by IRC and Dynamic PCU values

6Literature ReviewSatish Chandra. (2006)He studied capacity of multilane divided urban roads under mixed traffic conditionsData was collected at 10 sections of multilane divided urban roads He estimated that capacity of an urban road increases by approximately 9 percent for every 10 percent increase in proportion of two wheelers and the capacity of a section with side friction is approximately 12 percent lower as compared to a section with no side friction

8Data collectionCollection of preliminary dataSelection of stretches Fixing stretch lengthCollection of vehicular dimensionsCollection of field dataVolume study Speed studyTime headway studyPedestrian surveyDevelopment of Dynamic PCU factorsDevelopment of Speed-Flow curvesDetermination of CapacityIdentification of parametersEstimation of Prevailing CapacitySTUDY METHODOLOGY IDENTIFICATION OF PARAMETERScarriageway width shoulder widthroad side frictionphysical dimensions of the vehiclesclassified traffic volume and speed of the vehicles.

DATA COLLECTIONData collection will be planned in two stages. Collection of preliminary data.Collection of field data9STUDY METHODOLOGY DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSISStudy Area

The study area selected for the present study is Hyderabad City. Total Eight stretches were identified in study area. Mehdipatnam to Gachibowli corridor is one of the major arterial in the city identified for the study and six stretches are identified The corridor is a six lane divided arterial.Volume and speed was collected using video recording technique, by making a trap of 60m( centrally located along the long base).

10COLLECTION OF PRELIMINARY DATA.SURVEY LOCATION

COLLECTION OF VEHICULAR DIMENSIONSModeVehicles IncludedLength(m)Width(m)Area (m2)CarCar, Jeep4.61.77.82BusBus, Truck9.352.46233wAuto rickshaw2.751.43.852wScooter, Motor bike1.90.761.44CyclePedal cycle1.90.61.14TractorTractor Trailer6.81.8512.58

COLLECTION OF PRELIMINARY DATA.A Consolidated Traffic Volume Survey DataCOLLECTION OF FIELD DATA.Time Periodlocation2-W3-W4-WLCVTruckBusCycleTotal Vehicles1From Mehdipatnam to Tolichowki roadMorning7:30-8:301163471260915220282166Evening4:30-7:301006313213585599105482616152Total11226179238456082576854183182From Tolichowki to Mehdipatnam roadMorning7:30-8:30892376188915238281746Evening4:30-7:30713122802066229195153212272Total8023265622542383475360140183From Tolichowki to Shaikpet roadMorning7:30-8:301241553678811110372674Evening4:30-7:30795616152748390465283713320Total9197216834264715763144159944From Shaikpet to Tolichowki roadMorning7:30-8:301016380218151821991875Evening4:30-7:308443148630607341872913314234Total9459186632787492055104216109Time Periodlocation2-W3-W4-WLCVTruckBusCycleTotal Vehicles5From Shaikpet to Khajaguda X RoadMorning7:30-8:301016380218151821991875Evening4:30-7:308443148630607341872913314234Total94591866327874920551042161096From Khajaguda X Road to ShaikpetMorning7:30-8:30797335168914212251560Evening4:30-7:30646920721876209194663011141Total7266240720442183367855127017From Khajaguda X Road to GachibowliMorning7:30-8:301054444217915199251963Evening4:30-7:30880012072836526104822413885Total9854165130535352568149158488From Gachibowli to Khajaguda X RoadMorning7:30-8:30106547657369108862287Evening4:30-7:30705514042404340424633511743Total812018802977409525514114030COLLECTION OF FIELD DATA.A Consolidated Traffic Volume Survey DataDETAILS OF SECTIONS15Section no.LocationDirection.Carriage way width (m) in one direction(m)Effective width of earthen shoulder (m)Remarks.IMehdipatnamMehdipatnam - Tolichowki8.51.8Full side frictionIITolichowkiTolichowki-Mehdipatnam8.51.8Full side frictionIIITolichowkiTolichowki- Shaikpet9.31.8No side frictionIVShaikpetShaikpet- Tolichowki9.50.5Trucks parked on the shoulderVShaikpetShaikpet- Khajaguda X Road10.21.5No side frictionVIKhajaguda X RoadKhajaguda X Road- Shaikpet10.21.8No side frictionVIIKhajaguda X RoadKhajaguda X Road- Gachibowli9.51.8No side frictionVIIIGachibowliGachibowli-Khajaguda X Road9.51.8No side friction

AVERAGE SPACE MEAN SPEED(KMPH)16Time Period2-W3-W4-WBusTime mean speed (kmph)Space mean speed (kmph)7:30-7:4545.0039.2247.5038.4342.5441.957:45-8:0043.0438.0245.0636.7340.7139.768:00-8:1541.5036.1442.6236.0039.0637.888:15-8:3038.6434.0241.6234.4537.1836.164:30-4:4539.0134.4638.9933.8236.8135.864:45-5:0033.6430.8334.3130.7832.3831.085:00-5:1532.4029.2134.5731.7231.9730.525:15-5:3031.1828.7729.9028.2429.5228.245:30-5:4528.1526.3528.2227.3627.5226.215:45-6:0025.5022.7825.0124.1924.3723.106:00-6:1523.9524.1224.9523.0424.0122.786:15-6:3025.0321.0624.7422.6123.3622.086:30-6:4528.2023.8625.5223.5825.2924.476:45-7:0025.7823.7622.9823.1723.9223.217:00-7:1523.9621.3722.1622.0122.3720.937:15-7:3023.4220.4322.8321.1121.9521.32PEDESTRIAN VOLUME COUNTS(150M LONG BASE)LocationTime PeriodPedestrian Volume (ped/hr)Average Volume (ped/hr)Mehdipatnam to Tolichowki4:30-5:307088675:30-6:307556:30-7:301138Khajaguda X road to Gachibowli4:30-5:305217005:30-6:306366:30-7:30942

Results and DiscussionFollowing are the detail study and analysis presented after collecting data from the field PCU factor determinationDetermination of capacity from speed-flow curves PCU factors for the selected stretches estimated by using following modified equation from justo method for Pcu estimation. PCUi = =

where is space ratio of ith vehicle to the car

is speed ratio of car to the ith vehicle

is longitudinal gap ratio of ith vehicle to the car

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PCU FACTORSFollowing are the new Pcu factors generated by the modified equation of Pcu estimation method

PCU factors for Mehdipatnam to Tolichowki road.19PCU factors for all locations are summarized belowPCU FACTORSModeLocationShaikpet to Khajaguda x roadTolichowki to ShaikpetKhajaguda X road to Gachibowli Mehdipatnam to Tolichowki roadCar1111Bus4.813.973.964.09Auto0.60.480.490.532W0.170.140.140.15CAPACITY ESTIMATION FROM SPEED FLOW CURVES y = 8.396x2+432.7x+247.2 R2 = 0.931Where, y is flow in PCUs/hr x is mean speed in kmphThe capacity value for Moosapet to ASR Nagar road is 5822 PCUs/hr capacity =

Old Capacity for Mehdipatnam to Tolichowki road 21y = 4.308x2+227.7x+113 R2 = 0.926The capacity value for Moosapet to ASR Nagar is 3122 DPCUs/hr

Where, y is flow in DPCUs/hr x is mean speed in kmphcapacity =

New Capacity for Mehdipatnam to Tolichowki road 22CAPACITY ESTIMATION FROM SPEED FLOW CURVESTOLICHOWKI TO MEHDIPATNAM y = 10.5x2+44.4x+264.5R2 = 0.853The capacity value is 4903 PCUs/hr.y = 4.272x2+197.7x+118.4 R2 = 0.808The capacity value is 2406 DPCUs/hr.23y = 9.05x2+424.9x+70.06R2 = 0.886The capacity value is 2630 PCUs/hrThe capacity value is 5221 PCUs/hr y = 4.611x2+215.3x+116.6 R2 = 0.92424TOLICHOWKI TO SHAIKPET ROADy = 8.748x2+414.8x+141.2 R2 = 0.921The capacity value is 5058 PCUs/hry = 4.265x2+203.9x+90.29R2 = 0.88The capacity value is 2527 DPCUs/hr25SHAIKPET TO TOLICHOWKI ROAD y = 8.278x2+403.3x+160.7R2 = 0.895The capacity value is 5072 PCUs/hrThe capacity value is 2602 DPCUs/hry = 4.074x2+202.3x+89.79R2 = 0.87926Shaikpet to Khajaguda X Roady = 6.7752x2 + 350.42x + 280.04R2 = 0.832The capacity value is 4811 PCUs/hrThe capacity value is 2410 DPCUs/hry = 4.074x2+202.3x+89.79R2 = 0.87927Khajaguda X Road to Shaikpety = 8.38x2 + 399.67x + 101.62R2 = 0.891The capacity value is 4867 PCUs/hrThe capacity value is 2672 DPCUs/hry = 4.2199x2 + 210.49x + 46.155R2 = 0.88928Khajaguda X Road to Gachibowliy = 7.5091x2 + 360.14x + 160R2 = 0.871The capacity value is 4478 PCUs/hrThe capacity value is 2522 DPCUs/hry = 4.1042x2 + 198.72x + 94.447R2 = 0.85629Gachibowli to Khajaguda X road.S.NoLocationCapacity (PCUs/hr)Capacity (DPCUs/hr)1Mehdipatnam to Tolichowki582231223Tolichowki To Mehdipatnam490324062Tolichowki to Shaikpet522126304Shaikpet to Tolichowki505825275Shaikpet to Khajaguda X Road507226016Khajaguda X Road to Shaikpet481124107Khajaguda X Road to Gachibowli486726728Gachibowli to Khajaguda X road44782522COMPARISON OF CAPACITY VALUESWhere, y = Capacity in PCUs/hr x = Lane width in mEFFECT OF LANE WIDTHy = 378.5x + 1670. R2 = 0.9688Sl noLane Width in mCapacity in PCUs/hCorrection factor18.548871.13128.046981.08737.545081.04347.04320156.541300.956CORRECTION FACTORS FOR LANE WIDTHEFFECT OF ROAD SIDE FRICTION33y =0.909x+4894R2 = 0.949Where, y = Capacity in PCUs/hr x = Pedestrian volume in (ped/hr)S.NoPedestrian volume (ped/hr)Correction factor(frf)10121000.98132000.96245000.907511000.795CORRECTION FACTORS FOR SIDE FRICTION35CONCLUSIONSPCU values obtained in this study for 2-wheeler is around 0.15, auto rickshaw is around 0.5, and Bus is around 4.5.

As carriageway width is increasing, PCU values are increasing for all modes.

The capacity of a section with side friction is approximately 12 percent lower as compared to a section with no side friction.

The capacity of a section is decreased as lane width decreases. For 1m reduction in lane width the capacity is reduced by 15 percent.

Capacities using PCU values suggested by IRC were almost exceeded 50% than capacities estimated by using dynamic PCU values obtained in this study.

36LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYData is collected only for 4 Hrs, from which continuous behavior of the traffic cannot be evaluated

PCU factors vary with traffic characteristics, roadway conditions, control conditions and environmental conditions. The effects of curvature, gradient, etc were not taken into consideration.

37SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDYIn this study only lane width and road side friction are considered to find its influence on capacity. So, this study can be extended by considering other influencing parameters like parking, pedestrians, bus stops etc., to find their influence on capacity.

In this dissertation data was collected manually but it is advisable to capture the traffic flow using a video camera and the arrival vehicles of the successive vehicles using appropriate capturing technique

Thank You38