Canadian Geography 1202 - Unit 3 TestPopulation Urbanization

Score: Name: _________________________

Part A: Multiple Choice

Please select the correct response to the question and place on the answer sheet attached to the back of this test.

1. What refers to the population term of there being more deaths than births?

a) actual decreaseb) contracting population c) natural decrease d) natural increase

2. What is the natural change illustrated below?

BirthsDeaths

75004500

a) 12 000b) 3 000c) 2 500d) -3 000

3. What term represents people moving out of a country or region?

a) actual change b) emigrationc) immigrationd) natural change

4. What population term refers to a given amount of people living in specific area of land?

a) population densityb) population distributionc) population diversityd) settlement pattern

5. What population pyramid represents a contracting population?

6. What term refers to the movement of people into cities?

a) immigrationb) population density c) rural pulld) urbanization

7. The majority of Canadas population is located;

a) in the far north.b) in rural areas.c) within the boreal shield d) within 200km of the US border

8. What is the correct formula for determining a countries population actual change?

a) births + deathsb) (births + deaths) (immigrants + emigrants)c) immigrants + emigrantsd) (births + immigrants) (deaths + emigrants)

9. In the early 1800s many Canadians lived in _____________ areas, while today the majority of Canadas population are living in _____________ areas.

a) rural; ruralb) rural; urbanc) urban; rurald) urban; urban

10. A McDonalds restaurant would be built in what type of city zone?

a) commercialb) industrialc) recreational d) residential

11. Schools and hospitals would be considered this type of land use.

a) commercial b) industrialc) institutionald) recreational

12. Which is a problem that many cities experience as they grow at a very fast rate?

a) increased recreational opportunities b) lower crime rates c) more jobsd) over population

13. What factors might account for the trend shown on the chart below for a country?

a) higher levels of industrial pollution in urban areasb) higher wages and job opportunities in urban areasc) lower crime rates in rural areasd) lower taxes in rural areas

14. Which city land use zone is illustrated below?

a) commercialb) industrialc) recreationald) residential

15. What value represents a low population density?

a) 1.67 people/km2b) 20.8 people/km2c) 43.9 people/km2d) 336.5 people/km2

Part B: Short Answer

Choose four (4) of the following questions and answer them in the space provided. All questions are valued at 5 marks.

1. You are a restaurant owner and are trying to figure out where is the best place to open a new location. Explain what piece of population data would be most important for you in determining where to open your store and explain why.

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2. What type of population pyramid is illustrated below? Provide two suggestions why you think this country has this type of birth rate.

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3. Urban areas that expand very quickly have several challenges. Out of the following list of challenges that face cities, choose the two (2) that you think are the most important and explain why you feel that way for each one. Need for a Green Space Traffic congestion

Increased crime Garbage disposal

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4. List and briefly describe two challenges that rural areas may experience if their population continues to decline.

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5. Describe two (2) pull factors that are drawing people into cities and away from rural areas.__________________________________________________________________

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6. Is it better to live in a rural or an urban area? Provide two arguments to support your answer.__________________________________________________________________

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Part C: Case Study

Read the following case study and answer the following questions in the space provided.

Priority for Canada: More childrenFor every 100 adults there are only 80 children a drop of 20 per cent in a generation.

By: Tom Wonnacott Published on Sat Jun 02 2012 The latest census figures show Canadas birth rate stuck way below the replacement level. For every 100 adults there are only 80 children a drop of 20 per cent in a generation. In the long run, this baby bust is unsustainable. In 200 years, for example, our population of 34 million would collapse to only 7 million descendants.Is immigration the answer? There are practical limitations to how high immigration rates can be tolerated. Many people, rightly or wrongly, fear that massive immigration may overwhelm their way of life.And we have to recognize that immigration is a two-edged sword: Canadians who leave (for the U.S. mostly) sometimes outnumber the immigrants who come in as has happened in many decades already, for example, from 1860 to 1900 and again in the 1930s.Sooner or later, then, we should seriously raise the birth rate. The longer we leave it, the more problems we will have. A declining population requires a painful downsizing in many institutions, from schools and churches to shopping malls. This downsizing, already occurring in many of Canadas smaller communities, will only get worse if the baby bust continues.And as fewer children are born every generation, the number of young people shrinks and shrinks. Another decade of baby bust will give us a Canada where there are more people in their 60s than any other age. This greying of our population means that in the long run there will be a lot fewer workers to support retirees with the Canada Pension Plan, so that the premiums each worker must pay into the plan will more than double. Even more important than this increasing pension burden may be the social consequences: a population with few young people may have a lot less joie de vivre.How did we arrive at our unsustainably low birth rate? Of the many reasons, one of the most interesting is that some parents feel often vaguely but nevertheless strongly enough to influence their decision that stopping at two children will replace themselves, and even achieve a leveling out of population growth.There is a huge catch in this, however. Remember that some women have fewer than two children (they may have fertility problems or choose to be childless). So to maintain a level population, there must be some women who have more than two children.So the three-child family (or more) should be recognized as a great benefit to the nation the only way, except for uncertain immigration, to stem the looming population decline.Fortunately, many of the policies that would encourage parents to have more children are the same policies that simple justice requires. To take one of many examples, the federal government should allow income splitting for all couples, not just pensioned couples.Another helpful policy would be to reduce post-secondary tuition, to free parents from some of the worry about how to pay for their childrens education. Even more important, this would reduce the burden of paying off student loans, which falls disproportionately on those with lower incomes.As well as government policy, it is also important to look at personal decision-making at the family level. When couples with one or two children weigh whether or not to have another, they usually are very aware of the costs involved. Maybe they also should be aware of the benefits, including those that may be overlooked because they cannot be captured with statistics.For instance, children with more siblings have more opportunities to learn to share and to negotiate two invaluable life skills.Or a couple with two sons, for example, who go on to have a daughter, may feel that if they had never had this child, it would have left a real hole in their life regardless of whether it was a girl or a boy.And if the parents go on to three or more children, until they have both genders, it is not only they who will enjoy the additional variety. Most children will have both a brother and a sister a diversity not available to the one- or two-child family.But surely the greatest benefit of having more children is in knowing that each birth, whether it is the first or fourth, is likely to create a lifetime of immeasurable value that will overwhelm whatever costs the parents incurred, unless they are exceptionally disadvantaged.So the reward for larger families goes far beyond the satisfaction that comes from contributing to the viability of Canada as we know it. There is a much deeper contentment for parents in knowing that raising their children is the most creative and loving thing that most couples can ever do.Tom Wonnacott taught statistics at the University of Western Ontario for 40 years.

1. Suggest two (2) strategies that the Canadian government can do to encourage people to have more children. (5 marks)__________________________________________________________________

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2. Suggest two (2) ways Canada might address the future labour shortage if our population continues to drop.(5 Marks)__________________________________________________________________

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3. Propose two (2) solutions for the Canadian government that will help them deal with future potential problems with the pension program. (5 marks)__________________________________________________________________

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Answer Sheet Name: ________________________

Multiple Choice

1. ______________6. ______________11. ______________

2. ______________7. ______________12. ______________

3. ______________8. ______________13. ______________

4. ______________9. ______________14. ______________

5. ______________10. ______________

15. ______________

Total Score

Part A _____ / 15

Part B _____ / 20

Part C _____ /15

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/ 50%

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