CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORSWITH EXAMPLES

What is Capacitors ?

• Capacitors are electronic components that storescharge efficiently.

• They can be charged and discharged very quickly

and hold their charge indefinitely

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Structure of capacitor

capacitors are made from two parallel metal platesSeparated by an insulator called a dielectric

DIELECTRIC

A dielectric material is a substance that is poorConductor of electricity.

Charging a capacitor

In a circuit capacitor plate closest to the negativeTerminal of the battery is stacked with electrons(negative charges)

The opposite plate becomes positivelyCharged.

There is no movement of charge between thePlates as they are insulated by the dielectric.

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Capacitance• The capacitance can be define as the area of the

plates and the distance between them. Three factors determine capacitance

• The area of the plates.• The distance separating the plates.• The properties of dielectric.

NETWORKS OF CAPACITOR• Capacitors In ParallelWhen both of the terminals are respectivelyConnected to each terminal of other capacitorthen it is called parallel capacitor.

Capacitor In series

• Capacitor are said to be connected in series whenthey are joined end to end.

CHARGING AND DISCHARGING

CAPACITOR• Charging a capacitorAs a capacitor charges the voltage increases to thesupply voltage.

voltage

Time

Discharging a Capacitor

• The voltage across the plates of the capacitor dropsas the charges flow away from the plate.

WHAT IS AN INDUCOR ?• A passive electronic component that stores energy in

the form of a magnetic field. • Consist of a wire loop or coil.

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FUNCTION OF ANINDUCTOR

• Used to store such amount of currentwhich is flowing in the circuit and laterreleases the electrical energy to thecircuit when the source of power isremoved.

HOW INDUCTORS WORK

• As the electric current produces a concentratedmagnetic field around the coil, the field flux equatesto a storage of energy representing the kineticmotion of the electrons through the coil. The morecurrent in the coil, the stronger the magnetic fieldwill be, and the more energy in the inductor will bestore.

UNIT OF INDUCTOR• UNIT • Induced (electromotive force) • e= -L di/dt• L= inductance in henry• di/dt = rate of change of current

Henry(H)

TYPES OF INDUCTORS• There are some types of inductors:

• 1)Air core inductors • 2)Iron core inductors • 3)Ferrite core inductors

AIR CORE INDUCTORS• In radio frequency applications where very low

values of inductance is required air core inductorsare generally used there. Air core inductors consistof a few turns of wire wound on a hollow former.Former made up of plastic or ceramic.

IRON CORE INDUCTOR• An iron core inductor is an inductor which usually

consist of a coil of conducting material typically

insulated copper wire wrapped around a core eitherof plastic or ferromagnetic this type of inductor isknown as iron core inductor.

FERRITE CORE INDUCTORS• For high frequency application• Core ferrite an insulator having

high permeability.• Ferrite hard, dense ceramics

Made of ferric oxide + metal oxides

DIFFERENCE BETWEENCAPACITOR AND INDUCTOR

• An inductor and capacitor are both devices thatstores energy.

• However inductor store energy in magnetic fieldwhile capacitor stores energy in an electric field.

• Capacitor is open circuit for DC while inductors areshort circuit for DC.