Cancer - An Introduction

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CancerAN INTRODUCTION

Cancer - An Introduction

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Contents

• What is Cancer

• How is Cancer Caused

• Symptoms

• Classification

• Diagnosis and Staging

• Treatment

• Prevention

Cancer - An Introduction

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What is Cancer

• Out of Control Cell growth

• Benign vs. Malign Tumors

• Characteristics of Malign Tumors

• Damaged cells

• Different from environment

• Angiogenesis

• Metastasis

Cancer - An Introduction

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How is Cancer Caused

• Normal cells : growth, division and death (apoptosis)

• Cancer cells

• Damage to DNA

• Carcinogens

• Inheritance

• Aging

• Viruses

Cancer - An Introduction

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Oncogenes: When to divide

Tumor Suppressor Genes: When not to divide

Suicide Genes: Control apoptosis

DNA Repair Genes: Handle repair tasks

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Symptoms

• Variation according to stage

• Visible through body

• On the skin

• Inside the mouth

• Pain when cells push

• Brain tumors: cognitive functioning

• Fever, fatigue, unexplained weight loss

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Diagnosis and Staging• Diagnosis

• Symptoms

• Imaging Techniques

• Molecular Diagnostic tests

• Biopsy

• Staging (TNM)

• T: Primary tumor (1 – 4)

• N: Nearby Lymph Nodes (0 – 3)

• M: Metastasis (0 – 1)

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Cancer - An Introduction

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Treatment

• Surgery

• Radiation

• Chemotherapy

• Immunotherapy

• Hormone Therapy

• Gene Therapy

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Prevention• Behaviors

• Diet

• Certain Vaccines

• Systematic Screening

• Circulation (Journal issued from Chicago):

• Being physically active, eating a healthy diet, controlling

cholesterol, managing blood pressure, reducing blood sugar,

and not smoking

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Thank You