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CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF PROFESSIONAL APICULTURISTS

L’ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE

DES PROFESSIONELS DE L’APICULTURE

Proceedings 2017/18

Coast Capri Hotel, Kelowna, British Columbia

October 27 & 28, 2017

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CONTENTS

AGENDA ........................................................................................................................................................ 3

MINUTES ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

Members Present.......................................................................................................................................... 4

Welcome and Introductions ......................................................................................................................... 4

Approval of Agenda ...................................................................................................................................... 4

President’s Report 2017................................................................................................................................ 5

Minutes of 2017 Meeting ............................................................................................................................. 6

Apimondia 2019 Update ............................................................................................................................... 7

CHC Report .................................................................................................................................................... 7

Financial Report for 2017 .............................................................................................................................. 8

AAFC National Statistical Trends in Honey, Beekeeping and Pollination ................................................... 10

USA Apiculture Report (AIA) ....................................................................................................................... 10

RNAi Research Update ................................................................................................................................ 11

PMRA Report............................................................................................................................................... 11

Provincial Reports ....................................................................................................................................... 12

National Survey Report ............................................................................................................................... 15

National Survey Report ............................................................................................................................... 15

Importation and Bee Movement Report .................................................................................................... 17

IPM Report .................................................................................................................................................. 18

Awards Report ............................................................................................................................................ 20

CBRF Report ................................................................................................................................................ 20

Non-Apis Report .......................................................................................................................................... 21

Publication Sales Report ............................................................................................................................. 21

New Disease Publication Report ................................................................................................................. 23

Communication Report ............................................................................................................................... 23

Africanized Bee Report ............................................................................................................................... 25

Archives Report ........................................................................................................................................... 29

New Business .............................................................................................................................................. 29

Proposed Budget 2017 ................................................................................................................................ 32

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Election of Officers ...................................................................................................................................... 33

Committee Selection ................................................................................................................................... 34

Appendix 1: AAFC Beekeeping and Honey – Production and Trade National Overview ............................ 36

Appendix 2: PMRA Report. Update on Pollinators ..................................................................................... 44

Appendix 3: Provincial Apiarists Reports .................................................................................................... 49

British Columbia .......................................................................................................................................... 49

Alberta......................................................................................................................................................... 50

Saskatchewan ............................................................................................................................................. 54

Manitoba ..................................................................................................................................................... 55

Ontario ........................................................................................................................................................ 56

Quebec ........................................................................................................................................................ 63

New Brunswick ............................................................................................................................................ 65

Nova Scotia ................................................................................................................................................. 70

Nova Scotia (cont.) ...................................................................................................................................... 71

Prince Edward Island ................................................................................................................................... 72

Newfoundland and Labrador ...................................................................................................................... 73

Appendix 4: Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists Statement on Honey Bee Wintering Losses in Canada (2017) .............................................................................................................................. 74

Appendix 5: Research Report ..................................................................................................................... 89

Appendix 6: Honourary Membership Nomination Letter of Support ...................................................... 102

Appendix 7: CAPA BYLAWS ....................................................................................................................... 103

Appendix 8: CAPA Membership List ......................................................................................................... 106

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AGENDA Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists

2017 Business Meeting

Coast Capri Hotel, Kelowna, BC ‘Horizon South’ Room, October 27-28 10, 2017

* $85 Registration Fee for CAPA Members includes lunch (October 27) & Breakfast (October 28)* Friday October 27 (8:00 A.M. – 5:00 P.M.) – Breakfast on your own, coffee and lunch provided Welcome and Introductions - Medhat Nasr Agenda - Medhat Nasr President’s Report - Medhat Nasr CHC Report - Kevin Nixon Minutes of 2016 Galveston Meeting - Shelley Hoover Financial Report for 2017 - Graham Parsons Apimondia - Pierre Giovenazzo National Statistical Trends in Honey, - Stephen Page (AAFC) Beekeeping and Pollination USA Update - Samantha Brunner PMRA Report - Janice Villeneuve (PMRA) Provincial Reports - Provincial Apiarists NBDC National Survey - Carlos Castillo Committee Reports National Survey Report - Julie Ferland Importation Report - Geoff Wilson Chemical Report - Jason Sproule Research Report - Leonard Foster Awards Report - Samantha Muirhead CBRF Report - Leonard Foster Non-Apis Report Publication Sales Report - Janet Tam New Disease Publication Report - Steve Pernal Communication Report - Melanie Kempers Africanized Bee Report - Amro Zayed Archives Report - Rob Currie New Business - Medhat Nasr

- Honourary memberships - Membership eligibility: veterinarians - National meetings

Saturday October 28 (7:00 A.M. – 8:15 A.M.) - Breakfast provided Proposed Budget 2018 - Budget Committee Election of Officers - Rhéal Lafrenière Committee Selection - New President

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Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists 2017 Business Meeting

Coast Capri Hotel, Kelowna, British Columbia October 27 & 28, 2017

MINUTES Members Present Georges Martin, Clement Kent, Robyn McCallum, Cameron Menzies, Megan Colwell, Nuria Morfin, Nicolas Tremblay, Rhéal Lafrenière, Stephen Pernal, Martine Bernier, Andrée Rousseau, Carlos Castillo, Shelley Hoover, Shannon Collison, Zoe Rempel, Daniel Borges, Heather Higo, Rob Currie, Amro Zayed, Leonard Foster, Kathleen Glasgow, Kenna MacKenzie, Tracey Smith, Stephen Page, Chris Maund, Paul van Westendorp, Medhat Nasr, Marta Guarna, Pierre Giovenazzo, Renata Borba, Geoff Wilson, Derek Micholson, Paul Kozak, Daryl Wright, Alison McAfee Guests Samantha Brunner, Janice Villeneuve, Lauren Park Present Via Video Conference Julie Ferland, Jason Sproule, Graham Parsons, Jamie Lee Martin, Lynae Ovinge, Jeff Kearns, Paul Kelly, Daniel Thurston, Mel Kempers, Les Eccles Welcome and Introductions Medhat Nasr President Nasr called the meeting to order at 8:35 am. President Nasr welcomed the membership to the 60th annual meeting and thanked the organisers. A round table of introductions was made for those in attendance. Approval of Agenda Medhat Nasr MOTION: Motion to approve the agenda as circulated. MOVED BY: Amro Zayed SECONDED BY: Kenna MacKenzie CARRIED

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President’s Report 2017 Medhat Nasr

CAPA President Report 2017 Dr. Medhat Nasr, CAPA President

Alberta Provincial Apiculturist Crop Research and Extension Division Alberta Agriculture and Forestry 17507 Fort Road NW Edmonton, AB T5Y 6H3 Canada Tel: 780-415-2314 Fax: 780-422- 6096 E-mail: [email protected]

I would like to welcome you to the 60th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists (CAPA). I would like to extend a special thank you to the organizing committee members, especially Shelley Hoover, who worked hard as usual to get this meeting organized with the Canadian Honey Council (CHC) and British Columbia Honey Producers Association (BCHPA).

Over the past year CAPA has continued to play an important active role to serve as a member of

the Canadian beekeeping stakeholders. As the president of CAPA, I acknowledge the support and assistance I have received from our capable executive committee members: Vice-President Pierre Giovenazzo, Secretary Shelley Hoover, Treasurer Graham Parson, and Past-President Rhéal Lafrenière. I also wish to thank members of our standing and ad-hoc committees for their work during the last year.

The following is a summary of some of CAPA Activities:

1. Bee Imports Committee. This year we had few issues with bee imports. Geoff Wilson, the chair, and his committee members continued to work closely with CFIA on arising issues to ensure a steady supply of healthy bees and queens to Canadian beekeepers. 2. The Research Committee, chaired by Leonard Foster was hard at work pulling together the research activity reports and preparation of the research workshop. 3. CAPA IPM Committee chaired by Jason Sproule has been busy working with the Pest Management Centre to help in preparing the application of HopGuard registration to PMRA. The CAPA IPM Committee is not working on the development of a process to implement the new policy for Antimicrobial use in the beekeeping industry. PAs have been working through provincial agencies and Health Canada. Antibiotics will not be available over-the-counter and beekeepers must have a prescription for antibiotics to use in their operations starting December 1st 2018. 4. Africanized Bee Committee. Dr. Amro Zayd and his committee prepared an excellent report that focused on new developed technology for identification of AHB and AHB status in the USA. This work will help in setting new standards for testing the Africanized bees in the future based on new technologies. 5. CAPA Committee for Apimondia –Montreal 2019. CAPA committee headed by Pierre Giovenazzo continues to prepare for this big international event. CAPA will continue to work with CHC to organize this international event. I am sure that CAPA members will continue to help and offer volunteers to ensure producing a first class successful event. 6. Honey Bee Health Coalition (HBHC).

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Since 2015, CAPA is an ex-official member of HBHC. The “Honey Bee Health Coalition” formed by The Keystone Center (Keystone Colorado, USA). This organization mandate is to address the decline in honey bee and pollinator health. It aims to provide the best available tools and resources for improving honey bee health. In 2017 CAPA participated (Rassol Bahreini and Medhat Nasr) in developing an international proposal for screening new miticides to control Varroa. We hope this activity will inject some life into this project to make Varroa control more sustainable. Please check the following link: http://honeybeehealthcoalition.org/varroa/

As this is my last year in my second consecutive terms as President. To my executive officers,

committee chairs and members at large is a pleasure working with you! I would like to make special comments on some major accomplishments: CAPA presented at

Senate Standing Committee on Agriculture and Forestry inquiry into bee health, we presented a balanced views on bee health and challenges facing the honey bees and the industry. The Wintering Loss Reports coordinated by the National Survey committee have been improved tremendously and gained the trust of many stakeholders as an official report of bee health status in Canada. As I look forward to the future, I am confident that the new executive will provide the leadership this organization has long provided and is known for.

Rhéal Lafrenière is looking after the election of the new board. If interested, please contact him.

The nomination is open till 3:00 pm today. Then election will be later at the end of the meeting. MOTION: Motion to accept the President’s Report as presented. MOVED BY: Martine Bernier SECONDED BY: Heather Higo CARRIED Appointment of Nomination Committee & Scrutineers Medhat Nasr MOTION: Motion that Rhéal Lafrenière be appointed the Chair of Nomination

Committee MOVED BY: Georges Martin SECONDED BY: Paul Kozak CARRIED Rhéal Lafrenière appointed Derek Micholson and Megan Colwell (CAPA associate members) to act as scrutineers. Minutes of 2017 Meeting Shelley Hoover Secretary Shelley Hoover indicated that the Minutes of the 2017 AGM (Galveston) were previously circulated on CAPA-L. Final Proceedings have been posted on the CAPA website. MOTION: Motion to accept the Minutes of the 2017 AGM as circulated. MOVED BY: Paul Kozak

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SECONDED BY: Heather Higo CARRIED Apimondia 2019 Update Pierre Giovenazzo I sent out a report in August, but things have changed, so I will give an update. Previously we were working with a Professional Congress Organiser (PCO) given to us by Apimondia. They had been with us since the Apimondia in Korea (2015), but we did not have a signed contract. In June, Rod Scarlett and I were in Istanbul for the ‘Apimondia 2017’ and we visited with Apimondia to discuss about managing this large congress and how to select submitted abstracts. We were told that by the end of June everything would be signed, but we still did not have a signed contract by August. We were still working with the PCO through Skype, but it was difficult to work with a PCO from Europe for logistical reasons. Various things happened in Istanbul but we still did not have a signed contract with the PCO. In the end, Apimondia advised us to select and appoint our own PCO. The timeline is tight, but we have more control now, including financing. Nothing was signed with the congress centre either. We are asking for bids from local PCOs, and will meet with them soon. In December, we will have our PCO and will be able to get things going: sign with hotels, get sponsors, etc. There are many parts going well, such as the science section. Steve Pernal is the chair of the scientific committee. Overall, the Apimondia in Istanbul was a great meeting. We had a good booth, a good team from CAPA, CHC, and Quebec. There was a lot of interest in our booth. There was a lot of attention for Canada. Rumors were that many people didn’t attend the Istanbul conference because of political reasons and are waiting to come to Canada. Steve Pernal described the scientific structure of Apimondia, the standing committees, the selection of papers, and the low attendance of the international community at the Istanbul meeting. Steve also described the benefits of attending such a diverse international meeting. Discussion ensued about the role of CAPA in Apimondia and profit sharing, the structure of the scientific abstract selection. Pierre emphasized that this is a CHC event, not CAPA. There was discussion about the role of CAPA in Apimondia ‘99. President Nasr thanked Pierre Giovenazzo and Steve Pernal for their presentations. MOTION: Motion to accept the Apimondia report as presented MOVED BY: Paul Kozak SECONDED BY: Rob Currie CARRIED CHC Report Kevin Nixon, CHC Chair. We face many issues and challenges. We have had discussions over the last few days, and there are areas for us to work on. I will not go into details about the Bee Health Round Table (BHRT) because that was already discussed yesterday. We are also involved in the Honey Bee Health Coalition and we are staying in touch with U.S. colleagues. We are forming a honey committee as part of the BHRT. BHRT’s recent work include the forage booklet and the BMP guide, they are good and useful documents.

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The industry keeps growing, urban beekeeping as well. Antimicrobials have been a recent issue as well, and the industry tried to provide inputs. It looks like what is going forward is not what we suggested, and this may present challenges in some regions. It looks like beekeepers will need prescription for antimicrobials. The veterinary associations say they will educate their members about bees, but I am not sure how that will come together. We want beekeepers to have access to these products when they need them. We will continue to try to work through this. Social license continues to be a big issue, and the new CAP funding may address some of this. Some education on the new food safety legislation needs to happen as well, and package labelling is still an issue. We have asked for an exemption to the wording “high in sugar” in the honey label. We are making progress on the labour file, the ‘four in four out’ rule was removed. We are also participating in trade missions and trying to expand market access. Finally, Apimondia, but you just had an update. Discussion ensued about the role of all the provinces in organising Apimondia, and profits from Apimondia. CHC would like to see a general pool of money that benefits all the industry, including the researchers, beekeepers, and the provinces. Everyone. A discussion ensued about the risk in the event of a loss of money. It was indicated that the PCO assumes the liability. President Nasr thanked Kevin Nixon for his CHC Report. Financial Report for 2017 Graham Parsons via videoconference Graham described the membership numbers, then CAPA’s finances according to his written report.

CAPA Treasurer’s Report Graham Parsons - 26Oct2017

The Treasurer’s report contains a few tasks not completed. Future treasurers are warned that

starting a new job, finishing a master thesis and having a newborn do not leave much time for volunteer positions which can have larger than expected time commitments. With that said, a few highlights and comments on the Treasurers’ documents. The Membership list is currently up to date, or as up to date as possible with our changing membership. Membership is:

Full Members 84 Associate Members 26 Honorary Members 13 Total 123

The membership list contains a few places for additional information and edits to some

individuals records. Conversion to an Excel file, with linkages to the List-serve maintained by Gard Otis would make tallying members and sorting by membership type, province, organization, etc. easier with a small change in format and input in time. This would likely aid in tracking and determining paid members as well. A list of members with fees unpaid has been shared with the current CAPA executive.

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Total Cash on hand as of 25 Oct2017 is:

Community Plan Plus (day to day banking $22,778.05 GIC Term Deposit (yearly auto renewal) $10,454.59 Term Deposit (Monthly auto renewal) $10,231.70 PAYPAL Account (electronic payment option) $15,036.16 Total Cash $58,500.50

Publication Sales in 2017 total $18,237.16. There are currently $2,965.64 in outstanding

publication invoices, some from recent invoices, others that require follow up. Galveston meeting cost was $5,382.49 which was paid with a deposit of $500USD (691.09CAD) in 2016 and the remaining $4191CAD in 2017. Kelowna estimated invoice is $2608.78. The Donations to the IBRA of $1000 and CBRF or $30,000 were made in early 2017. The GST and HST have yet to be filed. There are currently some challenges of changing over the contact with CRA for tax purposes. The accountant consultation (estimated 40hrs @ $100/hr) remains incomplete. This was to help determine CAPA’s official status for tax purposes. i.e. Not for profit, charitable organization, business etc.

2016 CAPA Proposed Budget - estimated values as 2015 fiscal year not over as of AGM 2016 Proposed

2016 Actual (to Jan 9th, 2017) 2017 Proposed

GIC Term Deposit Opening Balance $10,412.94 ActualTerm Deposit $10,227.89 ActualCommunity plan plus $48,162.48 ActualPAYPAL $7,690.78 Actual

$76,494.09 ActualAccount Opening Balance (1 January 2016)

01 January 01 2015- 31 December 2016REVENUEGICMemberships

50 Full $2,000.002016 22 $880.002017 40 $1,600.00 $2,240.00

15 Associate $300.002016 1 $47.452017 13 $260.00 $40.00

Meetings2015 Dec paid $340.00

28 AGM Registrations29x150 $2,380.00 $4,350.00 $3,000.00Publications (approx 2200 copies X $10/copy plus shipping) $25,500.00 $28,277.20 $26,000.00HST Rebate $500.00 $0.00 $0.00Term interest $4.68 $5.00GIC interest $41.65 $20.00

revenue total $30,680.00 $35,800.98 $31,305.00

ExpendituresPublications printing $18,633.75 $0.00

S/H charges (all editions, reimbursement to Janet Tam) $3,675.00 $2,184.15 $3,000.00Shipping expenses (Janet Tam) 150 $0.00 $150.00

Meetings AGM 2016 $2,500.00 $3,518.09 $3,000.00IBRA Donation (2016) $500.00 $0.00 $1,000.00Student Merit Award $2,100.00 $1,945.26 $2,100.00Student Presentation Award $100.00 $100.00 $100.00Misc. (cards, postage, etc) $20.00 $0.00 $20.00Website Hosting $400.00 $385.00 $400.00Banking Fees (includes PayPal) $200.00 $234.07 $200.00Travel of Executive to Meeting $2,000.00 $777.04 $2,000.00Consult with Accountant, advice, consult, not formal audit (~40hrs X $100/hr?) $4,000.00 $0.00 $4,000.00Donation to CBRF $10,000.00 $0.00 $10,000.00Purchase of Apimondia GIC (spend later on CAPA booth, travel, promo etc) $20,000.00 $0.00 $20,000.00Contract to format ebook $2,000.00 $0.00 $2,000.00

expenditures total $47,645.00 $27,777.36 $47,970.00revenue-expenditures -$16,965.00 $8,023.62 -$16,665.00Investments at start of year $20,583.00 $20,594.50 $20,640.83Cash at start of year $21,506.20 46310.61 $55,853.26

Total estimated cash and investments$25,124.20 $74,928.73 $59,829.09Estimate holding 500 French and 3000 English = $35,000 potential revenue

$1,565.36In red above is money we have, that I don't know how we have it. Suspect opening balances, or carry over fees from 2015 into 2016 are the source. To balance we need to make more money, or have fewer expenses.

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Action item: Proposed Budget Committee to consist of Stephen Pernal, Rob Currie, and Georges Martin.

MOTIO MOTION: Motion to accept the financial report as presented MOVED BY: Kenna MacKenzie SECONDED BY: Robyn McCallum CARRIED AAFC National Statistical Trends in Honey, Beekeeping and Pollination Stephen Page Stephen Page presented statistics on the honey and beekeeping industry, and activities of the Bee Health Round Table. Due to the early meeting this year, some statistics are the same as in the report to CAPA from the last CAPA AGM. There was discussion about how the contribution of bees to crop value is calculated. Canola swamps everything, so how we treat canola is important. Discussion ensued about why we import queens and the message we want to send to the public. There was an increase in queen importation numbers. We don’t want to send an alarmist message but the industry does have issues. Further discussion about the BHRT and expanding its mandate to include honey, pollination, and other issues besides bee health. Power Point presentation located in Appendix 1 President Nasr thanked Stephen Page for his presentation. USA Apiculture Report (AIA) Samantha Brunner, AIA President I became the president a month ago when the previous president (Mark Dykes) vacated. I have been very busy with meetings since. I live in North Dakota (ND). I am also the state inspectors for ND. There are about 300 beekeepers and over 616000 colonies in ND. All beekeepers come to ND in the summer and leave in the winter. We have about 100 hobby beekeepers that keep colonies in ND year around but the rest of the beekeepers all leave. Our numbers are climbing, and beekeepers are right on top of each other. Losses by state are confusing because, for example, where should ND beekeepers report their winter losses from? If they aren’t in ND in the winter. Backyard beekeeper losses are nearly 50%, commercial losses is somewhat lower. This year, winter losses were lower than previous years. We don’t know why, but we hope that it continues. Colonies treated for Varroa within the last 2 months were already above the treatment threshold of 3%. Varroa destructor virus-1 (VDV1) was found in only two states in 2010, although sampling was not national. The virus is now everywhere, including Hawaii. We are looking at samples from intervening years to see how it was spread. As of January, we require a prescription for antibiotics. It varies in how

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well it works and how it happens. Some veterinarians establish a relationship with the beekeeper and don’t check hives, while others check every hive before they write the prescription. Some states have had extension courses for veterinarians, and state apiarists have helped with the education. Many beekeepers still have stocks of antibiotics that they are holding, but so far people have been able to get what they need. Discussion ensued about veterinarians becoming involved in a business that they know little about. This new requirement results in higher costs to the beekeepers. It was also discussed how the reporting come from the veterinarians to the regulators, as Canada would like a model to follow. President Nasr thanked Samantha Brunner for her report. RNAi Research Update Jerry Hayes, Monsanto I started with Monsanto 5 years ago to lead research on RNAi to control Varroa mite, a non-chemical control treatment. I learned a lot since then. We had large field trials, with thousands of colonies to see how we can deliver this product to control Varroa mites and how to get efficacy data. As everything else in beekeeping, it seems to be location dependent, so we are not getting the consistency in the results we want. This product (RNAi) is placed in sugar syrup and this seems to be the delivery issue. Nurse bees take this RNAi-sugar syrup and feed it to larvae. As a result, the Varroa cannot reproduce. We will use a miticide to knock down Varroa, and then use this product to slow the Varroa population growth. This is a few years off as a commercial product. Discussion ensued about other projects for mite control lead by Monsanto, the source of data variation and the timeline for product registration. This is the only product Monsanto is working on at the moment for mite control. The acquisition of the Bayer division by BASF may create a period of uncertainty about where this study project will go. The variation of the data seems to be related to the distribution of the product by nurse bees. The regulatory process of this product through EPA will start next year. President Nasr thanked Jerry Hayes for his presentation. PMRA Report Janice Villeneuve Janice presented on aspects of in-hive products, pollinator incidents, neonicotinoid re-evaluations, and pollinator risk assessment pathway. “Fisher’s” bee repellent is being looked at again towards registration but CFIA/PMRA will not register because it is outside of their mandate. Bee repellent is not considered a pesticide as it is used to “herd livestock”. Antibiotics are veterinarian drugs, also not regulated by PMRA. Pollinator incidents involved prescribed reporting procedures. Only 3-13% of these pollinator incidents are spray incidents, most associated with corn or soy planting. Clothianidin and Thiamethoxam are being re-evaluated. Imidacloprid removal has been proposed. By law, all products must be reassessed every 15 years. Results of the reassessment of Imidacloprid were based on their effects on aquatic life impacts

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which concluded that the neonics should be removed. The product was not in reference to the effects on pollinators. This is a separate report and will be released in the spring 2018. Pollinator Risk Assessment is done through feeding, tunnel, and field studies. The field studies are long-term including winter survival rates. Discussion ensued about how incidents are evaluated. Many factors are considered, including viruses, timing and pesticide levels. There was also discussion about how PMRA evaluates long term exposure products, such as sulfloxifor. Janice explained that the PMRA considers both the acute and chronic toxicity. Power Point presentation located in Appendix 2 President Nasr thanked Janice Villeneuve for her report. Provincial Reports Provincial Apiarists Provincial reports were circulated; main points were highlighted at the meeting. Full Provincial Apiculturist Reports and summary table in Appendix 3 British Columbia – Paul van Westendorp

x 2600 beekeepers, many of these are urban beekeepers. There is a concern that urban beekeepers may not be controlling for diseases. Many cities allow beekeepers within the city limits. It is important to emphasize beekeeping education to decrease number of swarms in the city.

x We had a terrible spring due to weather: 31% loss, up from 18% last year. x We also had some colonies with high Varroa mite levels due to inadequate mite control. x We had many forest fires in the province and in the interior there was a total write off of a crop,

but huge crops in the island. A discussion ensued about Small Hive Beetle (SHB) and European Foulbrood (EFB). Continuous incursions of SHB from the U.S. is expected. Many surveys were carried in BC and only one infestation 200 m from the U.S. border was found. BC data does not support increased issues with EFB. Some people reporting problems are from Alberta, but BC does not have data on them. There was also discussion about bee losses due to forest fires. Only a few hives were destroyed by fire, but the smoke was so bad that bees did not forage. In many cases there was no forage, and beekeepers had no honey crop. There will be a program in place to address agricultural losses due to the fires. Alberta – Medhat Nasr

x We went from 1400 to 1700 beekeepers. Most of the increase was in urban areas with 600 beekeepers in Calgary city alone. Edmonton is a little bit behind. Many cities are starting to consider allowing beekeeping.

x 315000 hives this year, up about 10000 from last year. x Honey production was variable depending on weather and bee colony mortality rates.

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x 29% of winter loss, which is up from our 16% average over the past few years. Losses were mainly due to high Varroa mite levels in the fall or high Nosema infestation in the spring.

x We inspected about 10000 hives, from which 500 were inspected three times. Most inspections were from colonies coming back from BC. There is a concern that apivar resistance is a regional issue. Also, beekeepers suspect that fungicide use due to wet cold spring in BC may have caused some colony health issues.

Discussion ensued about SHB found in Alberta and the particulars of the SHB quarantine. Small hive beetle was found in colonies moved to AB from ON without permission. A heath certificate provided by Ontario Ministry of Agriculture inspection program stated these colonies did not have small hive beetle. However, inspection of the same bee colonies in Alberta, three times, showed that nine beetles were found to date in five different apiaries. Our team is busy learning about SHB right now. The beekeeper in question is quarantined for the next year. Thanks to Paul van Westendorp’s help, he allowed the beekeeper to move 6500 bee colonies to BC to overwinter. Hives moved to BC were loaded with an inspector from AB present to ensure where they are coming from. The rest of bee colonies, 2500 hives, include 500 bee colonies from Ontario that will continued to be quarantined in Alberta. The quarantine of these colonies and any colonies from this operation returning back from BC will be continued to be quarantined until two consecutive inspections done show no small hive beetle found. Saskatchewan – Geoff Wilson

x 1044 registered beekeepers. Yield stats are not available yet. x About 112000 colonies wintered x 23.5% winter loss. The biggest winter loss was in April due to the cold, as well as high Varroa

and Nosema levels. x Commercial beekeepers are trying to reduce antibiotic use. As a result, there is an increase in

AFB. x We have partial resistance to apivar from mites in SK. Apivar had an efficiency of 80%, which is

below the 85% cut off. x Regional weather issues: good some places, poor others.

Manitoba – Rhéal Lafrenière

x 750 beekeepers x It was a challenging year: wet and cool spring with a drought in the summer and poor mating. x Good winter loss: 16.8%. x There was a fair amount of Varroa built up by fall. Some evidence that apivar is not as effective.

We have done some tests and apivar was about 80% effective. Apistan failed in the same bioassays, quite low.

x Typical levels of AFB. Discussion ensued about mite bombs, oxalic acid treatments, and the lack of standards of these treatments in terms of risks and residues. Ontario – Paul Kozak

x 105000 colonies. x Number of beekeepers up to 3300. x Honey yield data is not available yet.

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x Not a good year: lots of rain, lots of swarming, and a very late fall flow when beekeepers were trying to control Varroa levels. Poor honey flow.

x 27% winter loss, higher than we would like. Many inspections were done. Beekeepers reported that poor queens, starvation, and weak colonies in the fall contributed to losses. Could be poor mating too.

x We found 24 bee yards (3.3%) with AFB, 1.1% of inspected colonies. EFB was also low. Varroa has not been analysed yet. Some SHB detected as well in multiple counties.

x Monitoring program in collaboration with ministry of environment continues and includes pesticide screening from trapped pollen. Inspectors randomly select from commercial beekeepers and inspect three times per year.

x Growing number of urban and treatment free beekeepers is causing some concern. x Bee act is set to be reopened and we are in discussions with industry as to best management

practices. We have seen some really good examples of urban beekeeping done properly. Quebec – Nicolas Tremblay

x Many new urban beekeepers in the last couple years. As beekeeping grows in QC it brings issues with it, such as unexperienced beekeepers. About 75% of all beekeepers are small beekeepers but the number of commercials is increasing as well.

x Bad beekeeping year this year. Lots of moisture in some regions, resulting in a lower honey yield of about 30-40lbs in average.

x 18% winter loss. x Working on SHB surveillance with CRSAD. One colony had SHB in 2016, and two colonies in the

spring of 2017. We don’t think it is spreading. This is likely the result of invasions from the U.S. as the SHB colonies were close to the border.

x Some foulbrood problems this year. Nicolas proposed that it would be a good idea to have tech teams present their reports each year. Discussion ensued about companies offering services to hobby beekeepers. New Brunswick – Chris Maund

x We are increasing by 30-40 beekeepers every year and number of colonies is also increasing. x Dry year but we had rain in the fall. x We had lower numbers of regular inspections because we invested in SHB inspections. SHB was

not found near the U.S. border, but it was found in colonies brought in from ON and NB. We found 32 adult beetles.

x Only 19000 colonies were used for pollination, a decrease due to low berry prices. Pollination rental fees also decreased somewhat.

Nova Scotia – Jason Sproule It is a brief report because we are in the middle of the re-registration process. November 1st is the deadline for renewal. It will be mid-November before I can get final stats.

x There was a dramatic drop in berry prices, far below the value they need to make a profit. This price drop was due to high yield and surplus. This will affect beekeepers and will likely result in fewer hives.

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x We imported some hives for pollination. We were bringing in 4-5000 colonies but the industry requested a border closure. We sent 4 inspectors to NB (SHB free area) and imported 430 hives from NB, a decrease from previous years.

x We are watching the other provinces with respect to SHB, as beetles could fly to PEI from here. x We have ended our pollinator expansion plan and are close to the desired numbers. We are

now looking at biosecurity and protecting that investment. There was a discussion about information requested from Statistics Canada. Most PA’s have received this request. Statistics Canada is apparently requesting beekeeper’s contact lists, but in many cases this information cannot be shared unless they send a FOIP letter. Prince Edward Island – none Newfoundland and Labrador – none National Survey Report Carlos Castillo Tomorrow I will be presenting the data. Today I just want to give CAPA a quick update on our final survey year. We collected 255 samples from eight provinces. In total, we sampled colonies from over 300 beekeepers and did more than 20 diagnostics per sample, including nine viruses this year. Slow Paralysis Virus was not detected but we did see Lake Sinai viruses. This year, for the first time, we collected bee bread from 252 colonies from eight provinces for pesticide chemical residue analyses. That will be an interesting data to discuss. Carlos thanked the people who sampled and helped in other ways. The NBDC is looking at options to continue the National Survey going forward, if there is support from the industry. The National Survey has been a lot of work but we should be proud of what we have accomplished together. Discussion ensued about including other viruses in the analyses. Carlos indicated that they still have all the samples and can certainly do more diagnostics. President Nasr thanked Carlos Castillo for his report Committee Reports National Survey Report Medhat Nasr for Julie Ferland There was discussion about separating out the causes of losses between beekeepers with high losses and low losses. It was suggested that this idea be passed on to the committee. Discussion ensued about expanding the questionnaire by one question to ask what the proportion of import/domestic/self-bred queens were in the operation, and whether this could be included in the winter loss report or the PA surveys

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2017 - CAPA Winter loss Survey Report

In 2017, the Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists (CAPA) National Survey Committee mainly worked on the winter loss survey. As in previous years, the committee developed a set of questions (see Appendix 4A) with standardized definitions in order to gather data on the winter losses of colonies and management practices around Canada. These questions took into account the large diversity of beekeeping industry profiles and seasonal activities within each province. Some provinces included supplementary regional questions which were out of the scope of the National Survey Committee. This year, we modified questions 1 and 2 for receive information on wintering methods (outdoor vs. indoor wintering) in each province (see Appendix 4A) for allow a provincial interpretation of these data. Methodology

In each province, the survey material was provided to producers using various methods of delivery. The questionnaire was either sent by regular mail or email or administered online or by telephone. Provincial data was first tabulated and analyzed by the Provincial Apiculturist and all the provincial results were gathered to be analyzed and summarised at the national level in order to determine average bee losses across Canada. This year, no data was obtained from Newfoundland and Labrador for the national survey.

The targeted population was the beekeepers that were considered sideliners or commercial beekeepers. Depending on the province, the surveyed beekeepers were those who owned and operated:

x All beekeepers in Prince Edward Island; x 10 or more colonies in British Colombia; x 30 or more colonies in New Brunswick; x 50 colonies or more in Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and Nova Scotia; x 100 colonies or more in Saskatchewan; x 400 colonies or more in Alberta

The common definitions of a honey bee colony and a commercially viable spring honey bee colony

were standardized as follows: x Honey Bee Colony: A full-sized honey bee colony either in a single or double brood chamber, not

including nucleus colonies (spits); x Viable Honey Bee Colony in spring: A honey bee colony that survived winter, in a standard 10-

frame hive (Langstroth box), with minimum of 4 frames with 75% of the comb area covered with bees on both sides on May 1st (British Columbia), May 15th (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince‐Edward‐Island and Quebec) or May 21st (Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan).

The survey covered all full-sized producing wintered colonies in Canada, but not nucleus colonies.

Thus, the information gathered provides a valid assessment of bee losses and management practices across Canada.

The national percent of winter loss was calculated as follows: Winter loss Percent = Sum of the estimated total colony losses per province in spring 2017 x 100

Sum of total colonies in operation in each province for 2016

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Results The Provincial Apiculturists collected survey data from beekeepers across Canada who own

413 342 honeybee colonies. This represents 53.8 % of all colonies operated and wintered in Canada in 2016-2017. The national average percentage of colony winter loss was 25.1 %. Provincial averages ranged from 13.2 to 41.8 %. The overall national colony loss reported in 2017 is in the middle of reported losses since 2006-2007. The members of the CAPA National Survey Committee for 2017 were: Julie Ferland (chair) Chris Jordan Melanie Kempers Paul Kozak Rhéal Lafrenière Chris Maund Medhat Nasr Steve Pernal Jason Sproule Paul van Westendorp Geoff Wilson

CAPA Statement on Honey Bee Wintering Losses in Canada (2017) is available on appendix 4 CAPA - Core Winter loss survey questions (2017) is available on appendix 4A

MOTION: Motion to accept the National Survey Report as presented. MOVED BY: Paul Kozak SECONDED BY: Heather Higo CARRIED Importation and Bee Movement Report Geoff Wilson Discussion ensued about active risk assessments.

Importation and Bee Movement Report, 2017 The Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists

Although, movement of bees appears to be reduced both in Canada’s international trade and in

interprovincial trade, moving bees continues to be a financial necessity for many in Canada’s beekeeping industry. With the economic benefits, there is also risk of moving and introducing pests and diseases. Most of the circumstances surrounding bee movement remain the same, so only a few highlights will be listed. International Bee Movement

Importation of packages of bees has decreased in 2017 (Page, 2017). Although it cannot be directly linked, the reduction follows the decline in both pollination contracts for blueberries in the east and a reduced price of bulk honey.

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There have been no changes to the international sources of bees, and all issues were minor in nature in 2017 and were dealt with effectively. Currently it appears that emphasis in the upcoming year for this committee will need to be on the evolving bee health situation abroad, particularly Africanized bee genetics from the USA.

Inter-provincial Bee Movement

Movement between provinces continues to be important and is dictated by provincial requirements for bee health. This year, small hive beetles were found in two new provinces in Canada, likely through the interprovincial movement of bees, highlighting the risks of moving bees.

In the upcoming year, the CHC has requested that focus should be placed on developing harmonized bee importation requirements for all provinces. MOTION: Motion to accept the Importation Report as presented. MOVED BY: Amro Zayed SECONDED BY: Chris Maund CARRIED IPM Report Rhéal Lafrenière for Jason Sproule

Integrated Pest Management Report – CAPA 2017 Jason Sproule

Committee members: Jason Sproule (Chair), Geoff Wilson, Paul Kozak, Rhéal Lafrenière, Medhat Nasr, Stephen Pernal, Graham Parsons, Samantha Muirhead, Les Eccles, Tom Thompson, Valerie Fournier, Julie Ferland, Chris Jordan.

This has been a quiet year for the Integrated Pest Management Committee (formerly Chemical Committee). No committee meetings have been held since the last CAPA AGM, although some advancement on specific topics has occurred through the actions of individual members.

1. Increased Veterinary Oversight of Antimicrobials Prior to 2017 Health Canada’s Veterinary Drug Directorate had proposed major changes to the oversight of antimicrobial use in Veterinary medicine, with the overarching goals of preserving efficacy of antimicrobials for human health. This causes some uncertainty as to how beekeepers may access antimicrobials for treatment and prevention of diseases in honey bee colonies. Earlier, the committee held several communications with Health Canada to describe the need for antimicrobial access for beekeepers and the impacts new Veterinary oversight will have on industry and pathology. Nevertheless, increased oversight is something that beekeepers will be facing in the coming years. Little discussion has taken place within the committee this year and some Provinces are beginning to consider how the new requirements may be implemented effectively. The target for implementation of new regulations is Dec 1st, 2018. The committee should resume focus in this area in the coming months.

2. Bayvarol Bayvarol (a.i. flumethrin) insecticide was registered in Canada in late November of 2016. Similar to other conventional miticide strips, Bayvarol is an impregnated plastic strip that hangs between frames in

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brood chambers and provides sustained release of the active ingredient over several weeks. Similar to flumethrin, Apistan (a.i. tau-Fluvalinate) is a group 3A pyrethroid insecticide and so propensity for cross-resistance to occur between these two miticides is high. Resistance to Apistan has been widespread but has also been known to reverse when the product is not used for several years, and when used in conjunction with other non-group 3A miticides as part of an IPM program. It is believed Bayvarol may be used safely and effectively as long as it too is used in rotation. PAs were encouraged to relay concerns of cross-resistance to beekeepers in their respective Provinces and specific wording from Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) was provided for this use. In late August, we received word from Bayer that the global manufacturing team was experiencing production issues and would not launch the shipment of Bayvarol fall 2017 as anticipated. Bayer declined to comment on the specific issue but affirmed the problem is fixable. At the time of this report Bayer could not confirm when the product would be available but is aiming for spring of 2018. A limited supply of Bayvarol (for ~100 hives) was available for testing purposes. PAs and other members of the committee were informed in Late July.

3. HopGuard II A package was submitted to PMRA to register HopGuard II as a biopesticide on July 25th 2017. HopGuard was selected as a biopesticide project at the Canadian Biopesticide and Minor Use Pesticides Priority Setting workshop in March 2014. From there AAFC’s Pest Management Centre (PMC) worked with the registrant (BetaTec) to prepare a submission package. Submission was delayed until this past summer to resolve issues with previous HopGuard formulation and conduct field trials to refine use-pattern and evaluate efficacy in Canada. This work was conducted by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry. A regulatory decision is expected from PMRA within 18 months.

4. Apilife VAR Another potential Varroa miticide: Apilife var (a.i. Thymol, Eucalyptus oil, menthol) is an active biopesticide project with PMC. It was selected as a biopesticide project at the Canadian Biopesticide and Minor Use Pesticides Priority Setting workshop in March (year?). It has curiously remained in the reporting phase for much of this year without advancement. This committee will plan to request a more detailed status update from PMC following this report.

5. Permanone Permanone (a.i. permethrin 10%) is an insecticide registered as a drench for suppression of SHB in soil around honey bee hives. While the registration with PMRA is valid until the end of 2017, Permanone has not been commercially available since 2014. There are other products containing permethrin and given the increase in SHB detections across Canada the committee may discuss the possibility of an emergency use registration for 2018.

6. Bee Repellents A question that appears to be recurring over the years is whether bee repellents for removal of honey supers are required to be registered with PMRA. If not, is another government agency responsible for oversight? The question arose again this year as a potential vendor inquired into the legality of selling Fischer’s Bee-Quick in Canada. Previous statements from PMRA suggest that bee repellents do not fit the definition of pest control products. However, residue limits for honey do exist. An inquiry has again been made with PMRA to clarify what regulatory body oversees this. MOTION: Motion to accept the Chemical Report as presented. MOVED BY: Rheal Lafreniere

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SECONDED BY: Cameron Menzies CARRIED Research Report Leonard Foster The main activity was organising the education day, and full credit goes to Marta Guarna for all her work on that. CHC wants to have a national meeting but we want to talk more about the timing and organisation. The research committee of CAPA is also more than willing to help with Apimondia. Full Research Committee Report in Appendix 5 MOTION: Motion to accept the Research Report as submitted. MOVED BY: Martine Bernier SECONDED BY: Stephen Pernal CARRIED Awards Report Medhat Nasr for Samantha Muirhead

Awards Committee Report 2017

Members: Samantha Muirhead (Chair), Nicolas Tremblay, Paul van Westendorp, Shelley Hoover, Martine Bernier and Rhéal Lafrenière We had 8 very strong applicants for the Student Merit Award. Applicants were as follows: Alison McAfee, Derek Micholson, Ivanna Kozii, Kathleen Glosgow, Nadia Tsvetkov, Nuria Morfin, Marianne Lamontagne-Drolet and Sabrina Rondeau. 5 of the 6 committee members voted, and Alison McAfee ended up with the most votes. The non-voting committee member withdrew themselves from the vote as they had nominated one of the applicants. MOTION: Motion to accept the Awards Report as presented. MOVED BY: Kenna MacKenzie SECONDED BY: Geoff Wilson CARRIED CBRF Report Leonard Foster In 2015-2016 the value of the endowment went up to $580,000. We had just less than $20,000 to distribute for the 2017 year. The request was for more money than we had to distribute, but we funded them, and there are a couple issues:

1) We did not receive many applications this year;

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2) We will get a new CHC representative next year. I will make an announcement tomorrow about the Sidhoo foundation. It is a long story, but the foundation was uncomfortable with some of the conditions attached to having the money flow through the university and they could not find a university that would allow it to be a national scholarship. They have contracted a fund manager to manage it, and the CBRF will make the decision about who to award it to. It is 25-30000 invested over the next 10 years until the principle is $300000. The first award will be $2,500, but it will grow each year. The conditions and terms will be on the CBRF website. In general, it will be a 1 year merit-based award and will require a research proposal to ensure the topic is in the area of pollinators, preferable honey bees. The award is meant to be in addition to other stipends as a top up and recognition. One conversation we need to have is that we have to clearly delineate the difference between the CAPA merit award and this new award. The deadline will be the same as for the CBRF, roughly December 15th. MOTION: Motion to accept the CBRF Report as presented. MOVED BY: Amro Zayed SECONDED BY: Rheal Lafreniere CARRIED Non-Apis Report Not received Publication Sales Report Submitted by Janet Tam, presented by Steve Pernal Steve described the sales outlined in Janet’s report.

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Orders Filled in 2017 = US purchasers= overseas purchasers

UnitsInvoice # Date Purchaser Sold

17-01 20-Jan-16 BCHPA 2017-02 20-Jan-16 Barry Clark 5017-03 20-Jan-16 AB Honey Producers Coop 20017-04 25-Jan-16 U of Manitoba 12517-05 26-Jan-16 Complete Media Supply 1517-06 26-Jan-16 Haley Safnuk 117-07 26-Jan-16 Mann Lake, Hackensack 15017-08 02-Feb-16 Kim Skyrm (MDAR) 517-09 02-Feb-16 John Siebenga 1517-10 16-Feb-16 SBDC 13017-11 16-Feb-16 Don Fowler 2517-12 27-Feb-16 Steve Taylor 117-13 27-Feb-16 Krys Wallbank 117-14 28-Feb-16 Chris Collis 117-15 03-Mar-16 Paul VW - BC Min of Ag 1217-16 04-Mar-16 Elizabeth Kravjanski 117-17 08-Mar-16 Charles Fort 117-18 08-Mar-16 Liz Turner 117-19 08-Mar-16 Diane Dunaway 5517-20 22-Jun-16 Robyn McCallum - ATTTA 8017-21 17-Mar-16 Kamloops Bkprs 5017-22 23-Mar-16 Bates College 917-23 30-Mar-16 Langara College 1717-24 06-Apr-16 Nat'l Bee Diagnostic Centre 617-25 06-Apr-16 U of Sask WCVM 5017-26 26-Apr-16 Rosemary Postey 117-27 26-Apr-16 OBA TTP 10017-28 02-May-17 Jeff Harris 5017-29 02-May-17 Tracy Kittilsen 2517-30 18-May-17 Robert Groves 117-31 18-May-17 Chantale Gaudet-Rice 117-32 26-May-17 Don Fowler 1517-33 26-May-17 MN Dept of Agriculture 317-34 08-Jun-17 Frank Wyatt 1217-35 12-Jun-17 Okanagan Bkpg Supplies 1517-36 28-Jun-17 Mark Winston 117-37 11-Jul-17 Heather Clay 2517-38 21-Aug-17 Andrew Hamilton 1017-39 30-Aug-17 Sue Palubeskie 317-40 06-Sep-17 Jeff Harris 5017-41 26-Sep-17 Complete Media Supply 11

TOTAL: 1344

CAPA Honey Bee Diseases and Pests Publication Sales Report 2017 (3rd Edition)

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MOTION: Motion to accept the Publication Sales Report as submitted. MOVED BY: Amro Zayed SECONDED BY: Rheal Lafreniere CARRIED New Disease Publication Report Steve Pernal A reprint of the English version is required, but we do not need to reprint the French version at this time. I would like to thank Janet Tam and Pierre Giovenazzo for all their work to distribute and ship the manuals. We are also translating it into Spanish. Ernesto Guzman is working on that. Going into Apimondia we would like to have all three versions available. We will look at getting Ernesto some assistance for that, and reprinting the English version. Recommendation was made to merge sales and publication committees together. MOTION: Motion to accept the New Disease Publication Report as submitted. MOVED BY: Rob Currie SECONDED BY: Kenna MacKenzie CARRIED Communication Report Melanie Kempers via videoconference Discussion ensued about how we might be able to change the settings of the directory to private to protect members’ contact information. Mel discussed WordPress not having parameters against google searches. Rob Currie will look into how Entomological Society of Canada does it using WordPress.

2017 COMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE REPORT

Committee Chair: Melanie Kempers Committee Members: Rob Currie, Cameron Menzies, Rhéal Lafrenière, Nicolas Tremblay Stats for 2017:

A large source of traffic seems to come from the US. However, the information states that there was only one session from Canada. I think this may be a mistake. I will be checking the Analytics settings and ensure it’s tracking the information properly.

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2017 Happenings:

In January, there was a lot of indirect traffic to the website from Russia. It was brought to our attention that the site had been compromised and some parts of the site were changed. The webhost cleaned up the site and ensured that the security levels were increased. The spam hits after that were diminished.

Another incident with the site was that the member’s area, although protected by a password, was accessible if a direct link was used or specific set of data was searched for in Google. For this reason,

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the member’s list has been removed until further notice. A list of current members is still available in the latest archived proceedings.

At the beginning of September, a new webhost was hired. The previous host, Brett Gillet of Ei2, was no longer providing managed webhosting services. He recommended a replacement company Kleurvision. This company is now our current webhost. This transfer did not cause any downtime or changes to the website. Plans for 2018:

x Increase traffic to the site by associating key search words with content. x Increase content (I would love suggestions on what you would like to see on the site). x Link CAPA site to provincial organizations through content, news, etc. x Take suggestions from membership for improvement. x Use the site as a storage backup for annual reports and historical documents.

MOTION: Motion to accept the Communication Report as delivered orally. MOVED BY: Paul Kozak SECONDED BY: Heather Higo Africanized Bee Report Amro Zayed Update on Africanized Honey Bee (AHB) in the U.S.: confirmed in San Francisco, based on aggressive bees and mitochondrial tests. Discussion ensued about the NBDC National Survey results that showed positive AHB mitochondrial tests, and if this test was correlated with a morphological test. Using the mitochondrial test only (not in conjunction with a morphological test), 8% of the National Survey samples tested positive (26 apiaries). Ernesto Guzman also blindly tested the bees and confirmed the results that the samples were AHB positive. Amro Zayed tested for AHB nuclear DNA and found no AHB positive. In conclusion, the bees have Africanized mitochondrial genomes and European nuclear genomes. For discussion about these seemingly conflicting results, see text of report for more details. Morphometric tests may not work as well on bees with high level of hybridization, as the ones in this survey. There was also discussion about how clear these results are being reported. Amor explained that the report was clear that the evidence was conflicting, and that we do not believe we have AHB. The proportion of ancestry is low.

Report on Africanized Honey Bees, 2017 Africanized bees and their range in the US

Africanized honey bees (AHB) are a highly aggressive and invasive hybrid strain of honey bees

that is derived from the African honey bee subspecies Apis mellifera scutellata with minor genetic contributions from West and East European honey bee races that were present in South and North America prior to the invasion of AHBs in 1956. The USDA (http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/docs.htm?docid=11059&page=6) has confirmed the existence of

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AHBs in the following states: California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Arkansas, Florida, and Georgia. Some AHB colonies were reported from Alabama and Tennessee, but it is not clear if AHBs have established in these areas. AHBs where recently confirmed in the East Bay area (near San Francisco), suggesting that AHBs are slowly expanding their northern distribution in that state (Kono and Kohn, 2015) Risks to Apiculture in Canada

The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) recently published a “Risk Assessment on the Importation of Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Packages from the United States of America (V13), September 2013.” The CFIA noted that “…AHB presents a threat to the public and animal health, as well as to Canadian beekeeping industry, because of the significant impact on productivities and potential trade issue with live honey bee material”

The CFIA estimated AHBs Entry Risk Probability as “Moderate to High” , Exposure Risk Probability as “Small”, Consequence Risk Estimate as “Moderate”, and overall Risk Estimate as “Low to Moderate”. Annual movement of hives in the US, including from states that are known to have AHB to states that currently do not have AHB continues to be an area of concern for introducing AHBs in Canada. Swarm dispersal across the border is always a possibility, even though there have been no cases of AHB spreading into Canada through that route. Another potential risk factor is the threat of AHBs invading into regions that currently supply most of Canada’s imported queens and bee packages, such as Hawaii, northern California, Chile, New Zealand and Australia. It is therefore important that the surveillance and testing used to monitor the occurrence of AHB around the world continues to be a high priority. Detecting AHBs: mtDNA and morphometrics

There are two methods that are currently used to detect AHBs: Morphometric measurements and mitochondrial (mt) DNA testing. Both methods suffer from some setbacks. First, it is not clear if morphometric measurements are effective at detecting hybrid colonies. Second, mtDNA analysis fail to detect colonies with European queens mated with one or more Africanized drones because mtDNA is maternally inherited – all workers and drones from this colony will carry the European queen’s mitotype. The CFIA’s latest risk assessment noted this: "Certifying populations free of AHB is an issue. The mitochondrial DNA and the morphometric analysis used to identify Africanization in samples of bees are not 100% reliable; mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited, and hybrids might not be detected through morphometric analysis because of the different degrees of hybridization (Guzman-Novoa, 2012)." [citation to Dr. Ernesto Guzman’s CAPA AHB report, 2012] and "No further developments in identification methods have occurred; testing will not accurately detect the presence of Africanized stock in bee populations or packages." Detecting AHBs: SNPs

In 2015, a new test for detecting AHBs was developed by Dr. Ben Oldroyd (University of Sydney Australia) and Dr. Amro Zayed (York University) that uses 96 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

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SNP markers reside in the nuclear genome, are bi-parentally inherited, and should allow for estimating a continuous degree of Africanization (i.e. 0 to 100% African, versus mtDNA which provides a binary answer such as African or not African). The test, along with the sequences for the SNP markers and the procedure for testing bees, was published in two peer-reviewed journals (Harpur et al., 2015, Chapman et al., 2015). In Canada, a 25% African ancestry was empirically determined to be the threshold for classifying bees as AHBs (>25% African ancestry) or non AHB (<25% African ancestry).

The test has been shown to accurately (>>95%) detect AHBs vs. typical European managed bees in the US, Australia (Chapman et al, 2015), and Canada (Harpur et al, 2015). The Australian Government is currently assessing the use of this SNP test for screening imported honey bee semen (Dept. of Agriculture and Water Resources, Australian Government. Importation of Honey Bee Semen: Draft policy review. 2015; http://www.agriculture.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/biosecurity/riskanalysis/current-animal/draft-policy-review-importation-honey-bee-semen.pdf)

Currently, the cost of genotyping a single bee at 96 SNPs is substantial ($15 to $20). While suitable for testing semen, certifying colonies as AHB-free would require genotyping many individuals. A honey bee queen mates with 15 to 25 different males. Considering, a European queen mated with 1 out of 20, 2 out of 20, or 5 out of 20 African drones; the probabilities of detecting this level of Africanization if a SINGLE worker was tested are: 5%, 10% or 25% - too low to be acceptable (Zayed, analyses based on the binomial distribution. unpublished). Genotyping 50 workers would substantially improve the odds of detection to: 92.3%, 99.4%, and 99.9% respectively. However the cost of testing this many bees will be $750 to $1000 per colony. A recent study showed that 37 SNPs (out of the original 96 SNPs) can be used to study the ancestry of unknown honey bees, which reduces the cost of the SNP assay by one half to one third (Chapman et al., 2017).

A large scale applied research project funded through Genome Canada (Foster and Zayed, 2015) was recently announced and is expected to improve the cost effectiveness of this assay. The timeline for the updated test is 2 - 4 year. Nevertheless, it is important to lay the groundwork for recognizing SNP-based tests for AHBs as a potential CFIA’s importation requirements. It is also important to CFIA to work with our queen suppliers to be prepared to meet this new requirement without disruption of queen imports. SNPs are becoming the ‘gold-standard’ for genotyping, and the current SNP test is significantly more accurate relative to its more historical counterparts. AHBs in Canada

In 2016, the Canadian National Honey Bee Health Survey (https://www.gprc.ab.ca/doc.php?d=2016NHBHS), carried out by the National Bee Diagnostic Centre, tested bees from 314 apiaries (British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebéc and the Yukon Territory) for African ancestry using a mtDNA assay (see detecting methods, above); the mtDNA tests were positive for Africanization in 26 apiaries (8.2%) and across all sampled provinces and territories. These samples where then independently analysed with a nuclear SNP test (see detecting methods, above); all samples tested negative for Africanization (i.e. had African ancestries below the 25% threshold; they ranged between 0.6 to 15.9%). Two possibilities can explain these conflicting results: 1) The mtDNA AHB test is reflecting African but not A. mellifera scutellata ancestry in our Canadian bees. Previous researchers have found African ancestry in managed honey bees from Canada, Australia, and

http://www.agriculture.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/biosecurity/riskanalysis/current-animal/draft-policy-review-importation-honey-bee-semen.pdf

http://www.agriculture.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/biosecurity/riskanalysis/current-animal/draft-policy-review-importation-honey-bee-semen.pdf

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Central/Northern US that may reflect importation of North African and Middle Eastern honey bees in the early 1900’s (Harpur et al., 2015). 2) A number of AHB queens were accidently introduced into Canada; daughters of these queens hybridized with European colonies. This process, combined with selection against aggressive colonies, can over time lead to honey bees that have a mostly European nuclear DNA but an African maternal DNA.

Additional work is needed to better understand and put into context the results of the Canadian National Honey Bee Health Survey. Particular, additional tools that specifically track A. m. scutellata ancestry, and not generic African ancestry, would be very useful for interpreting the results from mtDNA and SNP testing. Mitigation plans

It is important to continue to treat the risk of importing AHBs seriously. It is recommended that CAPA, CFIA, and provincial authorities collaborate to ensure that plans are in place to mitigate the risk of accidentally importing the highly invasive and aggressive AHBs into Canada; these plans should use the best tools for detecting AHBs. Provincial Apiary Programs should also develop protocols and strategies for responding to suspected or confirmed cases of AHB. Moreover, it is important to work with major exporting countries to ensure that the international queen bee supply chain is not contaminated with AHB genetics. It is important to note that the annual movement of hives in the US, including from states that are known to have AHB to states that currently do not have AHB, substantially increases the risk of introducing AHBs in Canada. Additionally, consideration should be given for developing a National AHB surveillance system and pest response plan within Canada. It is also important for the beekeeping industry and regulatory body across Canada to consider alternatives for queen sources if African bees have become a problem in regions that supply queens to Canada. CHAPMAN, N. C., BOURGEOIS, A. L., BEAMAN, L. D., LIM, J., HARPUR, B. A., ZAYED, A., ALLSOPP, M. H., RINDERER, T. E. & OLDROYD, B. P. 2017. An abbreviated SNP panel for ancestry assignment of honeybees (Apis mellifera). Apidologie. CHAPMAN, N. C., HARPUR, B. A., LIM, J., RINDERER, T. E., ALLSOPP, M. H., ZAYED, A. & OLDROYD, B. P. 2015. A SNP test to identify Africanized honeybees via proportion of 'African' ancestry. Molecular Ecology Resources, 15, 1346-55. HARPUR, B. A., CHAPMAN, N. C., KRIMUS, L., MACIUKIEWICZ, P., SANDHU, V., SOOD, K., LIM, J., RINDERER, T. E., ALLSOPP, M. H., OLDROYD, B. P. & ZAYED, A. 2015. Assessing patterns of admixture and ancestry in Canadian honey bees. Insectes Sociaux, 62, 479-489. KONO, Y. & KOHN, J. R. 2015. Range and Frequency of Africanized Honey Bees in California (USA). PLoS One, 10, e0137407. MOTION: To accept the Africanized Bee Report as presented MOVED BY: Geoff Wilson SECONDED BY: Leonard Foster CARRIED

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Archives Report Rob Currie The archives are currently online in the form of digitised proceedings on the website. There are holdings related to the full meeting of Apimondia that was in Vancouver British Columbia, held in the library at Simon Fraser University. I will try to scan the newsletters from the 70’s-80’s and upload them. MOTION: Motion to accept the Archives Report as presented MOVED BY: Amro Zayed SECONDED BY: Kenna MacKenzie New Business Medhat Nasr

1. Honourary Membership Nominations: Rob Currie nominated Gard Otis for honourary membership, and submitted a letter of support detailing Gard’s contributions to CAPA (Appendix 6). Rob also sent a letter of nomination describing Gard’s involvement with CAPA and activities as a member. Gard has been involved in CAPA in many ways, including committee activities, on the executive of CAPA, with Apimondia ’99, and currently as the master of the CAPA list-serve. MOTION: To accept the honourary membership to Gard Otis MOVED BY: Rob Currie SECONDED BY: Kenna MacKenzie CARRIED Rhéal Lafrenière nominated Chris Jordan for honourary membership. Chris was an active member of the association on committees and the executive. He had a background in berries and wholeheartedly adopted apiculture. Chris has now moved on to another position within the PEI government. There was a discussion about how honourary membership is usually offered to people further in their careers who are retiring. However the feeling was that if the contributions merit honourary membership then it should be awarded. MOTION: To accept the honourary membership to Chris Jordan MOVED BY: Rhéal Lafrenière SECONDED BY: Medhat Nasr CARRIED Medhat Nasr nominated Peter Kevin for honourary membership. Medhat outlined Peter’s activities to raise the profile of pollinators and pollinator research within Canada. Peter is also a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. MOTION: To accept the honourary membership to Peter Kevin MOVED BY: Medhat Nasr SECONDED BY: Geoff Wilson Not Carried

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There was a discussion about the intent of the CAPA honourary membership. It is intended to award members for their long-term service and contribution to CAPA. Although Peter’s contributions to science and honey bee research have been remarkable, his nomination for CAPA honourary membership was withdrawn. Action item: New secretary to draft a letter for new President to send to honourary members that they are now honourary members.

2. Tech transfer team reports to CAPA: It was discussed that it would be valuable to solicit reports from the tech transfer teams for the AGM. It was suggested that we focus this report in some manner to make it as informative as possible. It could be a format similar to the research report. Similar to the PA and research reports, we could get the tech teams to put together a standardised template. Action item: new secretary to add this to the call for reports and solicit reports from all tech teams. MOTION: Motion to form a Tech transfer committee which will develop a template and

produce the report. MOVED BY: Nicolas Tremblay SECONDED BY: Cameron Menzies CARRIED

3. Market Access (Geoff Wilson) We had a couple shipments that got refused entry to China because of AFB spores in honey in jars destined for human consumption. Phytocertifications were issued based on inspections and lack of visual inspections. The honey is still sitting in China since June. All the information that we have from China is that the honey was rejected because of the presence of AFB spores in honey. We have been working with the marketing access secretariat but have been unable to get any information on what tests were used, and levels of AFB detected. We have received only the information that they use “the OIE document”, but this document covers many tests. We have followed up with testing methods, and sent samples to the NBDC from the same lot. In these samples, the spore counts were extremely low to not present. For the lack of response, China seems to be setting up a trade barrier. SK now requires visual inspection and clean laboratory results for a phytocertification. A discussion followed about the information requested from China to all provinces. All provinces were contacted by CFIA to provide information in May. CFIA requested highly detailed information, including information concerning veterinary services, the personnel involved, and accredited laboratories. When the provinces requested more information on the request, there was no answer. The provinces also felt that it was extremely difficult to comply with this request and that the information was not necessarily appropriate to release.

4. Antimicrobial Policy (Medhat Nasr) Health Canada proposed changes about a year ago. It is going well and PAs are trying to be involved in the process. CHC tried to get an exemption but they were denied. These changes will be implemented in stages. Provinces will each determine how to implement in their own province. Provinces will work through the process and develop a proposal document ready for consideration by December.

31

Discussion ensued about how harmonisation works in theory, but there are differences among the provinces that can make it difficult. At a high level it may be possible. We will leave it with the IPM committee.

5. Bilingual documents: English and French (Robyn McCallum) We have received a lot of complaints in NB for not having all our materials in both official languages. I do not have a motion, but I would like CAPA to consider producing all documents in both languages.

Currently, the winter loss report is released in both languages, as is the disease manual.

It was suggested that we add a French translation to the website, maybe a French/English button.

Action item: Presentation materials, meetings, and promotions to be examined by the next executive, and Mel Kempers to look into getting a French version for our website in cooperation with French speaking members.

6. National Meeting (Medhat Nasr)

Discussion ensued about the timing of the next possible National meeting, where and how often this meeting should occur, if every year or every second year. CHC is meeting in January 2018, which is too soon for CAPA. Their next meeting would then be in January 2019, shortly after Apimondia Montreal. There was concern that this date would be too soon after Apimondia. For January 2019, Ottawa is the city proposed.

Discussion ensued about meeting models. It was agreed that CAPA supported the idea of a large National Meeting with a consistent time of year, likely January. There was a discussion about the location of the meeting. If we meet in a different city every year, new beekeepers get exposed to different regions, and the attendees get a flavour of the region. If the meeting is in the same city every time, people may be less inclined to go there year after year. Moving the meeting from city to city would help keep interest. There was support among the membership to move it around.

There was a question about if we want to take on the role of organising the meeting, which will influence the frequency of meetings.

Action item: New President, secretary, and a member from the research committee to form a “task force” to work with CHC on this.

7. Veterinarians applying for membership

It was discussed that we have veterinarians as members already, and that their eligibility to membership is related to their activities in apiculture. The key is how much one is involved in apiculture. If they are just dispensing or selling a prescription, then they are not considered as involved in apiculture. Further discussion revolved around their ability to dispense advice to beekeepers. It may be advantageous to get veterinarians involved, as some will be the primary contact for beekeepers with regard to pathogen control.

MOTION TO: Geoff Wilson, Julie Ferland and Amro Zayed to examine bylaws in light of this

discussion with regards to membership MOVED BY: Medhat Nasr SECONDED BY: Paul van Westendorp

32

CARRIED Proposed Budget 2017 Budget Committee – presented by Rob Currie It was noted that there will be more changes to the 2017 budget coming because we have not reached the fiscal year end yet. We will also require some changes to the approved financial statement. We will need to ask the executive to meet to finalise the 2017 budget; and for 2018, we can tentatively approve a budget pending an approved 2017 budget. Rob discussed details of the 2017 and 2018 budgets. One large expense will be reprinting the disease publication. This reprinting (+ shipping) will cost us about $20,000, which is what we budgeted for. This year we have expenses for two meetings, Galveston and Kelowna. In 2017 we budgeted $30,000 for the CBRF, so we will try to pay that this fiscal year, 2017. We also need to do our 2016, 2017 HST filing, and we will owe for that. REVISED 2017 CAPA Proposed Budget 2017Oct25Actual (Preliminary)

GIC Term Deposit Opening Balance $10,412.94 Actual $10,454.59Term Deposit $10,227.89 Actual $10,231.70Community plan plus $22,778.05 $22,778.05PAYPAL -$1,526.87 -$16,563.37 Actual $15,036.16

$41,892.01 Actual Total $58,500.50Account Opening Balance (1 January 2016)

January 09 2017- 31 December 20182018 2017REVENUE

Memberships 100

50 Full (40) $2,000.00 1320+600 $1,920.00 2x 15 for 201733 for 20185 Associate (20) $100.00 120+200 $320.00 2x 10 for 2018 and 6 for 2017

Meetings Galveston $0.00 $5,250.0030 Kelowna AGM fees $90 $0.00 $2,700.00 $2,700.00 30 full and 1 student

Publications (approx 2200 copies X $10/copy plus shipping) $22,500.00 $18,237.16 2965.64 pubs to be paidTerm interest $5.00 $3.81GIC interest $20.00 $41.65

revenue total $24,625.00 $28,472.62Expenditures

Publications printing $20,000.00 0.00S/H charges (all editions, reimbursement to Janet Tam) $7,000.00 1,856.91Shipping honorarium (Janet Tam) $150.00 $0.00 109.18

Meetings AGM Kelowna $0.00 2700 2,608.78 estimate invoiceAGM Galveston $0.00 >>>>>> 5675 4,691.40 >>>>> 500USD (691.09CAD) deposit paid in 4691 500

IBRA Donation (2016) $500.00 1,000.00 2016 and 4691.40CAD final bill paid in 2017Student Merit Award $0.00 600 cash award plus travel expense3,228.37 1400 Student Presentation Award $0.00 0.00Misc. (cards, postage, etc) $55.00 0.00Website Hosting $420.00 385.00 474.6 420 plus HST for 2018Banking Fees (includes PayPal) $200.00 256.35Travel of Executive to Meeting $2,000.00 900.00Consult with Accountant, advice, consult, not formal audit (~40hrs X $100/hr?) $4,000.00 ????? 0.00Donation to CBRF $0.00 30,000.00Holding for Apimondia effort or give to CHC $20,000.00 0.00HST payment $700.00 0.00

expenditures total $55,025.00 $45,035.99revenue-expenditures -$30,400.00 -$16,563.37

Investments at start of year $22,778.05 investments $20,686.29Cash at start of year including paypal$21,251.18 cash and paypal$37,814.21Revenue $24,625.00 Revenue $28,472.62Expenses $55,025.00 Expenses -$45,035.99Total money at end of 2017 $13,629.23 Money end of2017$41,937.13

33

Action item: The outgoing and incoming treasurer will look carefully at the membership dues and determine which members have outstanding dues and contact them to collect the dies. MOTION: Motion to: 1) have the incoming treasurer work with the executive to meet in

the new year to approve the final completed financial statements for 2017 and make adjustments to the 2018 budget as required; and 2) that the membership accepts the budget and tentatively approves the financial statement for 2017 with the proviso that the executive approves it.

MOVED BY: Rob Currie SECONDED BY: Marta Guarna CARRIED MOTION: Motion to set the 2018 CAPA membership fees at $40 Full Membership, $20

Associate Membership. MOVED BY: Shelley Hover SECONDED BY: Rheal Lafreniere CARRIED Election of Officers Rhéal Lafrenière Nomination Chair Steve Pernal called for nominations for the positions of President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer. The following nominations were received from the floor: Nominations for President: Shelley Hoover, Nominated (Elected). Elected by acclamation. Nominations for Vice-President: Geoff Wilson, Nominated Les Eccles, Nominated (Elected) Nominations for Secretary Renata Borba, Nominated (Elected) Mel Kempers, Nominated David Ostermann, Nominated Nominations for Treasurer: Martine Bernier, Nominated (Elected) Stephen Page, Nominated Elections to the Executive of CAPA for 2017/18 included one president, two vice-presidents, three secretaries, and two treasurers. MOTION: Motion made to destroy the ballets. MOVED BY: Rhéal Lafrenière SECONDED BY: Rob Currie

34

CARRIED President Shelley Hover presented the Past-President award to Medhat Nasr and thanked him for all his work as President of CAPA for the past four years. Committee Selection Shelley Hover President Shelley Hover reviewed the membership of each Committee and revised accordingly with input from the membership

2018 CAPA EXECUTIVE & COMMITTEES

Executive Shelley Hoover President

Les Eccles Vice-President Medhat Nasr Past-President Renata Borba Secretary Martine Bernier Treasurer

Standing Committees

IPM Jason Sproule Chair Geoff Wilson, Paul Kozak,

Rhéal Lafrenière, Medhat Nasr, Stephen Pernal, Graham Parsons, Samantha Muirhead, Les Eccles, Tom Thompson, Valérie Fournier, Anne Leboeuf, Julie Ferland

Importation and Bee Movement Geoff Wilson Chair

Rob Currie, Ernesto Guzman Paul Kozak, Medhat Nasr Les Eccles, Graham Parsons, Carlos Castillo All Provincial Apiculturists ex officio

Research Leonard Foster Chair Paul van Westendorp, Ernesto Guzman Pierre Giovenazzo, Les Eccles, Heather Higo Rassol Bahreini, Marta Guarna, Amro Zayed, Carlos Castillo, Valerie Fournier, Robyn McCallum

Awards Samantha Muirhead Chair

Martine Bernier, Tracey Smith Nicolas Tremblay, Rhéal Lafrenière Paul van Westendorp

35

CBRF Committee Leonard Foster Chair Paul van Westendorp Board Rep: Rhéal Lafrenière

Ad-Hoc Committees Publications Janet Tam Chair

Steve Pernal, Pierre Giovenazzo Nicolas Tremblay

Tech Transfer Nicolas Tremblay Chair Team Daniel Borges, Hanna Neil, Robyn McCallum, Miriam Bixby Les Eccles Archives Rob Currie Chair

Melanie Kempers, Mark Winston

Non-Apis Paul van Westendorp Chair Pollinators Rob Currie, Robyn McCallum

Geoff Wilson, Lora Morandin, David Ostermann, Patricia Wolf-Veiga, Kenna MacKenzie, Medhat Nasr, Nicolas Tremblay

Editorial Stephen Pernal Chair Disease Rob Currie, Ernesto Guzman, Publication Nicolas Tremblay Communications Melanie Kempers Chair

Rob Currie, Cameron Menzies Rhéal Lafrenière, Nicolas Tremblay

National Winterloss Julie Ferland Chair

Survey Stephen Pernal, Melanie Kempers Rhéal Lafrenière, Anne LeBoeuf, Cameron Menzies

Medhat Nasr, Geoff Wilson, All Pa’s Africanized Bee Amro Zayed Chair Medhat Nasr, Steve Pernal Rhéal Lafrenière, Geoff Wilson, Carlos Castillo Les Eccles, Paul Kozak, Ernesto Guzman Apimondia 2019 Pierre Giovenazzo Chair Steve Pernal, Shelley Hoover,

Paul van Westendorp Meeting adjourned on January 11 2017 at 08:46. Moved by Shelley Hoover, seconded Paul Kozak.

36

Appendix 1: AAFC Beekeeping and Honey – Production and Trade National Overview Stephen Page

Source:Source:Kelowna, British Columbia, 2017

Beekeeping and Honey –Production and Trade

National Overview

BCHPA

Canadian Honey Council

CAPA – October 2017

Stephen PageSector Specialist

Horticulture Division, AAFC

Source:

• No new info on honey production and beekeeping since we last met.

• Updated queen and package bee import stats.

• Fresh import/export stats.

Source:

Honey Price per Pound by Province in 2016

$2.75$2.87

$2.30

$3.29$3.05

$1.38$1.20

$1.49

$4.67

$1.71

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

Can

adian

$ / lb

.

PEI NS NB QUÉ ONT MAN SASK ALTA BC Canada

Statistics Canada

37

Source:

$84,916

$105,184

$126,253

$144,197 $150,691

$176,206 $181,283

$209,241 $210,484

$157,800

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

$ '00

0s

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Value of Canadian Honey

Statistics Canada

Source:

31,48929,444

31,983

37,124 36,284

41,254

34,75837,071

41,823 41,901

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

Met

ric T

onne

s

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Canadian Honey ProductionQuantity (Metric Tonnes)

Statistics Canada CANSIM Table 001- 0007

Source:

Provincial Honey ProductionQuantity (Metric Tonnes)

Statistics Canada

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

Met

ric T

onne

s

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

PEI NS NB QUE ONT MAN SASK ALTA BC

38

Source:

Canadian Honey Bee Colonies

615,541570,070 592,120

620,291 637,920690,037 667,397

696,252726,008 750,155

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

Num

ber

2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Statistics Canada

Source:

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Num

ber

PEI NS NB QUÉ ONT MAN SASK ALTA BC

Statistics Canada

Honey Bee ColoniesNumber by Province

Source:

Canadian Average Yields Pounds per Colony

118 114119

132125

131.5

114.6 117.5126.7 122.9

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Poun

ds p

er C

olon

y

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Statistics Canada

39

Source:

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Poun

ds p

er C

olon

y


Provincial Average YieldsPounds per Colony

Statistics Canada

Source:

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

Num

ber

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

7,0287,7137,403

8,3128,489

8,898 8,615

9,859

7,313

Number of Canadian Beekeepers

Statistics Canada

6,931

Source:

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Num

ber


Number of Beekeepersby Province

Statistics Canada

40

Source:

Canada-Number of Colonies per Beekeeper

81 82 84 84 83 8379 79

8476

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Numb

er

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Statistics Canada

Source:

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Num

ber


Number of Colonies per Beekeeper · by Province

Statistics Canada

Source:

Average Canadian Honey Price per Pound

1.041.22

1.621.79 1.77

1.89 1.94

2.37 2.472.29

1.71

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Cana

dian

$ /

lb

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Statistics Canada

41

Source:

Honey Imports to Canada,

2017 August and

YTD

August Total August 2017 YTDC$ KG C$ KG C$/lb C$/lb

Country 4,087,814 763,291 29,111,482 4,890,067 $ 2.43 $ 2.71 Brazil 869,982 147,673 4,892,832 812,582 $ 2.68 $ 2.74

Mexico 15,123 2,486 3,115,547 612,060 $ 2.77 $ 2.31 Spain 587,168 134,400 2,229,927 532,006 $ 1.99 $ 1.91 India 368,989 103,730 1,613,378 408,510 $ 1.62 $ 1.80

Myanmar 86,723 40,200 724,739 364,804 $ 0.98 $ 0.90 United States 233,545 34,795 1,662,467 289,900 $ 3.05 $ 2.61

Australia 492,540 53,833 2,464,475 270,132 $ 4.16 $ 4.15 Thailand 193,676 56,607 1,068,084 269,851 $ 1.56 $ 1.80 Ukraine 61,376 20,010 788,115 264,033 $ 1.39 $ 1.36

Viet Nam 239,370 101,206 583,822 253,452 $ 1.08 $ 1.05 New Zealand 577,588 12,664 6,255,344 202,303 $ 20.73 $ 14.05

Greece 152,288 28,836 889,752 133,315 $ 2.40 $ 3.03 Germany 0 0 564,277 123,936 $ 2.07

Saudi Arabia 82,199 9,642 841,753 93,098 $ 3.88 $ 4.11 Cuba 0 0 132,897 39,607 $ 1.53

Argentina 0 0 131,897 38,401 $ 1.56 Turkey 0 0 104,144 25,928 $ 1.83

Russian Federation 0 0 88,082 25,852 $ 1.55 Zambia 4,498 600 121,638 19,685 $ 3.41 $ 2.81 Hungary 90 20 90,204 13,303 $ 2.05 $ 3.08 Portugal 45,494 4,725 107,910 11,311 $ 4.38 $ 4.34 France 2,359 523 81,877 8,994 $ 2.05 $ 4.14

Republic of Moldova 0 0 49,432 8,115 $ 2.77 Austria 5,612 2,223 47,144 6,646 $ 1.15 $ 3.22 Poland 4,177 464 43,476 6,143 $ 4.09 $ 3.22

Pakistan 6,765 3,420 35,553 5,480 $ 0.90 $ 2.95 Taiwan 33,650 2,913 38,630 4,608 $ 5.25 $ 3.81 Israel 0 0 68,455 4,549 $ 6.84

Romania 0 0 38,821 4,440 $ 3.97 Croatia 14,580 1,936 29,160 3,880 $ 3.42 $ 3.42

Italy 312 59 29,558 2,015 $ 2.40 $ 6.67 Netherlands 0 0 31,271 1,921 $ 7.40

China 0 0 7,486 1,468 $ 2.32 South Africa 0 0 9,700 1,198 $ 3.68

Algeria 0 0 800 1,115 $ 0.33 Bulgaria 0 0 4,620 1,000 $ 2.10

Switzerland 0 0 11,871 824 $ 6.55 United Kingdom 433 23 2,005 243 $ 8.56 $ 3.75

Source:

2017 to date

Average Price per Pound

EXPORTS C$ KG

TOTAL 55,814,922 14,083,644 $ 1.80 United States 44,492,718 11,659,991 $ 1.73

Japan 8,698,915 1,982,182 $ 1.99 China 1,402,254 217,249 $ 2.93

South Korea 525,305 107,326 $ 2.22 Hong Kong 358,813 57,955 $ 2.81

India 123,974 21,450 $ 2.63 United Arab Emirates 63,854 11,513 $ 2.52

Switzerland 36,180 6,572 $ 2.50 Barbados 34,014 6,123 $ 2.53

Kuwait 23,449 4,468 $ 2.39 Turkey 19,720 3,005 $ 2.98 Taiwan 7,356 1,337 $ 2.50

Bermuda 7,352 1,032 $ 3.24 Singapore 5,374 977 $ 2.50 Lebanon 6,713 840 $ 3.63 Pakistan 2,216 412 $ 2.44

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1,745 260 $ 3.05 Saudi Arabia 1,400 255 $ 2.50

Germany 1,197 209 $ 2.60 France 973 171 $ 2.59

Cayman Islands 530 159 $ 1.52 Venezuela 870 158 $ 2.50

Honey Exports

from Canada,

YTD 2017

Source:

To: Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Average

US $ 1.67 $ 1.56 $ 1.71 $ 1.79 $ 1.81 $ 1.87 $ 1.80 $ 1.85 $ 1.73

Japan $ 1.89 $ 2.26 $ 1.86 $ 1.94 $ 2.00 $ 2.07 $ 2.09 $ 2.05 $ 1.99

China $ 3.25 $ 2.73 $ 3.06 $ 4.47 $ 2.55 $ 2.44 $ 2.49 $ 2.88 $ 2.93

Average Honey Export prices in C$, to Aug 2017

42

Source:

$0

$2,000,000

$4,000,000

$6,000,000

$8,000,000

$10,000,000

$12,000,000

$14,000,000

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

Value of all bees imported(C$)

Total Value of Honey Bee Imports into Canada ($ Cdn)

Source:

Value of Queens and Package Bees Imported to Canada

$0

$1,000,000

$2,000,000

$3,000,000

$4,000,000

$5,000,000

$6,000,000

$7,000,000

$8,000,000

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

QueensPackage

Source:

Queen Imports – Quantity Canada, 2002 – 2017, Source Stats Canada Trade Data

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

Quantity of queens

43

Source:

Queen Imports – Price per queen

Canada, 2002 – 2017, Source Stats Canada Trade Data

$0.00

$5.00

$10.00

$15.00

$20.00

$25.00

$30.00

$35.00

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

Price per queen

92% of queens imported in 2017 were from the U.S.

Source:

• Working with AAFC Stats/Stats Can to dig into issue of whether transportation is effectively isolated from honey trade prices.

• There may be an opportunity to break out export stats in future by container size by creating a new high level HS category – reduce distortions for capturing bulk honey export prices

• BHRT new Co-chair, Kathleen Donahue has a trade background, could be helpful

• Updated Economic Contribution of Honey Bees for upcoming overview – canola has grown from $8 B to $12, raising value (current draft estimate is the range of $3.96 to 7 billion)

• New Fed Prov Ag Program suite will be rolled out, explore opportunities for honey, notably Apimondia 2019

Source:

Bee Health Roundtable

• Varroa Mite Control – Eyes on developments in acaracides• Control of Pesticide Exposure – How to reduce bee poisonings (Oregon-

type) document, this fiscal• Minor Use – Advanced approval of some products, Hopguard II• Research – Developed ‘Priority’ Document• Communications – Ongoing, guided distribution plans• Habitat and Surroundings - Planting Guide, condensed • Nutrition – Proposed project to explore supplemental feeding

products/micronutrients• Best Management Practices (BMPs) - Released

Upcoming meetingsSteering Committee, Fall 2018Next full meeting will take place on January 24, 2018 in Ottawa

44

Appendix 2: PMRA Report. Update on Pollinators Janice Villeneuve

Update on Pollinatorsupdate to:Canadian Association of Professional ApiculturistsOctober 27, 2017

Janice VilleneuveActing Section HeadEnvironmental Assessment DirectoratePest Management Regulatory Agency, Health Canada

Outline• Update on in-hive products

• Update on reported pollinator incidents– Process for reporting of pollinator incidents – Number of incidents reported between 2012 and 2016– Assessment of information collected and planned documents

• Update on pollinator re-evaluation– Preliminary pollinator risk assessment– Planned documents– Cyclical re-evaluation of neonicotinoids

In-hive productsProduct Name Active Ingredient Pests ControlledBayvarol 3.6 mg flumethrin VarroaMite Away Quick Strips 46.7% formic acid Varroa, Tracheal mitesFormic acid 65% formic acid Varroa, Tracheal mitesFormic acid 65% for use with mitegone ready to fill and use kits

65% formic acid Varroa, Tracheal mites

Tracheal Mite Treatment 65% formic acid Tracheal mitesOxalic Acid Dihydrate 99.65% oxalic Acid Varroa mitesThymovar 15 g thymol per wafer Varroa mitesApistan 10.25% fluvalinate-tau Varroa mitesCheckMite+ 10% coumaphos Varroa mites, small hive beetleApivar strips 3.3% amitraz Varroa mitesPermanone Multi-purpose 10% 10% permethrin Small hive beetlePerm-Up 384 g/L permethrin Small hive beetle

Antibiotics: fall under vet drugs and are not regulated by the PMRABee repellent: not considered a pesticide as used to “herd livestock”

45

Process for reporting of pollinator Incidents• Beekeepers contact designated provincial representative

– Representative determines if the reported effects may be pesticide related and informs HC-RORB/PMRA if appropriate

• Exceptions– Ontario: OMAFRA will inform HC-RORB/PMRA of all reports

from beekeepers– Quebec: MAPAQ takes the lead on all pesticide related bee

incidents including residue analysis of samples• Information provided to HC-RORB/PMRA

Note: by reporting to HC-RAPB/PMRA that is considered a report of the incident and the beekeepers do not have to report through the on-line voluntary reporting form.

Pollinator Incidents: Provincial ContactsRegion Provincial contact RAPB Regional

managerIRP Provincial Network

Representative

BC Paul van Westendorp (Provincial Apiculturist) Kelly Walker Graham Knox (BC MOE)

AB Medhat Nasr (Provincial Apiculturist) Nasila Ali Vivianne Servent (MOE)Nasir Shaikh (MOE)

SK Geoff Wilson (Provincial Specialist in Apiculture) Bill Maksymetz Richard Wilkins (Agriculture)

MBRhéal Lafrenière (Provincial Apiarist)

Nasila Ali, actingPratisara Bajracharya(Agriculture)Krystal Penner (Conservation)David Ostermann (Pollination Apiarist)

ON Agriculture Information Contact Centre (OMAFRA) Linda McIntosh Roberto Sacilotto (MOECC)

Scott Olan (MOECC)

QC Julie Ferland (Médecins Vétérinaire) Johanne LafortuneChristine Rioux (MDDELCC)Pierre Antoine Theriault(MAPAQ)

NS Jason Sproule (Bee Health & Minor Use Co-ordinator)

Donald Bourgeois (Atlantic Region Manger)

Donald Burns (MOE)

PEI Lynda MacSwain (Manager) Shauna Mellish (Agriculture)Thane Clarke (MOE)

NB Chris Maund (Provincial Apiarist) John Antworth (MOE)NFLD Karen Kennedy (Provincial Apiarist) Karen Linfield (MOE)

Pollinator Incidents: Pesticide Spray Incidents

• Spray incidents constitute a small percentage of the reported bee mortality incidents annually – (3–13%) nationally

• Variety of pesticides implicated/detected in samples

(cypermethrin, dimethoate, spinosad, spinetoram, pyraclostrobin, carbendazim, pyrimethanil, fenhexamid, boscalid, fludioxonil, myclobuanil, tetraconazole, trifloxystrobin, quinoxyfen, thiophanate-methyl, cyprodinil, spiromesifen, acetampirid, captan, myclobutanil, diazinon, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, phosmet, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, permethrin, chlorantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

# of

bee

yar

ds re

porti

ng s

pray

inci

dent

s

46

Pollinator Incidents: Reported during corn and soybean planting

• 85-97% of reports were from Ontario

• 2014: Requirement for use of dust-reducing fluency agent

• 2014 to 2016: 70 – 92% reduction in during-planting incidents compared to 2013

• Symptoms – mainly dead bees0

50

100

150

200

250

300

# of

uni

que

bee

yard

s in

cor

n/so

y gr

owin

g re

gion

Pollinator Incidents: Reported post-planting in corn and soy growing areas

• 81-100% of reports from Ontario

• Post-planting incidents began to be reported in 2013, increased in 2014, lower in 2015 and 2016

• Symptoms - mainly colony effects (colony not developing as expected, dwindling, low population, low number of foragers, queen loss, issues establishing queens)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

# of

uni

que

bee

yard

s in

cor

n/so

y gr

owin

g ar

eas

Pollinator Incidents: Assessment of individual bee yards• What is the likelihood of exposure?

– Location of bee yard relative to the suspected pesticide application– Timing of effects in relation to the suspected pesticide application– Pesticide residues levels (if available)

• How reasonable is it that the effects were caused by the reported exposure?– Similar symptoms have been observed in laboratory or field studies or other

incident reports– Consistency of symptoms with onset and duration of reported effects

• Route, duration and magnitude of exposure• Timing of report in relation of pesticide application

– Other potential factors• Pests and pathogens, weather conditions, bee husbandry, etc.• Other pesticides than suspected

47

Pollinator Incidents:Planned PMRA Documents

• Analysis of honey bee incident data across all years 2012-2016– Causality for each incident- likelihood related to pesticides– Trends and factors contributing to bee incidents– Expected completion: 2018

• Hive Monitoring Project 2014-2015– Monitoring: pre-plant, during-plant, post-plant, late season– Hive health information (colony health parameters, viruses, diseases)– Surrounding agriculture and pesticide residues in environment and colonies– Working closely with Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Ontario Ministry of

Environment and Climate Change– Expected completion: 2018

Neonicotinoid Re-evaluation: PollinatorsPlanned PMRA Documents

• Clothianidin and Thiamethoxam pollinator re-evaluations– Proposed Decision (for consultation): December 2017

• Imidacloprid pollinator re-evaluation– Re-evaluation of Imidacloprid- Preliminary Pollinator Assessment

(REV2016-05)• Published for consultation January 2016

– Proposed Decision (for consultation): Early 2018

Pollinator Risk Assessment• Pollinator Risk Assessment Framework

– Tiered framework: lower tiers more conservative, higher tiers more realistic– Honeybee as a surrogate for pollinators, with available non-Apis bee

information also considered and incorporated into the risk assessment– Considers available registrant submitted data and data from the open scientific

literature– Weight of Evidence Approach: considers all information and uncertainties

• Risk incorporates both toxicity and exposure, exposure is affected by:– Crop attractiveness

• Does crop have an available pollen and/or nectar source? • Is the pollen and/or nectar bee attractive?• Is the crop harvested prior to bloom? (if yes, there is no available pollen/nectar?)

– Label restrictions• Are there label restrictions that affect potential for exposure? (e.g., no application

during bloom, pre-bloom restrictions, post-bloom only)

12

48

Neonicotinoid Re-evaluation: Cyclical• Initiated as per Section 16 (2) of the Pest Control Products Act

– Initiated no later than one year after fifteen years have elapsed since the most recent decision

• Imidacloprid cyclical re-evaluation (PRVD 2016-20)– Human health and environmental assessment (excluding pollinators)– Proposed decision (for consultation): 23 Nov 2016 to 21 Feb 2017

• Phase-out of all agricultural uses and a majority of other outdoor uses– Addressing comments received: Decision expected 2018

• Clothianidin and Thiamethoxam cyclical re-evaluation (REV2016-17)– Human health and environmental assessment (excluding pollinators)– Initiated: November 2016

Neonicotinoid Re-evaluation: Special Review• Initiated under section 17 (1) of the Pest Control Products Act

• Clothianidin and Thiamethoxam special reviews– Preliminary analysis - levels & frequency of detection in aquatic

environments– Focus on aquatic invertebrates– Initiated: November 2016– Expect Proposed Decision (for consultation): Spring 2018

49

Appendix 3: Provincial Apiarists Reports British Columbia

PROVINCIAL APIARIST(S):

BEEKEEPING STATISTICS

Number of Beekeepers

Number of Producing Colonies

Average Yield/Colony (kgs) & (lbs)

Total Estimated Crop (Kgs x1000) & (lbs x1000)Colonies Wintered (2016-17)Estimated Percent Winter Mortality (%)

INSPECTION STATISTICS

Wintering comments:

Inspection comments:

Production comments:For example: honey production statistical data collection and information synopsis (3 paragraphs).

3,464 202

GENERAL COMMENTS

Sharp rise in winter mortality to 31% (compared to 18% in 2016). Losses have been primarily attributed to prolonged winter and extremely poor spring conditions. A significant portion of beekeepers lost their colonies prior to winter (fall 2016) which is suspected to be the result of ineffective Varroa control and applied too late in the season. High viral loads in the wintering population may have hastened colony collapse.

Apiary inspection services were delayed by poor weather conditions. Generally, beekeepers experienced slow colony build-up. Disease incidence was not noticably different from previous years. Large scale surveys of Small Hive Beetle in spring and summer failed to produce any specimen. One single find confirmed in an apiary near the Canada-US border. Infestation eradicated.

Huge forest fires for most of the summer season had a devastating impact on beekeepers throughout much of BC's interior. Even beekeepers in areas not directly affected by forest fires experienced production shut-down because of persistent smoky conditions. A joint federal-provincial program has been set up for ag. producers including beekeepers to off-set their losses. Commercial beekeepers have reported higher than normal EFB incidence an poor colony build-up after blueberry pollination services. Similar experiences have been reported in previous years. This has led to the development of a research project to determine a correlation between EFB and blueberry pollination services. Some areas, notably Vancouver Island reported the best honey crop in the last 20 years.

Number of Colonies Inspected

Number of Beekeepers Inspected

For example: provincial winter survey results synopsis (3 paragraphs).

For example: inspection program priority setting, disease inspection and analysis synopsis (3 paragraphs).

2,600

40,275

To Be Submitted Later

2017 PROVINCIAL APIARIST(S) ANNUAL REPORT

To Be Submitted Later

39,800

31%

Paul van Westendorp

50

Alberta 2017 ALBERTA PROVINCIAL APICULTURIST ANNUAL REPORT

Dr. Medhat Nasr Alberta Provincial Apiculturist

Crop Diversification Centre North, Crop Research and Extension Division 17507 Fort Road, Edmonton, AB,

Canada T5Y 6H3 Tel: (780) 415-2314 Fax: (780) 422-6096 Mailto:[email protected]

Provincial Apiarist: Dr. Medhat Nasr

A. Beekeeping Industry Statistics

. No. of Beekeepers 1591 . No. of Producing Colonies 315,128 . Average Yield/Colony (lb/kg) 130 lb/59.0 kg . Total Estimated Crop (lb/Kg x1000) 40.2 mil lb /18.2 mil kg . Colonies Wintered Last Year 302,908 . Average Winter Mortality (%) 28.8%

B. Diseases and Pests

Disease/Pest Number of Colonies Number of Apiaries Inspected Disease Incidence (Percentage)

Inspected AFB 450 60 1.7

EFB 450 60 0.001

Chalkbrood N/A

Sacbrood N/A

Tracheal Mite N/A

Varroa Mite Average infestation was 1.5% in a sample of 300 bees washed using a Varroa Shaker

Other Pests 512 beehives imported from Ontario without a permit were inspected for Small Hive Beetle

(SHB). Nine SHB were found in 5 apiaries. Other Pests 5028 bee colonies moved from British Columbia were inspected for SHB. Small Hive Beetle was

not found in hives moved from BC. C. Comment:

x Winter mortality: - Beekeepers with 400 colonies or more were surveyed in spring 2017. 61.6% of the

surveyed beekeepers responded. The total number of colonies owned by the respondent beekeepers was 193,290. Overall the average winter mortality for the province,

mailto:Mailto:[email protected]

51

weighted by number of colonies reported by responded beekeepers, was 28.8%. This reported winter mortality is the highest in the past 5 years.

- The winter conditions of 2016/2017 were unpredictable. As early as March, winter

mortality was estimated at 10%. However, April was the coldest April in 20 years, especially in the Northwest, Northeast and Peace River regions. As beekeepers fed bee colonies pollen patties for early spring buildup, the produced brood was chilled and bee colonies suffered from high nosema infections. Additionally in some operations, the fall treatment of Varroa mites was too late after honey extraction in the fall, consequently, these colonies died by early winter.

- 2016/2017 winter bee colony losses may be attributed to one or a combination of potential

causes reported by beekeepers. Beekeepers ranked causes of winter mortality from the highest to lowest possible causes as follows: 1) ineffective Varroa mite control, 2) winter and early spring poor weather conditions, 3) Nosema, and 4) weak colonies in the fall due to late splits.

x Beekeeping Industry and Management:

- In 2016 the number of registered beekeepers increased to 1591. The number of bee colonies reached 315,128. This number has doubled since 1987 when the reported number of colonies was 147,000.

- The distribution of beekeepers and bee colonies by regions is summarized in the

following table.

Region Number of Total Number Of

% Bee Colonies

in the Province

Beekeepers Colonies

1 203 84220 26.7 2 580 31568 10.0 3 157 39316 12.5 4 534 86896 27.6 5 116 73128 23.2

Grand Total 1591 315128 100

- The pedigreed hybrid canola seed production industry continues to grow in Southern Alberta. Alberta Beekeepers this year supplied about 72,000 colonies for canola pollination. The average fee for renting a bee colony was approximately $170-180/colony.

x Bee Pests and Disease:

x American Foul Brood (AFB): - The inspection of bee colonies across the province was conducted as a part of

the Alberta Apiculture Surveillance program.

- American Foul Brood (AFB) was found in a few (1.7%) commercial operations.

52

- Starting December 1, 2018 Antibiotics will not be available over the counter for use by beekeepers. A prescription by veterinarians is required for beekeepers use as needed.

x Small Hive Beetle (SHB):

The annual inspection for SHB was conducted in 5028 bee colonies. These colonies were returning to Alberta from British Columbia. The inspection included visual inspection of top bar and the bottom board of bee colonies for SHB. Inspections included bee colonies that were going to be moved to pollination fields in southern Alberta and had been in British Columbia. SHB was not found in any colonies imported from British Columbia, or any other local- non-migratory bee colonies that were included in the Alberta routine inspections.

- Alberta Quarantine of SHB infested bee colonies in Peace River:

x In spring 2017, two SHB were found in a bee operation in the Peace River Region of Alberta. The operation imported 512 bee colonies from Ontario without the proper written permission (permit) as required by the Bee Act and Regulations.

x As a result, a quarantine area was established. This quarantine area restricts the

movement of bee colonies out of the region. 14 beekeepers have been impacted within the quarantined area.

x Inspection of the affected 512 colonies was conducted through the summer and fall. By the end of September 2017, 9 SHBs were found in 5 different apiaries.

x Investigation showed that the bees brought to Alberta had originated from an operation infested with SHB, and not an apiary that was SHB-free, as claimed and shown in an inspection report issued by Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.

x Inspection of bee colonies that were 15km away from the bee yards where the SHB infested bees from Ontario were located showed that SHB was not detected. The quarantined bee colonies in the core zone where infested Ontario bees and other adjacent local bee colonies (2500 bee colonies) are located, are not allowed to move out of the core zone. However, 6000 bee colonies in the surveillance zone were accepted to move for wintering to British Columbia. Once these colonies return back to Alberta, they will be placed back in the quarantine surveillance zone.

x Quarantine is extended until October 1, 2018. Further inspections will commence in spring 2018. If the SHB is not found in two consecutive inspections, the quarantine zone may be reduced.

x European Foul Brood (EFB) like symptoms: - In mid-July several beekeepers in Peace River reported a decline in populations in bee

colonies and an outbreak of EFB-like symptoms persisted in brood combs. Investigation was carried out and bee brood was sampled for analyses. It appeared that all of these colonies were used for blueberry pollination or close to blueberry field in B.C. There may be a correlation between these symptoms and in-crop-fungicide-used at a time when the bees were foraging. This issue continues to be under investigation.

53

x Parasitic Mites and Nosema:

- Survived bee colonies were quite strong in 2017. However, the populations of bee colonies infested with nosema kept dwindling through spring. Beekeepers had to treat with fumagillin in the spring. Once the nosema levels of infestation was brought under control, the colonies started to rebuild the population.

- Apivar continued to show good results in many operations. Alberta Agriculture highly recommends that beekeepers treat on time using the proper dose (One Apivar strip for every five frames covered with bees). Beekeepers must continue monitoring Varroa mite populations to ensure that bees are going to winter with less than 1% Varroa infestation.

Note

If you plan to move or purchase bees, queens or used equipment from any other province please

contact the Provincial Apiculturist to issue Alberta Government permit for allowing bees, queens or used bee equipment into Alberta.

If you are importing bees or queens from other country, please contact the Provincial Apiculturist and email a copy of the CFIA permit to issue Alberta Government permit for allowing bees or queens into

Alberta.

AB is obligated under the Bee Act and Regulations to take necessary actions if bees, queens or used bee equipment are imported to Alberta from any Province without a Permit.

For more information, please check Alberta Bee Act and Regulations:

http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/acts6032

http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/%24department/deptdocs.nsf/all/acts6032

54

Saskatchewan Number of beekeepers 1044 estimate Colonies 115,000 estimate Yield stats - not yet available Colonies wintered 112,000 Winter mortality 23.4% Colonies inspected 2160 Beekeepers inspected 110 Winter comments Varroa and Nosema biggest disease issue April was largest impact on mortality Inspection comments Commercial beekeepers appear to be reducing antibiotic use so incidence appears to be increasing Varroa are an increasing concern, mite levels were elevated in the fall so follow-up was taken with a Pettis test for resistance - indications are that partial resistance to Amitraz is present or developing. Production comments It's too soon for honey statistics - not all data is collected Early information is that the crop is varied by region, some areas too dry, resulting in a poor crop, some were too wet also resulting in a poor crop, while other areas had above average crops

55

Manitoba




Number of Producing ColoniesAverage Yield/Colony (kgs) & (lbs)Total Estimated Crop (Kgs x1000) & (lbs x1000)Colonies Wintered (2016-17)Estimated Percent Winter Mortality (%)


Wintering comments:



3756

• 2016-17 appears to be relatively low year for losses, where average winter loss including spring culls up to May 21, 2017 was calculated to be 16.8%. This calculation was based on the sixty (60) replies we received back from the e-mail and mailed-out surveys.

• In terms of number of colonies represented in the calculation, I received data from 36,328 full colonies and 5,717 nuclear colonies, for a total of 42,045 colonies. For a detailed report on winter losses in Manitoba, please go to

Summer 2017 MBA Newsletter, Vol 12, issue 3, page 7-10

• The inspection program priority is to inspect all commercial beekeeping operations (>50 colonies) every two years and non commercial beekeeping operations every four years.

• The inspection program is contracted out to Daryl Wright Consultant and the annual agreement is to inspect approximately 4000 colonies per year.• Five (5) cases of AFB were identified through the inspection program and corrective measures are being taken to control the spread of the disease.

• Honey production was average in 2017, with strong honey production in July and lower production in August in the Eastern portion of the province, where as the West had a slower start to the season but overall had a longer season.

• Reports of higher than expected varroa mite levels in the fall along with reports of concerns of Apivar resistance were met with some resistance testing in the fall but given the lateness in the season further testing will be done next spring.

• The results of the resistance tests conducted in the fall revealed that Apivar was providing 80+% control but Apistan control was highly variable and that in many cases provided <50% control.

GENERAL COMMENTS



2017 PROVINCIAL APIARIST(S) ANNUAL REPORT -MB

Rhéal Lafrenière (provincial Apiarist) and Daryl Wright (Bee Inspection Consultant)


746

111,802

77.6 Kg (171 lbs)

8,674 kg (19,118)

102,030

16.8

138


56

Ontario








Wintering comments:


Production comments:





97,342 (as of Dec 31, 2016)

27%


Ontario - Paul Kozak - Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

3,351 (as of Oct 13, 2017)

105,431 (as of Oct 13, 2017)

Not Available

Not Available

For example: honey production statistical data collection and information synopsis (3 paragraphs).

7,686 brood chamber 21,420 top bar inspections

(as of Oct 10, 2017)

322 Beekeepers 724 unique beeyards (as of Oct 10, 2017)

•The level of winter loss reported by commercial beekeepers was 27% (provincial estimate). Small-scale beekeepers reported 29% winter loss. •Broken down by operation size beekeepers with 501 to 1000 colonies had the lowest level of winter loss (15.4%). Beekeepers with less than 10 colonies had the highest (35%) - not included in the provincial statistics based on the definition of target population from CAPA.

•The main reasons identified for winter loss by commercial beekeepers were poor queens, then starvation, then weak colonies in the fall. A more extensive winterloss report for ON has been written.

• AFB= 24 beeyards (3.3% of those inspected); 87 colonies (1.1% those inspected). EFB was found below 1% in inspections. Varroa levels over the season have not been analyzed at this time.

•SHB was detected in 18 new locations (1 Haldimand, 11 Niagara, 5 Norfolk, 1 Timiskiming Counties) outside of the Quarantine Area. Although larvae have been seen in some positive sites, it was documented at low levels.

•The ON Apiary Program is conducting a provincial monitoring program (32 yards, 3 visits, 6 colonies) to screen for varroa levels and multiple pathogens. This overlaps with a pollen monitoring program (pesticide residues) led by the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change.

•From early spring to Aug there were frequent periods of rain leading to high levels of swarming. Cool weather during this time likely contributed to further reports of reduced honey crops throughout much of Ontario. Warm weather in late Sept to early Oct resulted in a late honey flow for some beeekepers. At present, official honey statistics are not yet available as the Ontario Honey Survey is still being conducted (distributed on Oct 15, 2017).

GENERAL COMMENTS

57

Report on Small Hive Beetle Inspection Activities for the 2017 Beekeeping Season in Ontario: [Data as of October 10, 2017 –further inspections are taking place in late October]

[The details of the Standard Operating Procedures are not included in this report and, in additional to Best Management Practices and other materials, may be available by request.]

Case definitions have been developed for the colony and yard levels:

x Infested colony: A colony is infested where a SHB specimen is found (in any life stage and number) by visual inspection and confirmatory testing at the Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph.

x Infested yard: An infested yard is considered positive (infested) for SHB when the yard has at least one SHB infested colony present or SHB has been present in the past (and not depopulated). An infested yard may include a marshalling yard or any temporary yard or holding area for bees and/or bee equipment. An infested yard must have a registration number (with the Apiary Program registry). In specific cases, a single location may have honey bee colonies from two different beekeepers, either at the same time or at different times. In these cases, there would be two positive yards if there is the same physical address. The colonies would have two different beeyard IDs. A beeyard may also be an indoor facility (extraction facility or storage of beekeeping equipment) and the associated address where SHB has been confirmed, even if there are no honey bee colonies at the site. A beeyard is considered to be infested as long as colonies (or beekeeping equipment) are located at the premises.

x Field Diagnosis: Suspect cases of SHB are determined by visual detection of any stage of the pest (larva or mature adult), typically in either in the hive or in the soil surrounding the colony.

x The protocol for examining honey bee colonies for SHB is included in the Standard Operating Procedures (Standard Operating Procedure for Apiary Inspectors – Opening, Handling and Inspecting Live / Dead Honey Bee Colonies and Standard Operating Procedure for Apiary Inspectors – Small Hive Beetle Sampling).

x Apiary inspectors have two methods of detecting SHB: top bar inspections and brood nest inspections. The visual detection is confirmed by PCR diagnostics. In past surveillance (2010 to 2015) a variety of traps were used to detect small hive beetles (Kozak 2011).

o Although these traps had varying degrees of success, they required multiple visits to a beeyard by inspection staff and presented some increased risks in biosecurity. Visual detection by top bar and brood nest inspections are now the standard as they have sufficient accuracy and are more efficient allowing for the inspection program to cover a greater number of colonies and locations. The visual detection is confirmed by PCR diagnostics.

x Direct field experience in Ontario (apiary inspectors and beekeepers) and literature suggests that SHB adults are more numerous and easier to detect towards the end of the beekeeping season, in fall (de Guzman et al. 2010)

Further protocols and Best Management Practices have been developed for different activities related to the presence of SHB:

(These protocols have undergone a variety of iterations due to new information becoming available, experience from the field, changing goals, resource implications).

x Standard Operating Procedure for Apiary Inspectors – Biosecurity (focus on AFB and SHB) x Standard Operating Procedure for Apiary Inspectors – Opening, Handling and Inspecting Live / Dead

Honey Bee Colonies

58

x Standard Operating Procedure for Apiary Inspectors – Small Hive Beetle Sampling

Table 1. Table of Small Hive Beetle finds in Ontario (2010 to Oct 10, 2017):

Year County/Region (Municipalities)

Total Cases

Estimated source of infestation

Fate of colonies

2010 Essex County (Essex; Harrow; Amherstburg; Kingsville; Tecumseh; Windsor)

16 Geographic proximity to established population, MI, USA

Managed by beekeepers – Detainment Orders initially issued, lifted after the establishment of the Quarantine Area

2011 Essex (Essex; Leamington)

2 (different yards from 2010)

Geographic proximity to established population, MI, USA

Managed by beekeepers

2011 Chatham-Kent (Chatham-Kent)

1 Geographic proximity to established population, Essex, ON

Detainment Orders issued. Moved into the Quarantine Area – overseen by the Apiary Program

2011 Lambton (Sarnia) 2 Geographic proximity to established population, MI, USA

Detainment Orders issued. Depopulated – overseen by the Apiary Program

2011 Stormont, Dundas and Glengary

1 Geographic proximity to established population, NY, USA – Apiary located along the St. Lawrence River

Detainment Orders issued. Voluntarily moved into the Quarantine Area – overseen by the Apiary Program

2011 Dufferin (Shelburne) 2 Traced to a sale of a beekeeper within the Quarantine Area (Essex)


2012 Essex (LaSalle) 1 Geographic proximity to established population, MI, USA

Managed by beekeeper

2012 Chatham-Kent 1 Geographic proximity to established population, Essex, ON

Detainment Orders issued. Voluntarily moved into the Quarantine Area – overseen by the Apiary Program

2012 Lambton (Sarnia) 1 Geographic proximity to established population, MI, USA


2012 Dufferin (Adjala-Tosorontio)

1 Traced to a sale of a beekeeper within the Quarantine Area


59


Total Cases


Fate of colonies

(Essex) 2012 Simcoe (Lisle) 1 Traced to a sale of

a beekeeper within the Quarantine Area (Essex)


2012 Niagara (Niagara) 2 Geographic proximity to established population, NY, USA


2013 Essex (Tecumseh) 1 Geographic proximity to established population, MI, USA

Managed by beekeeper

2013 Chatham-Kent (Chatham, Merlin, Blenheim)

5 Geographic proximity to established population, Essex, ON

Detainment Orders issued. Voluntarily moved into the Quarantine Area and depopulated – overseen by the Apiary Program

2014 Niagara 1 Geographic proximity to established population, NY, USA


2015 Niagara 25 Geographic proximity to established population, NY, USA and / or movement within Niagara, ON

Detainment Orders issued. Managed by beekeeper. No depopulation of colonies. Beekeepers are required to submit Movement and Biosecurity Plans. Those that require movement have orders lifted.

2016 Niagara 16 Geographic proximity to established population, NY, USA and / or movement within Niagara, ON


2016 Norfolk 3 Traced to movement of a SHB positive beekeeper (originally from Niagara)


2016 Chatham-Kent 2 Geographic proximity to established population, Essex, ON


2017 Niagara 11 Geographic proximity to established population, NY, USA and / or movement within


60


Total Cases


Fate of colonies

Niagara, ON 2017 Norfolk 5 Traced to

movement of a SHB positive beekeeper (originally from Niagara)

Detainment Orders issued. Managed by beekeeper. No depopulation of colonies. Beekeepers are required to submit Movement and Biosecurity Plans.

2017 Haldimand 1 Traced to movement of a SHB positive beekeeper (originally from Niagara)


2017 Timiskaming 1 Traced to movement of a SHB positive beekeeper (originally from Niagara)


Small Hive Beetle Distribution in Ontario:

Small Hive Beetle Distribution in Ontario 2017 (Accessed Oct 10, 2017: http://www.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=40f8961d0ae54f5eae0393b0dc4bd945) Summary and Context of Regulatory and Surveillance Activity and Distribution of SHB in Ontario:

61

2017: 7,686 colonies inspected by brood chamber and 21,420 by top bar inspections. 322 individual beekeepers and 724 individual beeyards were inspected (as of Oct 10, 2017)

x 18 yards positive for SHB outside of the Quarantine Area to date (11 in Niagara; 5 in Norfolk; 1 in Haldimand; 1 in Timiskiming) x 1st in Haldimand is linked to one of the two large operations in Niagara x 2 other large operations from Niagara (one with >1,000 colonies and one with ~10,000

colonies) are both found positive with SHB x Of these one has self-reported SHB in northern Ontario (first case in this region)

o 1st operation in Timiskiming found with SHB. This operation originates in Niagara Region

x Follow up inspections conducted in summer and fall including in Grey and Bruce counties. No SHB detected in either of these counties.

2016: Monitoring for SHB still conducted. x 21 yards positive for SHB outside of the Quarantine Area (16 in Niagara; 3 in Norfolk; 2 in Chatham-

Kent counties) x More positive yards in the 2 very large commercial operations in Niagara (>5,000 colonies;

>100 yards) found to be positive for SHB x Including 3 positive yards in Norfolk County due to movement of the pest within the positive

operation and between regions x All positive yards in 2015 are detained by order, no colonies are depopulated, No depopulation

of colonies. Beekeepers are required to submit Movement and Biosecurity Plans. Those that require movement have orders lifted.

x Follow up with operations (clarification on documentation) and follow up inspections occurs. 2015: Monitoring for SHB still conducted. 8,822 colonies inspected

x 25 yards positive for SHB outside of the Quarantine Area (all in Niagara) o 2 very large commercial operations in Niagara (>5,000 colonies; >100 yards) found to be

positive for SHB o Inspection Program increases surveillance in Niagara (15 km radius of NY border) o AHWB consults (including technical and economic considerations) with the OBA on a series

of options o OMAFRA develops the revised SHB Management Strategy o AHL develops molecular diagnosis for SHB (becomes standard practice for confirmation of

specimens in Ontario ) o All positive yards in 2015 are detained by order, no colonies are depopulated, no

depopulation of colonies. Beekeepers are required to submit Movement and Biosecurity Plans. Those that require movement have orders lifted.

2014: Monitoring for SHB still conducted. 1,405 locations (numerous were duplicates), 14,336 colonies inspected

o 1 yard positive for SHB outside of the Quarantine Area (1 in Niagara) o Positive yard outside the Quarantine Area was detained by order and the beekeeper

voluntarily depopulated the colony o No further finds in Dufferin or Simcoe counties

2013: Monitoring for SHB still conducted. 876 individual locations, 11,346 colonies inspected x 6 yards positive for SHB outside of the Quarantine Area (5 in Chatham-Kent, 1 in Niagara Region)

o All positive yards outside the Quarantine Area were detained by order and the beekeeper voluntarily moved (into the Quarantine Area) or depopulated the colony

o No further finds in Dufferin or Simcoe counties (operation inspected extensively) o SHB not found in Niagara, including the largest commercial operations in Niagara which

were inspected for pollination

62

o 1 new yard positive for SHB within the Quarantine Area 2012: Monitoring for SHB still conducted.

x The monitoring included more top bar inspections which allowed for large numbers of colonies to be examined with less handling time. Monitoring activity aligned more closely with other program priorities (regulatory inspections).

x 876 individual locations, 355 individual beekeepers, 12,655 colonies inspected, representing 31,000 colonies (those present in the yards), numerous yards were monitored repeatedly throughout the season to examine traps (top bar and bottom board traps)

o 6 yards positive for SHB outside of the Quarantine Area (2 in Niagara Region, 1 in Chatham-Kent, 1 in Lambton, 1 in Dufferin, 1 in Simcoe, counties)

o First detection of SHB in Niagara o The two positive sites in Dufferin and Simcoe were part of the same operation that was

followed up through the trace-out in 2011 o All positive yards outside the Quarantine Area were detained by order and the beekeeper

voluntarily moved (into the Quarantine Area) or depopulated the colony o 1 new yard positive for SHB within the Quarantine Area

2011: Ministry designates the Quarantine Area for SHB in ON (Essex and part of Chatham-Kent counties). x Industry was consulted on the options for Quarantine Area x Broad scale surveillance takes place over ON 7 regions, 24 counties, 244 individual locations, 123

individual beekeepers, 426 colonies inspected, representing 4,006 colonies (those present in the yards), numerous yards were monitored repeatedly throughout the season to examine traps (top bar and bottom board traps)

x 6 SHB positive locations outside of the Quarantine Area (1 in Chatham-Kent; 2 in Lambton; 2 in Dufferin; 1 in Stormont, Dundas and Glengary)

o The positive yard in Dufferin was found through monitoring following up with a trace-out (beekeeper that purchased bees from a beekeeper within the Quarantine Area)

o The positive yard in eastern Ontario was along the St. Lawrence river, in close proximity to New York State

x All positive yards outside the Quarantine Area were detained by order and the beekeeper voluntarily moved (into the Quarantine Area) or depopulated the colony

x 2 new SHB positive locations within the Quarantine Area 2010: First detection of SHB in Ontario in fall, broad surveillance conducted over ~2 months, covering 226 apiaries and known trace-outs.

x 15 bee yards were found positive and detained with an order. All positive locations were found in Essex County.

o Specimens confirmed by taxonomist at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (method for each case until 2015)

o USDA Beltsville, MA Honey Bee Diagnostic Lab provided molecular analysis on the specimens confirming they were the haplotype found in the continental USA (instead of those found in Australia)

Author: Paul Kozak Provincial Apiarist Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs Animal Health and Welfare Branch 1 Stone Road West, 5th Floor NW Guelph ON N1G 4Y2

63

Quebec








Wintering comments:






68 310 colonies (estimate calculated from the 18,3% winter mortality)

18,3% on May 15th (CAPA report)


Julie Ferland (QUÉBEC)

992 registered / 277 (10 colonies and +)

57 743 colonies registered as declared on the 2017 registration / 55 620 (10 colonies and more)

36,5kg / 78,3 lbs per productive colony (estimation by ISQ)

2 045,1 metric tons (estimation by ISQ)

4362 inspected / 13 499 colonies present 131 (any kind and reason of inspection/visit included)

2016-2017 Provincial winter survey results not still available at this moment

Winter has not been so hard but spring weather has been very cold, rainy and long. Many beekeepers lost colonies until Mid June, data collected at May 15th doesn't reflect reality in Québec because mortality

The majority of inspections are carried out by request of beekeepers who suspected a disease or a problem in their hives or who need a health attestation by our bee veterinarians. Small hive beetle (SHB) surveillance is the only one mandatory surveillance in Québec. Notification of SHB infestation is mandatory in Québec since 2012. For 2017, active surveillance for SHB was again carried out in southwestern Québec along the U.S. (Montégérie-Ouest) and Ontario (Pontiac and Vaudreuil-Soulange) border during the summer (with Centre de Recherche en Science Animale de Deschambault). 604 hives inspected by visual inspection (1331 hives present in apiaries) located in 69 apiaries owned by 24 beekeepers. No adult beetle was found in this active surveillance. 242 hives of this active surveillance have been included in a pilot research project for determine honeybee diseases prevalence in the 3 monitored regions.

1 SHB positive case had been reported in Québec in late november 2016 (self-report by hobbyist beekeeper very close to the USA border in Montérégie). Isolation order has been issued in November 2016. Complete inspection was conducted in spring 2017 and adults (3) and larvae (3) were found in 2 hives in this apiary. Control measures and interventions have been take for control the infestation and currently no hives are still in this apiary and no hives can be placed on this site until spring 2018. For the moment, the more plausible source is a beetle flying over the US border. Inspection of every apiary in a 10 km radius around the infested apiary has been carried out and no SHB found.

GENERAL COMMENTS

64

Quebec (cont.)


Based on ISQ (Institut de la statistique du Québec) report for 2016 season (published on 2017 June), total honey production reach 2 045,1 metric tons for the first time since 1998 in Québec For 2017, based on beekeepers comments, honey production will be one of the lowest in several years (but we will wait ISQ report for confirm that with more confidence).

We investigated suspected cases of bee poisoning by pesticides as reported by beekeepers (mainly targeting acute poisoning). For 2017, the reported incidents were distributed mostly in May and June except one case in July (during cranberries pollination). 6 suspicions related to 10 apiaries led to an investigation by MAPAQ staff. In 3 of these suspicions, the concentration of pesticides in bees was high enough to explain, at least partially, the observed acute mortality. The following pesticides were found: Neonicotinoids (2 cases), Spinosad (1 case).

Our lab performed 147 bacterial culture for research of Paenibacillus larvae, 11 positive cultures was obtain from 3 different operations and American foulbrood was confirmed in these 3 operations (positive culture + clinical signs). All strains of cultured P. larvae are tested for resistance. No AFBr strain was detected in 2017. Lab performed 148 bacterial culture for research of Europeen foulbrood (M. plutonius ). 43 positive cultures was obtain from 15 different operations (with clinical signs). Acarapis woodi was searched in 140 samples (27 different operations, 2 positives with low infestation in the same operation). We performed 262 Nosema spores count from 68 operations (221 positives counts). We performed 38 PCR analyzes for determine Nosema species from 10 different operations (N. ceranae alone in 33 samples, N. apis combined with N. ceranae in 3 samples).

Inspection comments: For example: inspection program priority setting, disease inspection and analysis synopsis (3 paragraphs).

65

New Brunswick






Wintering comments:


Production comments:





15,488

17.6


Chris Maund

374

13,958

(13.6 kgs) (30 lbs)

(81.65 kgs) (180 lbs)

For example: honey production statistical data collection and information synopsis (3 paragraphs).

502 59

•The top four main causes of winter mortality were: 1) do not know, 2) starvation, 3) weak colonies in the fall, 4) other.

•Fifty percent of beekeepers treated for Varroa in the spring of 2016. The top 2 controls were:1) Oxalic acid, 2) Apivar. Eighty-two perecent of beekeepers treated for varroa in the summer / fall of 2016. The top two controls were: 1) Apivar, 2) Oxalic acid. Further details are in the CAPA Statement on Honey Bee Wintering Losses in Canada (2017). •Most beekeepers use Fumagillin in the fall for Nosema. Oxytetracycline is used for prevention of American foulbrood.

•Monitoring for general honey bee diseases: 502 colonies from 59 beekeepers. There were no diseases found, except four beekeepers had colonies with high levels of varroa due to ineffective IPM. •Top bar and inner cover inspection survey along NB border adjacent to Maine: 99 colonies from 17 beekeepers. Result: No small hive beetles found. •The small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida (Murray), was found in NB for the first time (1 June, 2017) in colonies imported from Ontario for blueberry pollination. The SHB was later found in NB colonies belonging to 7 out of 12 beekeepers which had been within 3 km of the SHB infested ON colonies. One of these beekeepers also had an apiary which was 5 km away which also became infested with the SHB. Details are in a separate report in the CAPA proceedings.

•Honey production is estimated at 70% of the yearly average due to the extremely low amounts of rain (and subsequent reduction in nectar) in the summer but the fall honey flow was good. Some major commercial beekeepers were contacted for the estimate. A newspaper article mentioned that NB had the eighth driest summer since the late 1800s when rainfall measurements began in NB.

•The number of beekeepers and the number of producing colonies is the total number of beekeepers and colonies registered in the spring of the current year and in the previous three years. The estimate of the total honey production is estimated on only the colonies producing surplus honey. An estimated 6,000 colonies produced surplus honey in 2016.

GENERAL COMMENTS

66

Monitoring for the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray, in New Brunswick honey bee colonies in 2017

Andrew Byers (Apiary Inspector), Gerry Brisbois (Apiary Inspector), Fletcher Colpitts (Chief Apiary Inspector - DAAF), Mary Colpitts (Apiary Inspector - DAAF), Jesse Chiasson (Business Growth Officer; Apiary Inspector

– DAAF), Chris Maund (Integrated Pest Management Specialist (Entomologist) and Provincial Apiarist – DAAF), Michel Melanson (Blueberry / Apiculture Specialist; Apiary inspector – DAAF)

Introduction: The small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida Murray, and suspected SHB larvae were found for the first time in New Brunswick (NB) on 1 June, 2017. Some larvae were quite mature (up to 8 mm long). Mature SHB larvae reach a length of 9.5 mm (J.D Ellis and A. Ellis, 2016). The first report in NB was from Ontario (ON) honey bee colonies, imported from one Ontario beekeeper for wild blueberry pollination in the Acadian Peninsula (northeastern NB). Adult beetles were confirmed to be Aethina tumida Murray by staff at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Entomology - Coleoptera Unit, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6. New Brunswick colonies within 3 km of the ON beekeeper’s colonies were quarantined and permitted to be returned to isolated apiaries near their home apiaries, maintained in quarantine, and monitored for the SHB. These colonies belonged to twelve NB beekeepers. Monitoring began on 6 July, 2017 and ended on 11 September, 2017. During the survey, colonies from five additional NB beekeepers were also monitored as they had colonies which became suspected of being infested with the SHB due to the proximity of their colonies to the locations of colonies from the twelve beekeepers. Materials and Methods: Accepted biosecurity precautions were followed for monitoring the SHB. The inspector’s vehicle was parked with windows and doors closed at a minimum of 10 meters from the apiary. During inspections, a disposable suit (DuPont™ Tyvek® Coveralls) was worn by all inspectors as well as a pull over veil (Dancing Bee, Port Hope ON). Disposable latex gloves or only bare hands were used during inspections. Hands were disinfected with household wipes (Lysol® Disinfecting Wipes). Post inspection, all suits and gloves were placed in a secure bag and frozen (> 24 hours; -20°C) prior to disposal. Between beekeeping operations, disinfection of footwear and hive tools was achieved by spraying with antibacterial kitchen cleaner (Lysol® Antibacterial Disinfectant) and flame, respectively. Inspection step one (of four): The sample size consisted of no fewer than 15% of hives, selected at random to achieve a minimum of 10 hives per apiary. An inspection sticker was stapled to each sampled hive to facilitate identification during subsequent inspection stages. The entrance of each sample hive was gently smoked. An initial “top bar plus” inspection was carried out by two inspectors. (“Top bar plus” means an inspection of the top bars of the top super and under the inner cover plus the top bars of all the other supers and brood chambers.) Firstly, the outer cover was removed but kept in close proximity, e.g. inverted on top of neighboring hive. The inspection consisted of quickly lifting the inner cover and passing it to one inspector. The inner cover was immediately scanned, with particular attention to the corners, for the presence of adult beetles. Concurrently, an inspection of the top bars was conducted by a second inspector. This consisted of a visual scan of both sides of the hive at the end of the top bars between the hive body and the top bar rests. This was immediately followed by a visual scan across all top bars individually from side to side and front to back. If the hive consisted of multiple supers, a top bar inspection as described above was conducted on all boxes. This was achieved by one inspector removing/lifting the additional supers while a second inspector immediately scanned the top bars as previously described. After the inspection was completed, a pollen substitute (Ultra Bee Pollen Substitute, Mann Lake, Hackensack NJ; Global Pollen Patties, Airdrie AB) and a beetle trap (BEETLE BLASTER®, Bee Rancher Supplies, Youngstown FL) was placed in each inspected hive. A minimum of one full pollen patty (approximately 0.5 kg) was placed in the center of the top bars on the topmost super. At the discretion of the inspector, an additional ½ pollen patty was placed in stronger hives. Prior to placement, the beetle trap

67

was filled with approximately 5 mm of vegetable oil. The trap with oil was placed between the 1st and 2nd frames, midway in the topmost super. Inspection step two (of four): A second inspection was conducted between 5 to 7 days following stage one. A “top bar plus” inspection was conducted as described above. Pollen patties were first examined in the hive for the presence of both adult beetles and larvae. Pollen patties were then removed for further inspection, inverted and placed inside the hive’s inner cover to prevent loss of specimens dropped back into the hive or on the ground. A visual inspection of the pollen patty was conducted and physical probing was done with a hive tool to reveal larvae and or adults within the patty. The pollen patty was then placed back in the hive or replaced, if needed. An additional amount of a pollen patty was added to make it 0.5 kg if some had been consumed. The beetle trap was then visually examined for adult beetles. Inspection step three (of four): A third inspection was conducted between 5 to 7 days following stage two. A “top bar plus” inspection was conducted as described above. Inspection of both pollen patties and traps was conducted, as described above. Any residual pollen patty was removed at this point unless beekeeper requested this be left for ongoing monitoring by the beekeeper. Inspection step four (of four): A fourth inspection was conducted 2 to 4 weeks after the third stage. This inspection consisted of a “top bar plus” inspection as per the three previous inspections. Beetle traps were also examined. All beetle traps were removed at this time unless the beekeeper requested otherwise for the purpose of ongoing monitoring by the beekeeper. Following step four inspections, all hives in the apiaries were identified with an inspection sticker for potential ongoing monitoring. All material removed from hives, such as traps, residual oil and pollen patties were collected in secure bags. These bags were then frozen (> 24 hours; - 20°C) prior to disposal. Sample collection Hives yielding samples were identified with annotations on the inspection sticker. Larval and adult samples were placed in 90% ethanol, sample vials were labelled with the beekeeper’s name, yard location/name, Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates, date and inspector’s name. Sample vials were placed in a sealed bag (Ziploc®, SC Johnson) with an additional, second label as above. These samples then placed in a second sealed bag (double bagged). Samples were placed in a locked box to maintain integrity of samples during transport to the Provincial Apiarist for identification. Initial suspected SHB adult specimens from each NB beekeeper were sent to AAFC, at the address previously mentioned, for species identification and were confirmed to be Aethina tumida Murray. Subsequent adult SHB beetles collected from the same respective beekeepers were identified by Chris Maund. Larval SHB specimens were tentatively identified as Aethina tumida Murray based upon general descriptions in various SHB fact sheets. (Larvae technically have to be confirmed to be the SHB by molecular analysis.) Results: Monitoring updates were sent to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (as the SHB is categorized as an immediately notifiable disease), Provincial Apiarists, the executive of the New Brunswick Beekeepers Association Inc, the respective beekeepers and at a link on the NB Department of Agriculture, Aquaculture and Fisheries (DAAF) web site: http://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/10/agriculture/content/bees.html . The 29 September, 2017 update lists all locations where the SHB was found in NB honey bee colonies from the survey: Sea Side and Black-Point (Restigouche County); Rivière-du-Portage, Sheila, Val-Doucet, Saint-Isidore and Saumarez (Gloucester County); Aulac and Sackville (Westmorland County); Gagetown, Queenstown and Pleasant Villa (Queens County); Maugerville and Burton (Sunbury County). Results are summarized in Tables 1 and 2 and Figure 1. The traps were most effective in trapping SHB adults, compared to the pollen patties or elsewhere in the hive with the “top bar plus” inspection. The pollen patties may be more effective in attracting SHB adults if

http://www2.gnb.ca/content/gnb/en/departments/10/agriculture/content/bees.html

68

they cover a larger area over the top bars, compared to the 0.5 kg ones used. The physical presence of a larger pollen patty would provide a larger area for the SHB adults to hide from bees. The pollen patty was useful for monitoring larvae, but in only one instance suspected SHB larvae were found in a hive where SHB adults were not found. Although larvae of different lengths were collected on same days, a noticeable amount of larvae appearing to be prepupae (shrunken larvae with more pronounced body segments) were collected in early September. An adult trapped in early September appeared to be a newly emerged adult as it was a much lighter brown compared to other SHB adults. Table 1. Monitoring results for the small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida Murray, in New Brunswick honey bee colonies in 2017. Number of beekeepers with monitored colonies Number of

beekeepers with colonies in quarantine: 12

Number of beekeepers with colonies monitored: 17

Number of beekeepers with colonies positive for the SHB 7/12 (58.3%) 7/17 (41.2%) Number of apiaries inspected 54 81 Number of colonies in apiaries 2416 2925 Number of colonies inspected 622 (25.7%) 856 (29.2%) Total number of inspections 2382 2999 Number of apiaries positive for the SHB 21/54 (38.8%) 21/81 (25.9%) Number of SHB positive colonies 29/622 (4.66%) 29/856 (3.38%) Average number of SHB adults per SHB positive colony 1.10 - Average number of SHB larvae per SHB positive colony 13.2 - Number of colonies with only SHB adults 24 - Number of colonies with only SHB larvae 4 - Number of colonies with SHB adults and larvae 1 - Total number of SHB adults [preliminary data] 32 (+/- 2) - Total number of SHB larvae [preliminary data] 66 (+/- 3) - Table 2. Locations of the small hive beetle (SHB), Aethina tumida Murray, found inside honey bee hives.

SHB life stage Number found in trap Number found in or around the pollen patty

Number found elsewhere inside hive

Adults (Total adults = 32)

23/32 (71.87%) 2/32 (6.25%) 7/32 (21.87%)

Larvae (Total larvae = 66)

All larvae from five hives (with one exception) were found in or around the pollen patty.

Figure 1 shows the amounts of SHB adults found in each of the four inspection steps. Most were found in step 4. This may have been partly due to the extended period of time (2 to 4 weeks) between step 3 and 4, compared to the 5 to 7 day interval between steps 1 and 2 or between steps 2 and 3. This illustrated the importance of monitoring over an extended period of time.

69

Figure 1. Total small hive beetle (SHB) adults collected per inspection step.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the beekeepers who helped the inspectors in this survey. The amount of monitoring would not have been possible without their assistance. This project was funded by the Canada New Brunswick Growing Forward 2 program.

References

Ellis, J.D. and A. Ellis. 2016. Featured Creatures. Small hive beetle. University of Florida. Publication number EENY-474. http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/bees/small_hive_beetle.htm

http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/bees/small_hive_beetle.htm

70

Nova Scotia


BEEKEEPING STATISTICSNumber of Beekeepers Number of Producing ColoniesAverage Yield/Colony (kgs) & (lbs)Total Estimated Crop (Kgs x1000) & (lbs x1000)Colonies Wintered (2016-17)Estimated Percent Winter Mortality (%)


Wintering comments:




26,863 hives were put into the 2016-2017 winter.

15.80%


Jason Sproule

618

10,392 honey producing; 17,936 rented for pollination

23 kgs/colony; 51 lbs/colony

239.4 kg (x1000); 527.8 lbs (x1000)

424 domestic / ~ 650 imports 37

Early estimates of winter loss are reported in the CAPA Winter loss report. A sample of 17 participating commericial beekeepers, who account for ~71% of all NS hives, indicated a winter mortality estimate of 13.2% for NS beekeepers, which was the lowest winter mortality across Canada for 2017, and also the lowest for NS on record since 2007. Following publication of this report, more complete information is acquired through the beekeeper registration process. This later survey indicated a slightly elevated winter mortality of 15.8%.

Poor queens and weak colonies in the fall were reported to be major causes of winter mortality. Nearly all beekeepers monitor for mites and administer either a spring or fall mite treatment. Apivar is the most popular mite treatment but organic acids are also common.

GENERAL COMMENTS

71

Nova Scotia (cont.)



Hives and used equipment are typically inspected at just prior to sale in NS. Inspections were conducted for 35 NS beekeepers from which a total 424 hives of yards containing a total 1,221 hives were examined.

Teams of inspectors were also sent to inspect a total of ~650 hives in NB and PEI bound for NS. No reportable diseases were detected in any inspection. Some minor sacbrood, chalkbrood, EFB and mite infestations were observed in some yards. All inspected yards were approved for sale. Condition of miticide application was made to 1 beekeeper and written reccomendation of bolstering strength prior to sale were made to 2 other beekeepers.

•

NS colonies may be used solely for honey production, solely for pollination, splitting/expansion, or a combination of activities.

A decline in hive numbers used for pollination was observed this year, likely a result of reduced demand owing to substantially lower prices paid to Lowbush Blueberry producers. Many growers opted not to rent as many hives for pollination and even take several acres out of production.

Not Available


72

Prince Edward Island


BEEKEEPING STATISTICSNumber of Beekeepers Number of Producing ColoniesAverage Yield/Colony (kgs) & (lbs)Total Estimated Crop (Kgs x1000) & (lbs x1000)Colonies Wintered (2016-17)Estimated Percent Winter Mortality (%)


Wintering comments:



417 14

High winter losses were the result of poor mite control and lack of feeding in the fall of 2016 by a large beekeeper. This was the major contributor to high losses during the 16/17 winter.

••Varroa mite levels were recorded as non, low, medium or high

PEI blueberry growers continue to request import of colonies from Niagara Region of Ontario for wild blueberry pollination. This was not approved in 2017.

• 0.2% disease colony incidents for EFB and Chalkbrood

•Data not yet available for 2017.

GENERAL COMMENTS




2017 PROVINCIAL APIARIST(S) ANNUAL REPORT - PEI

8,008

41.8 % (see comments)


Dr. Carolyn Sanford (acting in lieu of vacant Provincial Apiarist position)

46

data not yet available for 2017



73

Newfoundland and Labrador






Wintering comments:



50 4

• Low winter mortality

• 2% winter loss in indoor overwintering systems

• Current inspections conducted by Provincial Apiarist

• Geographical distance between hives and hive numbers make it difficult to inspect hives in addition to regular duties• Province maintains its free-from status WRT Varroa, SHB, HBTM, & Greater Wax Moth

• Producers are focusing on buliding the number of colonies as opposed to honey production at this time

GENERAL COMMENTS





366

9%


Karen Kennedy

7

331

63 lbs

63,000 lbs

74

Appendix 4: Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists Statement on Honey Bee Wintering Losses in Canada (2017)

Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists Statement on Honey Bee Wintering Losses in Canada (2017)

Prepared by CAPA National Survey Committee and Provincial Apiculturists: Julie Ferland (chair), Medhat Nasr (President), Geoff Wilson, Chris Jordan, Melanie Kempers, Paul Kozak, Rheal Lafreniere, Chris Maund, Steve Pernal, Jason Sproule, and Paul van Westendorp

Summary

The Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists (CAPA) coordinated the annual honey bee wintering loss report for 2016/2017 in Canada. Harmonized questions based on national beekeeping industry profiles were used in the survey as in previous years. The Provincial Apiculturists collected survey data. The respondents operated 413,342 honey bee colonies across Canada. This represents 53.8% of all colonies operated and wintered in Canada in 2016/2017. The national winter loss was 25.1% with provincial values ranging from 13.2% to 41.8%. The overall national colony loss reported in 2017 is in the middle of reported losses since 2006/2007. Despite higher than normal wintering losses during recent years, Canadian beekeepers have been successfully able to replace their annual dead colonies and increase the number of colonies. They increased the number of bee colonies from 589,254 in 2007 to 750,155 in 2016. This represents an increase of the total number of bee colonies by 27.3% during this period in Canada. Respondents reported considerable variation in identifying and ranking the top 4 possible causes of colony losses across the country. The most frequently cited causes in order from high to low were: poor queens, followed by poor winter and spring weather, ineffective Varroa control and weak colonies in the fall. Beekeepers responded to questions on management of three serious parasites and pathogens to beekeeping: Varroa mites, Nosema and American foulbrood. The majority of beekeepers in most provinces reported that they monitored for Varroa mites. Most beekeepers reported that they used Apivar® in spring, formic acid (Mite Away Quick Strip® (MAQS), repeated 40 ml formic acid treatments, or flash treatments) in the summer or fall and oxalic acid in late fall as Varroa treatments. Due to the long season of 2016, many beekeepers used spring and fall applications of Apivar® or Apivar® plus formic acid to keep mites under control. For preventing and treating nosemosis and American foulbrood, many beekeepers across Canada regularly used registered antibiotics but their methods and timing of application varied widely from province to province. Overall, the survey responses indicate that Provincial Apiculturists, Tech-transfer agents and researchers have been successful working with beekeepers across Canada to encourage them to monitor honey bee pests, especially Varroa mites and Nosema, and adopt integrated pest management practices to keep these pests under control. CAPA members continue to work on development and improving management options for beekeepers to keep healthy bees through various working groups within the association and with various stakeholders. CAPA members are also actively involved in the Federal Bee Health Roundtable to develop strategies and work toward addressing the risks and opportunities for developing sustainable industry.

75

Introduction

Over the last decade, many countries, including Canada, have surveyed beekeepers and reported overwintering mortality of honey bee colonies. The Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists (CAPA) has reported on wintering losses of honey bee colonies and possible causes of bee mortality in Canada since 2007. The objective of this national report is to harmonize data collection, to consolidate provincial losses for a national representation, to present the possible main causes of winter losses and to provide information on pest surveillance and control. These results provide information needed to identify gaps in current management systems, to develop strategies to mitigate colonies losses and to improve bee health, biosecurity practices, and industry sustainability.

Methodology

In 2017, the Provincial Apiculturists and the CAPA National Survey Committee members developed a harmonized set of questions (Appendix 4A). These questions took into account the large diversity of beekeeping industry profiles, management practices and seasonal activities within each province. Some provinces also included supplementary regional questions in their provincial questionnaire. Results of these regional questions are not summarized in this report but it can be accessed by directly contacting the Provincial Apiculturist of the province in question.

Commercial beekeepers and sideliners that owned and operated a specified minimum number of colonies (Table 1) were included in the survey. The survey reported data from full-sized producing bee colonies that were wintered in Canada, but not nucleus colonies. Thus, the information gathered provides a valid assessment of commercial wintering bee losses and management practices.

The common definitions of a honey bee colony and a commercially viable honey bee colony in spring were standardized as follows:

Honey Bee Colony: A full-sized honey bee colony either in a single or double brood chamber, not including nucleus colonies (splits).

Viable Honey Bee Colony in Spring: A honey bee colony that survived winter, in a standard 10- frame hive (Langstroth box), with a minimum of 4 frames with 75% of the comb area covered with bees on both sides on May 1st (British Columbia), May 15th (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince-Edward-Island and Quebec) or May 21st (Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan).

The colony loss and management questionnaire was provided to producers using various methods of delivery including regular mail, email, or online while in some jurisdictions the survey was administered by telephone interview (Table 1). In each province, data was collected and analyzed by the Provincial Apiculturist. All reported provincial results were then analyzed and summarized at the national level. The national percent of winter loss was calculated as follows:

Percentage Winter Loss =

Sum of the estimated total colony losses per province in spring 2017

x 100

Sum of total colonies in operation in each province for 2016

76

Results

Throughout Canada, except Newfoundland, 587 sideliner and commercial beekeepers responded to the 2017 survey. These respondents represented 47.4% of the target surveyed beekeepers. They operated nearly 53.8% of all registered colonies that were put into winter in 2016. The survey delivery methods, operation size of beekeepers included in the survey, and the level of participation for beekeepers in each province are presented in Table 1. Accounting for live colonies that were considered commercially viable, survey results showed that the national level of wintering loss was 25.1% with individual provincial percentage ranging from 13.2% to 41.8%. The overall winter loss percentage for 2016/2017 was greater than 2015/2016 with loss rate of 16.8%.

The level of winter loss varied from province to province, within each province, and from beekeeping operation to operation. In general, most provinces reported higher mortality in 2016/2017 than the previous year, the exceptions being Nova Scotia and Manitoba reporting lower winter mortality than the previous year. In areas with higher winter mortality beekeepers cited weather as a more important concern than previous years. Prince Edward Island reported the highest winter losses of 41.8% in 2017 with poor queens cited by beekeepers as being the most frequent cause contributing to colony mortality. The lowest winter loss (13.2%) was reported in Nova Scotia.

For detailed information about winter losses in each province, please contact each province directly for a copy of its provincial report where available (Appendix 4B).

77

Table 1: Survey parameters and honey bee colony mortality by province

Province

Total number of

colonies operated in

2016

Estimated number of colony lost

based on the estimated provincial winter loss

Type of data collection

Number of beekeepers targeted by

survey

Number of respondents

Size of beekeeping operations targeted by

survey

Number of

respondents’ colonies that

were wintered in fall 2016

Number of

respondents’ colonies that

were alive and viable in

spring 2017

Percentage of surveyed

colonies to the total

number of colonies in

the province

Percentage of

provincial winter loss

Newfoundland and Labrador Data not available in 2017 from NF

Prince Edward Island 8,429 3,523 Online

Survey 46 35 (76.1%) All beekeepers 8,008 3,347 95.0 41.8

Nova Scotia 25,189 3,325 Email 39 17 (43.6%) 50 col. and more 17,815 15,469 70.7 13.2

New Brunswick 15,488 2,726 Email, Post,

Telephone 46 22 (47.8%) 30 col. and more 10,520 8,672 67.9 17.6

Québec 59,098 10,815 Email, Post 131 94 (71.8%) 50 col. and more 49,306 40,290 83.4 18.3

Ontario

97,342

26,185

Online Survey, Post,

Telephone

179

98 (54.7%) 50 col. and

more

44,183

32,294

45.4

26.9

Manitoba 102,030 18,263 Email, Post 202 58 (28.7%) 50 col. and more 36,067 29,601 35.3 17.9

Saskatchewan

112,000

26,208

Email

100

25 (25.0%) 100 col.

and more

33,098

25,330

29.6

23.4

Alberta 305,000 87,840 Email, Post, Telephone 112 69 (61.6%) 400 col.

and more 193,290 138,202 63.4 28.8

British Columbia 43,224 13,572 Online

Survey 383 169 (44.1%) 10 col. and more 21,055 14,444 48.7 31.4

Canada 767,800 192,457 1238 587 (47.4%) 413,342 307,649 53.8 25.1

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Contributing Factors as cited by beekeepers

Beekeepers were asked to rank possible contributing factors to colony losses. These responses are summarized in Table 2. In five provinces, poor queen quality was considered the number one or number two factor contributing to reported winter losses.

Often, Varroa was reported as the second, third or fourth possible contributing factor to winter colony loss specifically in Western provinces, but at less frequency than in previous years. While this still highlights the seriousness of Varroa mites and their impacts on the honey bee health, it may indicate that beekeepers are becoming more accustomed to dealing with mites and are doing a better job keeping the mites under control. High Varroa mite levels in the fall of 2016 in some regions, may be associated with very mild winter in 2015/2016 and warmer than normal spring in 2016. The production season of 2016 was longer than normal and enabled mites to increase their populations to a point that required a fall treatment. Many beekeepers treated a second time (in fall) and were better able to protect their bees in comparison to the winter of 2015/2016. Unfortunately, some producers treated too late; beekeepers with winter mortality greater than 30% frequently reported mites as a primary concern.

Starvation was reported by beekeepers as the second or third possible cause of winterkill in several regions across Canada. Starvation can be the result from the inability of bees in weak colonies to store enough stored food during the fall, the inability of bees to move to new resources within the hive during winter, the rapid consumption of stored food because of early brood production, or insufficient feeding of colonies by beekeepers in the fall or spring.

Another contributing factor also identified across Canada was weak colonies in the fall. This could be caused by some beekeeping operations making splits late in the season to increase numbers of colonies. Such colonies do not have sufficient populations to survive through the winter or to collect and store enough food in the fall to last the winter.

Weather was considered a major factor for winter loss in BC, AB, SK and QC, likely reflecting the long cold spring in these regions. Beekeepers in Western provinces reported that most of bee colonies died in April which was one of the coldest, wettest/snowiest Aprils in years.

Several beekeepers in different provinces reported that they did not know why their colonies perished. Inability to identify a possible cause for colony mortality may be associated with lack of monitoring for pests, diseases and other general colony health parameters during the season, or multitude of underlying problems that cannot be identified without specialists.

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Table 2: Top four ranked possible main causes of honey bee colony mortality by province, as cited by beekeepers who responded to the 2016/2017 winter loss survey.

Province 1st. 2nd. 3rd. 4th.

NL NA NA NA NA

PE Poor queens Weak colonies in

the fall

Starvation Other

NS Poor queens Weak colonies in

the fall

Starvation Don’t know

NB Don't know Starvation Weak colonies in

the fall

Other

QC Poor queens Weak colonies in

the fall

Weather Starvation

ON Poor queens Starvation Weak colonies in the fall

Ineffective Varroa control

MB Weak colonies in the fall

Poor queens Starvation Don’t know

SK Winter weather Ineffective Varroa

control

Nosema Poor queens

AB Ineffective Varroa control

Winter weather Nosema Poor queens

BC Weather Starvation Poor queens Weak colonies in the

fall

Bee Pest Management Practices

In recent years, integrated pest management has become the most important widespread practice by beekeepers to keep healthy honey bees. To successfully manage bee health, beekeepers must identify and monitor pests and diseases to take timely action in accordance with approved methods. Therefore, this survey focused on asking beekeepers questions about management of three serious threats that may impact bee health, survivorship and productivity (Appendix 4A).

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Varroa monitoring and control

Varroa mite infestation continues to be considered by beekeepers and apiculture specialists as one of the main causes of honey bee colony mortality.

During the 2016 production season, a large majority of surveyed beekeepers monitored Varroa mite infestations (for more details, check Table 3). The alcohol wash of a sample of 300 bees per colony was the most preferred technique in all provinces, except New Brunswick, Quebec and British Columbia where beekeepers favoured the use of sticky boards. The frequency of use of the alcohol wash technique by beekeepers in various provinces ranged from 25% to 100%. The frequency of use of the sticky board method ranged from 3.4% to 47.1%. Some beekeepers used both sticky boards and alcohol wash methods to evaluate mites.

These results demonstrate that Canadian beekeepers recognize the value of surveillance and monitoring of Varroa mites. The education and extension programs delivered to beekeepers in Canada have helped in adoption of proper management practices for Varroa mites. Monitoring Varroa mite population, determining the right timing and select the best treatment options for Varroa mite control have become frequently used practices in their day to day beekeeping management.

Most beekeepers in Canada manage Varroa mites using a combination of chemical and non-chemical control measures. Non-chemical methods include: using bee stocks with genetic traits that increase tolerance to Varroa, trapping Varroa using drone combs, trapping Varroa using screened bottom boards fitted with sticky boards, and the division of colonies (e.g. splits).

There are a variety of registered miticides available to beekeepers for mite control. Beekeepers are encouraged to use the most effective miticide that fits their region, season and operation. They are also encouraged to rotate miticides to prevent the development of resistance to these products. In the current survey of bee winter losses, beekeepers were asked “what chemical treatment was used for Varroa control during the 2016 season”. The beekeepers’ response is summarized in Table 3. In the spring of 2016, the percentage of beekeepers that treated with chemical methods ranged from 18% in British Columbia to 100% in Saskatchewan. Throughout Canada, the main miticide used for spring Varroa control was Apivar® (a synthetic miticide with the active ingredient amitraz). The second most common treatment is formic acid in late spring, followed by oxalic acid. In fall of 2016, most Canadian beekeepers ranging from 30% in British Columbia to 95% in Quebec treated their colonies for Varroa. The main miticides used at this time of the year were Apivar®, formic acid and oxalic acid. It was noted that there some beekeepers used Apivar® two times in the same year in 2016. One treatment was in spring and the other treatment was in fall. Due to an early spring and a long fall in 2016, Varroa mites were able to rebuild their populations through the season and reach high levels that warranted a fall treatment. Most beekeepers were reluctant to use Apistan® (a synthetic miticide with the active ingredient fluvalinate) and Checkmite® (a synthetic miticide with the active ingredient coumaphos) because of known resistance of mites to these active ingredients.

Once again, these surveys tend to show that Apivar® (amitraz) is the most commonly used miticide for treatment for Varroa in Canada. However, due to the repeated use of Apivar®, it may only be a matter of time before we see the development of resistance to this miticide. Therefore, beekeepers’ awareness of these principles and monitoring the efficacy of Apiva® (amitraz) after treatment are important to avoid any unforeseen failures of treatments. Beekeepers are also encouraged to incorporate resistance management practices such as monitoring, using appropriate thresholds for treatment, alternating of miticides with different modes of action,

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as well as good biosecurity and food safety practices. This type of information is the focus of many extension and educational programs offered by various provincial apiculture programs, which will keep the Canadian honey bee industry healthy and sustainable.

Table 3: Varroa monitoring and chemical control methods as cited by the respondents of the 2016/2017 winter loss survey. Chemical treatment is in order from most to least commonly used.

Province

Beekeepers monitoring Varroa mites (%)

Beekeepers who treated Varroa and method of treatment

Varroa treatment in Spring

2016

Varroa treatment in

Summer/Fall 2016

Sticky boards

Alcohol wash

% of beekeepers

Methods of treatment

% of beekeepers

Methods of treatment

NL NA NA NA NA NA NA

PE

19.4

25.8

55.6

None, Apivar®, Formic Acid

86.7

Oxalic acid, Apivar®, Formic acid (MAQS®)

NS

47.1

58.8

64.7

Apivar®,

Oxalic acid, Drone removal

94.1

Apivar®, Formic

acid (MAQS®), Oxalic acid

NB 41.0 23.0 50.0 Oxalic acid, Apivar®

82.0 Apivar, Oxalic acid

QC

39.0

21.0

44.0

Formic acid (65% -flash method), Formic acid (MAQS®),

Thymol, Oxalic acid

95.0

Formic acid (65% -flash method), Oxalic acid, Apivar®

ON

18.4

42.9

67.4

Apivar®, Formic acid (65%- 40 ml

multiple application), Formic acid (MAQS®),

Apistan®

92.9

Apivar®, Oxalic acid, Formic acid (MAQS®),

Formic acid (65%- 40 ml

multiple application)

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MB

3.4

48.3

93.1

Apivar®, Oxalic acid, Formic acid

(MAQS®)

89.7

Apivar®, Oxalic acid, Formic acid (MAQS®)

SK 5.0 100.0 100.0 Apivar®, Apistan®

75.0 Apivar®, Formic acid, Oxalic acid

AB

24.2

90.9

66.7

Apivar®, Formic acid (40 ml multiple application)

45.5

Apivar®, Formic acid (40ml multiple

application), Oxalic acid

BC

46.0

25.0

18.0

Formic acid, Apivar®, Oxalic acid

30.0

Formic acid, Oxalic acid, Apivar®

Nosemosis management practices:

Nosema is a fungal pathogen that infects the honey bees. It is considered a serious pathogen that may impact honey bee colony survival during winter and spring build-up in certain regions in Canada. However, it was rarely cited as a possible cause of colony mortality during the 2016/2017 winter loss survey, except in Saskatchewan and Alberta. In the survey, beekeepers reported their use of fumagillin for the treatment of nosemosis either in spring or in fall of 2016 (Table 4). The percent of beekeepers reporting using this drug varied widely from province to province.

American foulbrood management practices

American foulbrood (AFB) is a bacterial disease of brood caused by Paenibacillus larvae. AFB is considered endemic in Canada, and it has been of great concern to beekeepers. Oxytetracycline and more recently tylosin are antibiotics currently registered for treating AFB in Canada. The pattern of use for these antibiotics, as reported by beekeepers is presented in Table 4. Oxytetracycline was more frequently used by beekeepers in spring and fall than tylosin.

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Table 4: Antibiotic treatments for nosemosis (fumagillin) and American foulbrood (oxytetracycline and tylosin) as cited by the respondents of the 2016/2017 winter loss survey.

Province Use of Fumagillin (% of respondents)

Use of American foulbrood treatments (% of respondents)

Spring Fall Spring treatment with oxytetracycline

Spring treatment with tylosin

Summer/Fall treatment with oxytetracycline

Summer/Fall treatment with tylosin

NL NA NA NA NA NA NA

PE 12.1 20.7 19.4 5.3 10.0 0.0

NS 47.1 64.7 64.7 0.0 70.6 0.0

NB 27.0 73.0 55.0 0.0 36.0 0.0

QC 2.0 15.0 8.0 0.0 5.0 0.0

ON 16.3 21.4 72.5 1.0 71.4 1.0

MB 25.9 41.4 77.6 0.0 67.2 6.9

SK 52.0 60.0 80.0 0.0 92.0 0.0

AB 81.8 81.8 51.5 3.0 54.5 21.1

BC 26.0 24.0 11.0 1.0 7.0 1.0

Honey Bee Winter Loss and Population in Canada since 2007

In Canada, winter losses had shown a declining trend since 2007. The national overwinter losses were highest from 2007 to 2009 and ranged from 29.0% to 35.0% (average 32.6%). From 2010 to 2017, the national overwinter losses ranged from 15.3% to 29.3% (average 22.2%). This year, all provinces reported overwinter mortality above the long term acceptable threshold of 15%, with the exception of Nova Scotia.

Despite reported wintering losses in recent years across Canada and recently reported winter losses of 25.1%, the number of colonies in Canada has increased by 27.3% from 2007 until 2016. This shows that beekeepers are resilient and adapting to the pressures of overwinter mortality and continue to successfully raise honey bees. Since 2007, beekeepers have been facing challenges in keeping healthy bees that include pest management, climatic condition, bee nutrition, bee exposure to pesticides in hives and environment. Even though responses from this annual survey have provided evidence that beekeepers from various regions across Canada have been successfully managing bee health issues; it appears that stress caused by parasites and a combination of other stressors warrants further studies to provide alternative management practices to maintain honey bee health throughout the year. For example, at this time, beekeepers have access to few effective products to control

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Varroa mites and Nosema. If resistance develops to Apivar® and fumagillin, beekeepers will suffer serious consequences. Ultimately, beekeepers will need more effective and additional options of treatment (miticides, antibiotics and non-chemicals) in their “tool box” if they are to continue an integrated pest management approach to maintain healthy bees.

Figure 1. Summary of bee colony numbers and bee losses in Canada from 2007-2017.

Further Work

CAPA members continue to work closely with industry stakeholders, the Bee Health Roundtable and provincial working groups to address bee losses and bee health. Members of CAPA and provincial apiculturists have also been actively involved in conducting surveillance programs at the provincial levels and across the country to monitor the status of bee health including the emerging pest, the small hive beetle. They are also involved in developing policies for antimicrobial use in beekeeping and conducting outreach and extension programs to promote IPM and biosecurity practices to beekeepers. Researchers within CAPA are active in evaluating alternative control options for Varroa mites and Nosema and developing genetic stocks more tolerant to pests which will hopefully enhance the integrated pest management (IPM) practices and address the honey bee health sustainability.

For more information about this report, please contact:

Dr. Medhat Nasr, President of Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists (CAPA) [email protected] Tel: (780) 554-1566

Dr. Julie Ferland, Chair of CAPA National Survey Committee [email protected] Tel: (418) 380-2100 Ext. 2067

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Appendix 4A: CAPA - 2017 Core winter loss survey questions. The followings are the core questions that will be used in 2017 by each provincial apiarist for reporting the colony winter losses at the national level. As it has been since 2007, the objective is to estimate the winter kills with a simple and standardized method while taking into account the large diversity of situations around the country. This is a survey so these questions are to be answered by the beekeepers.

1. How many full sized colonies1 were put into winter in fall 2016?

Outdoor wintering Indoor wintering Total

2. How many full sized colonies1 survived the 2016/2017 winter and were considered viable2 on

May 1st (British Columbia), May 15th (Ontario, Quebec and Maritimes) or May 21st (Alberta, Manitoba, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan)?

Outdoor wintering Indoor wintering Total

3. Which method of treatment did you use for Varroa control in spring 2016? What percent of hives were treated? (Choose all that apply)

Treatment Percent of hives treated (%)

�� Apistan (fluvalinate)

�� CheckMite+ (coumaphos)

�� Apivar (amitraz)

�� Thymovar (thymol)

�� 65% formic acid – 40 ml multiple application

�� 65% formic acid – 250 ml single application

�� Mite Away Quick Strips (formic acid)

�� Oxalic acid

��Other (please specify)

�� None

1 Does not include nucleus colonies 2 Viable : A viable colony, in a standard 10-frame hive, is defined has having 4 frames or more being 75% bee- covered on both sides.

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4. Which method of treatment did you use for Varroa control in late summer/fall 2016? What percent of hives were treated? (Choose all that apply)

Treatment Percent of hives treated (%) �� Apistan (fluvalinate)

�� CheckMite+ (coumaphos) �� Apivar (amitraz)

�� Thymovar (thymol) �� 65% formic acid – 40 ml multiple application

�� 65% formic acid – 250 ml single application �� Mite Away Quick Strips (formic acid)

�� Oxalic acid

��Other (please specify)

�� None

5. Have you monitored your colonies for Varroa during the 2016 season?

o Yes – sticky board o Yes – alcohol wash o Yes – other (please specify) o No

6. Which method of treatment did you use for nosema control in spring 2016? What percent of hives were treated?

Treatment Percent of hives treated (%) �� Fumagillin

�� None

7. Which method of treatment did you use for Nosema control in fall 2016? What percent of hives were treated?


�� Fumagillin

�� None

8. Which method of treatment did you use for American foulbrood control in spring 2016? What

percent of hives were treated? (Choose all that apply)


�� Oxytetracycline

�� Tylosin

�� None

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9. Which method of treatment did you use for American foulbrood control in fall 2016? What percent of hives were treated? (Choose all that apply)


�� Oxytetracycline

�� Tylosin

�� None

10. To what do you attribute the main cause of death of your colonies? (Please check every suspected cause and rank the causes according to their relative importance.)

Cause of death Rank (1 = the most important)

�� Don’t know

�� Starvation

�� Poor queens

�� Ineffective Varroa control �� Nosema

�� Weather �� Weak colonies in the fall

��Other (Please specify)



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Appendix 4B: List of Canada’s Provincial Apiculturists.

NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR Karen Kennedy M.Sc.(Agr.), P.Ag. Fruit Crop Development Officer & Provincial Apiarist Department of Fisheries and Land Resources Fortis Bldg. P.O. Box 2006 Corner Brook, Newfoundland & Labrador, A2H 6J8 � 709-637-2662 [email protected] NOVA SCOTIA Jason Sproule Provincial Apiculturist / Provincial Minor Use Coordinator Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture P.O. Box 890 Harlow Building Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5G6 � 902-890-1565 [email protected] QUÉBEC Julie Ferland, DVM Provincial Apiarist Direction de la santé animale Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation 200, chemin Sainte-Foy, 11e étage Québec (Québec), G1R 4X6 � 418-380-2100, ext. 2067 [email protected] MANITOBA Rhéal Lafrenière M.Sc. P.Ag. Industry Development Specialist - Provincial Apiarist Manitoba Agriculture Ag. Services Complex Bldg. 204-545 University Cres. Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 5S6 � 204-945-4825 [email protected] ALBERTA Dr. Medhat Nasr Alberta Provincial Apiculturist Pest Surveillance Branch Research and Innovation Division Agriculture and Rural Development 17507 Fort Road NW Edmonton, Alberta, T5Y 6H3 � 780-415-2314 [email protected]

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Cameron Menzies Berry Crop Development Officer & Provincial Apiarist PEI Department of Agriculture & Fisheries Jones Building, 5th Floor 11 Kent Street, Charlottetown PEI, C1A 7N8 � 902-314-0816 [email protected] NEW BRUNSWICK Chris Maund Integrated Pest Management Specialist (Entomologist) and Provincial Apiarist New Brunswick Department of Agriculture, Aquaculture and Fisheries Crop Sector Development Hugh John Flemming Complex 1350 Regent Street, P.O. Box 6000 Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3C 2G6 � 506-453-3477 [email protected] ONTARIO Paul Kozak Provincial Apiarist Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Animal Health and Welfare Branch 1 Stone Road West, 5th Floor NW Guelph, Ontario, N1G 4Y2 � 519-826-3595 or 1-888-466-2372, ext. 63595 [email protected] SASKATCHEWAN Geoff Wilson M.Sc. P.Ag. Provincial Specialist, Apiculture Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture 800 Central Ave, Box 3003 Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, S6V 6G1 � 306-953-2304 [email protected] BRITISH COLUMBIA Paul van Westendorp Provincial Apiculturist BC Ministry of Agriculture 1767 Angus Campbell Road Abbotsford, British Columbia, V3G 2M3 � 604-556-3129 [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]










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Appendix 5: Research Report

Project title: Sustaining and securing Canada’s honey bees using ‘omic tools Principal Investigators: Name: Leonard Foster (University of British Columbia) Address: 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 E-mail: [email protected] Name: Amro Zayed (York University) Address: 4700 Steele Ave, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3 E-mail: [email protected] Collaborators: Dr. Katherine Baylis (Univ. Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Dr. Miriam Bixby (Univ. of British Columbia) Dr. Carlos Castillo (National Bee Diagnostic Centre), Dr. Robert Currie (Univ. of Manitoba), Dr. Nicolas Derome Université Laval), Leslie Eccles (Ontario Beekeepers Association), Dr. Valérie Fournier (Université Laval), Dr. Pierre Giovenazzo (Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault), Dr. Marta Guarna (AAFC), Dr. Shelley Hoover (Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development), Dr. Stephen Pernal (AAFC), Dr. Jianhong Wu (York University) Project description: Honey bees are an essential component of Canadian agriculture, contributing at least $4.6 billion to our economy through their pollination activities and honey production. But Canadian beekeepers have lost an average of 27.1% of their colonies every winter since 2006-07. Diseases that weaken or kill colonies are important causes of these unsustainable declines that, left unchecked, are expected to pose serious threats to the productivity of major Canadian agro- industries (e.g. oilseeds, tree fruits, berries, cucurbits and forage crops) and jeopardize our food security. Canadian beekeepers mitigate high winter losses by importing more than 200,000 queen bees annually, mostly from Hawaii, California, and New Zealand. The heavy reliance on imported queens poses several risks to Canadian beekeepers, including high volatility associated with border closures and the introduction of mal-adapted stock or undesirable genetics. In particular, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency has highlighted the introduction of the highly invasive and aggressive Africanized ‘Killer’ bees as a serious risk of importing honey bees from the US. Our group has pioneered the application of ‘omic tools to applied bee health. Canadian honey bees have high levels of genetic diversity and most economically valuable traits are highly heritable in bees: these make for ripe conditions to develop ‘omics-assisted breeding tools for the beekeeping industry. We will improve the health and sustainability of Canadian honey bees by carrying out a large-scale association mapping study to develop genomic and proteomic markers for selectively breeding 12 economically-valuable traits (Activity 1). The integration of ‘omics and GE3LS research will allow us to deliver, with supporting science and economics, marker-assisted selective breeding tailored to Canada but potentially applicable across the world. The best way to disseminate stronger breeds of bees will be through the existing queen supply chain but this involves risky importation so in parallel, we will develop a genomic assay to screen imported queens for Africanized genetics (Activity 2), in order to eliminate this as a possible cause of border closure. Working with a broad group of stakeholders, end-users, national and international collaborators, we will deliver: 1) ‘Omic tools needed for selective breeding of healthy and productive honey bee colonies adapted to the Canadian

climate, pathogen profile, and beekeeping practices 2) Best-practices for implementing ‘omic tools for improving bee health within Canada

3) High-throughput surveillance and compliance tools, and associated regulatory recognition, to quickly and efficiently

differentiate Africanized from non-Africanized honey bees in Canada and major exporting countries

These deliverables are expected to generate 9 measurable socioeconomic benefits that range in value from $8 Million/y

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up to $150 Million/y, annually. The socioeconomic benefits include direct benefits to beekeepers, who will spend less money and make more profits from managing healthy and productive ‘omic bred honey bees, indirect benefits to our agro-economy and food security that depend on healthy bees, and social benefits to the Canadian public who are concerned about the health of bees. We will capitalize on an excellent existing infrastructure for knowledge mobilization to engage a wide spectrum of end-users to realize these socioeconomic benefits. In particular, by engaging early adopters and connecting them with ‘omic service providers, we expect to start realizing some of our socio-economic benefits by the end of the project. Our innovative research will generate 21st century tools to solve two major threats facing the Canadian beekeeping industry by improving the health of locally-bred honey bees and mitigating the risks of importing Africanized honey bees. Through these efforts we will realize a stronger, healthier and more sustainable bee population that supports billions of dollars of Canadian crops and ensures our food security. Our research will serve as a road map for improving honey bee health across the globe. Start Date: October 2015 End Date: September 2019 Total Funding for Project: $7 334 000 (18% in Québec) Funding Sources: Genome Canada, Genome BC, Genome Quebec, UBC, York University, ACIDF, BCHPA, OBA Project title: Emerging Threats to Pollinators Principal Investigators: Name: Steve Pernal, Marta Guarna

Address: 1 Research Road, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0CO Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Telephone: 780-354-5150; 780-354-5135 Co-Investigators and collaborators (including graduate students): Names: Sophie Cardinal – AAFC, Leonard Foster- UBC, Ryan Schwarz - Fort Lewis College, Carlos Castillo and Patricia Wolf Viega - NBDC Abstract or project description (300 words or less): One of the factors implicated with declines in bee health and abundance is the presence of emerging parasites and pathogens including: the newly-introduced microsporidian Nosema ceranae, recently characterized trypanosomatids Crithidia mellificae and Lotmaria passim. There is limited information available on the prevalence of these organisms in bee species, the pathology they trigger and the molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis. Better characterized organisms such as Crithidia bombi, known to impair bumblebee health, also highlight the potential for pathogen spill-over from managed to native pollinators. Clearly there is a need to address the paucity of information on emerging disease threats in pollinator communities, and to determine their impact on pollinator health. This project aims to investigate whether these parasites are widespread in managed and wild pollinator communities, which species are present, and how they affect pollinator health. A survey of honey bees and wild bees collected in different provinces followed by diagnostic testing will provide information on their prevalence in Canada. To address the question on their effect on pollinator health, we will perform controlled infection experiments of honey bees and evaluate molecular and proteomic markers of immune defence of bees, and survival. Infections are planned with the individual microsporidian and trypanosomatid parasites, and with combinations thereof, as we have found that co-infections are common in Canadian bee populations. Start Date: April 1, 2016 End Date: March 31, 2019

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Total Funding for Project: $200,252 Funding Sources: AAFC: $200,252, UBC in kind: $50,000 Project title: Assessing the effect of sperm viability on queen performance and colony productivity Principal Investigator: Name: Marta Guarna, Steve Pernal

Address: 1 Research Road, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0CO Email: [email protected]; [email protected]

Telephone: 780-354-5150; 780-354-5135 Co-Investigators and collaborators (including graduate students): Names: Carlos Castillo - NBDC, Jeff Pettis – University of Bern Abstract or project description (300 words or less): Poor queen quality is recognized as an important factor affecting honey bee colony performance and survival. In the 2015 Statement on Honey Bee Wintering Losses in Canada published by the Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists, beekeepers cited 'poor queens' as a main cause of winter colony losses. Thus, understanding why queens are failing is a priority. There are several factors that can affect queen health and performance including poor mating, disease load, and pesticide exposure. However, the condition of local and imported queens from selected and unselected stocks in Canada is not well documented. In addition, recent data from our collaborator, Jeff Pettis, indicated that the viability of the sperm that queens carry in their bodies can be linked to poor colony performance. It is not clear, however, to what extent decreases in sperm viability affect queen performance and longevity as well as colony productivity and survival. This project aims to address this important question as well as to assess the status of queens used in Canadian operations. The results may help guide queen producers and beekeepers on queen handling and management decisions that may have a profound effect on their operations, reducing the need for frequent queen replacement and improving the productivity and survival of their colonies. Start Date: April 1, 2016 End Date: March 31, 2019 Total Funding for Project: $207,630 Funding Sources: CBRF: $6,000, Pam/Costo cash: $90,000, NBDC+AAFC in kind: $117,630 Project title: Honey Bee Health Surveillance in Canada Principal Investigator: Principal Investigator: Name: Stephen Pernal AAFC) (co-PI) Carlos Castillo (Grande Prairie Regional College) (co-PI) Address: AAFC Beaverlodge, P.O. Box 29, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0 Email: Steve. [email protected] Abstract or project description: The aim of the project is to record the nature, extent and prevalence of endemic and exotic disease and pest organisms in Canadian apiaries using advanced molecular detection technologies. This baseline information will play a central part in regional colony health management practices and provide an opportunity to identify exotic organisms before they establish themselves within Canadian bee populations. This project will also facilitate harmonization of molecular

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detection methodologies with EU reference laboratories and those of the USDA. The data generated will also support Canada’s position for international trade in honey bee stock and hive products. Start Date: 30 June 2014 End Date: 31 March 2018 Total Funding for Project: $1.27 M Funding Sources: AAFC Agri-Marketing: Assurance Systems (with Beekeeper Commission of Alberta as Applicants); Cash funding provided by Beekeepers Commission of Alberta, Manitoba Beekeepers, CropLife Canada and Syngenta Canada. Project title: Health of Bee Pollinators in Canadian Agriculture Principal Investigator: Name: Stephen Pernal Address: AAFC Beaverlodge, P.O. Box 29, Beaverlodge, AB T0H 0C0 Email: Steve. [email protected] Telephone: 780-354-5135 Co-Investigators: Marta Guarna (AAFC), Sophie Cardinal (AAFC), Steve Javorek (AAFC), Mark Wonneck (AAFC), Sonia Gaul (AAFC) Karen Burgher-MacLellan (AAFC), Rob Currie (Univ. Manitoba), Shelley Hoover (Alberta Agriculture and Forestry). Graduate Students: Megan Colwell (Ph.D., University of Manitoba). Abstract or project description: Managed and native pollinators are critically important to agriculture in Canada, yet these insects have suffered substantial losses in abundance and diversity for many years. Our team, which brings together researchers with diverse expertise, will examine factors concerning the health of both honey bees and wild bees. Honey bee colonies, located in honey production and pollination management systems, will be manipulated and intensively sampled to determine which of the major stress factors identified to be associated with colony loss in Canada, including the internal parasite Nosema ceranae, viruses, poor nutrition or exposure to pesticides, pose the greatest relative risk to colony survival. This large-scale experiment will have the power to look at the web of pests and pathogens in honey bee colonies and relate them to productivity parameters, economics and winter mortality. This study will provide clear recommendations to beekeepers as to optimal management strategies for improving the long-term health and survival of honey bee colonies in Canada. Our work with native bees will systematically identify the types and densities of wild bees found in six agricultural ecoregions across the country. Detailed analysis of bee samples will provide information on their exposure to pesticides through pollen, the diversity of microorganisms in their digestive tracts and whether they harbor known or novel pathogens. These complex datasets will allow us to examine the interactive effects of landscape pattern and pesticide use on native bee abundance and diversity in agricultural landscapes as indicators of native bee health. We will also examine the potential for “pathogen spillover”, which can occur when infected domestic hosts interact with closely-related wild populations, such as between managed bees species and native bees. We anticipate the work in this project to provide specific recommendations to enhance pollinator health and improve the sustainability of bees as pollinators in agricultural ecosystems. Start Date: 5 Jan 2014 End Date: 31 March 2018

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Total Funding for Project: $2.3 M (Honey Bee and Native Bee Activities) Funding Sources: AAFC

Project title: Understanding the genetic basis of social behaviour from honey bee and other insect models Principle Investigator: Name: Graham J Thompson, PhD

Address: Western University, Department of Biology London Ontario Email: [email protected] Fax: Telephone: 5196612111 ext. 86570 Co-Investigators (including graduate students): Name(s): Anthony Gallo, Rahul Choorakkat, Anna Chernyshova, Christine Scharf, Veronica Flear Address: Fax: Telephone: Abstract (300 words or less): My research program in sociobiology couples genomics and kin theory to detail the genetic basis of social behavior in honey bees and other social insects. Start Date: July 1, 2015 End Date: June 30, 2020 Total Funding for Project: 225,000$ Funding Sources: NSERC Discovery Atlantic Tech Transfer Team for Apiculture (ATTTA) Perennia Food and Agriculture Inc. Bible Hill, Nova Scotia

1. Project title: Influence of stocking density of honey bee hives in fields of lowbush blueberries on fruit set, berry retention, and fruit mass

Principle Investigator: Name: Robyn McCallum

Address: Email: [email protected] Fax: Telephone: Co-Investigators (including graduate students): Name(s): Cameron Menzies, Kathleen Glasgow, Sawyer Olmstead Address: Fax: Telephone: 902-957-3427 (Cameron Menzies) Abstract (300 words or less): Commercial honey bee hives (Apis mellifera) are used for the pollination of lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) in Atlantic Canada. There is currently a wide variance in the stocking density of honey bees used for

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pollination. Evidence suggests fruit set and yield are influenced by stocking density but several other factors impact lowbush blueberry yield beyond pollination, including plant genetics, soil fertility, disease and pest pressures, weather conditions, and harvest equipment. In North-Eastern New Brunswick, lowbush blueberry fields at varying stocking densities, fruit set and berry retention were monitored throughout the season, in addition to berry mass, to accurately pinpoint if pollination was optimized and if other factors impacted blueberry yields. Furthermore, honey bee colony strength was also monitored through the pollination season to deduce a possible nutritional relationship between stocking density and colony health. Start Date: July 2017 End Date: Ongoing Total Funding for Project: N/a (funding derived from ATTTA budget; funding not specific to project) Funding Sources: Growing Forward II 2. Project title: Monitoring Varroa mite miticide efficacy and resistance in Atlantic Canada Principle Investigator: Name: Cameron Menzies

Address: Email: [email protected] Fax: Telephone: Co-Investigators (including graduate students): Name(s): Robyn McCallum, Kathleen Glasgow, Sawyer Olmstead Address: Fax: Telephone: Abstract (300 words or less): Several different naturally derived and synthetic products are registered in Canada and commercially available for Maritime Canadian beekeepers to control populations of varroa mites (Varroa destructor). Miticides have varying efficacies and resistance to various synthetic miticides has been recorded in Canada. Continuous research is required to ensure industry standard products and newly registered products are effective at controlling varroa mites in addition to continuous monitoring for resistance. Three different miticides were tested in a commercial beekeeping operation in Nova Scotia and samples of bees were taken from various operations around The Maritimes and incubated with strips of two different synthetic miticides to determine percent efficacy, from which resistance can possibly be inferred. Start Date: May 2017 End Date: Ongoing Total Funding for Project: N/a (funding derived from ATTTA budget; funding not specific to project) Funding Sources: Growing Forward II Project title: Optimization of the syrup feeding method to increase cranberry pollination by honey bees Principal Investigator: Name: Georges Martin

Address: 120-A chemin du Roy, Deschambault (Qc), G0A 1S0 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 418-286-3353

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Co-Investigators (including graduate students): Names: Pierre Giovenazzo Abstract or project description (300 words or less): Determine the quantity, frequency and sugar concentration of the syrup fed to bees during cranberry pollination that would result in the best increase in cranberry pollen collection. Start Date: April 1, 2015 End Date: March 30, 2018 Total Funding for Project: 353 000$ Funding Sources: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault, Les Atocas de L'Érable, Association des Producteurs de Canneberges du Québec Project title: Evaluation of cranberry pollination deficit and effects of higher hive stocking rates Principal Investigator: Name: Georges Martin

Address: 120-A chemin du Roy, Deschambault (Qc), G0A 1S0 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 418-286-3353 Co-Investigators (including graduate students): Names: Madeleine Chagnon, Isabelle Drolet, Jean-Pierre Deland Abstract or project description (300 words or less): Determine the maximal yield attainable by natural pollination and evaluate the hive stocking rate needed to reach this yield Start Date: April 1, 2016 End Date: March 30, 2018 Total Funding for Project: 87 000$ Funding Sources: Ministère de l'Agriculture des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Animales de Deschambault, Club Environnemental et Technique Atocas Québec, Ocean Spray, Association des Producteurs de Canneberges du Québec Project title: Honey Bee Stock Performance Trial Principal Investigator: Shelley Hoover Name: Shelley Hoover

Address: Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, 5401-1 Ave South, Lethbridge Alberta, T1J 4V6 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 1.403.381.5116 Co-Investigators (including graduate students): Names: Stephen Pernal, Marta Guarna, Carlos Castillo, Patricia Wolf-Viega Abstract or project description:

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1. Evaluation of the relative performance of commercial honey bee stocks at two locations in Alberta: Beaverlodge and Lethbridge, for numerous colony-level performance measures including: disease loads, honey production, population build-up, and survival

2. Summary of quality parameters of commercially available queens (a) at shipment and (b) after one year in production; including: disease loads, sperm count, and viability

3. Correlation of queen quality parameters and colony-level performance measures Start Date: 01/01/17 End Date: 31/12/18 Total Funding for Project: $105,500 Funding Sources: Alberta Beekeepers Commission, Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund Project title: Getting more bang for your buzz: Does pollination compensate for canola yield lost under sub-optimal soil moisture, nitrogen fertilization and/or seeding rates? Principal Investigator: Ralph Cartar Name: Shelley Hoover

Address: Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, 5401-1 Ave South, Lethbridge Alberta, T1J 4V6 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 1.403.381.5116 Co-Investigators (including graduate students): Names: Ralph Cartar, Shelley Hoover, Stephen Pernal, Andony Melathopoulos, Neil Harker, George Adamis Abstract or project description: Our proposed research would investigate agronomic contexts in which the benefits of honey bee pollination to canola yield might be more pronounced, opening the possibility for strategic management of honey bee pollination at more realistic stocking rates for western Canada. Specifically, we will test whether the benefits of honey bee pollination to canola yield are enhanced under: 1) sub-optimal growing conditions and 2) avoidance of late-season compensation in which seed yield results disproportionately from later-maturing side branches versus main branches. We will also compare varieties to determine if there are traits of the variety that can be used to predict if it will have a positive yield response to enhanced bee pollination, and examine the variation in floral display and nectar reward among varieties. Start Date: May 2016 End Date: May 2019 Total Funding for Project: $281, 625 Funding Sources: Canola Council of Canada, Alberta Beekeepers Commission Project title: What is the value of a livestock forage legume (Sainfoin; Onobrychis viciaefolia) as honey bee forage? Principle Investigator: Ralph Cartar

Location: University of Calgary Co-Investigators: Name: Shelley Hoover

Location: Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre

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Name: Surya Acharya Location: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre

Abstract (300 words or less): This project has two objectives: to quantify the value of sainfoin for honey bees (nectar production, flower density, flower phenology, and pollen production and nutritional value), and to quantify the interactions of competing pollinators visiting sainfoin, to explain their observed densities. Start Date: January 2017 End Date: Devember 2017 Total Funding for Project: $15,500 Funding Sources: Project Apis m. Principal investigator or co-investigator: Pierre Giovenazzo PhDProfesseur adjoint, titulaire de la Chaire de leadership en enseignement en sciences apicoles Département de biologie, 3044APavillon Vachon, Université LavalQuébec, CanadaG1V 0A6 (418) 656-2131 (8081) (418) 953-4941 [email protected] 1- Sélection génomique de lignées d’abeilles VSH (Varroa sensitive hygiene) résistantes à la varroase / Genomic selection of VSH honeybeesPrinciple investigator: Pierre Giovenazzo PhDCo-Investigators: Nicolas Derome PhD (professor, University Laval), Laurence Auger MSc candidate, Stéphanie Rouleau- Breton MSc candidate Abstract: Objective is to identify genetic markers for VSH behavior. Start Date: September 2015End Date: September 2018Total Funding for Project: $250 000 Funding Sources: Innov’Action, Ministère de l’agriculture des pêcheries et de l’alimentation du Québec et Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault. 2. BeeProbio 2 : Stratégie durable optimisant la santé et la productivité des colonies d’abeilles mellifères / BeeProbio: Improving honey bee health with probioticsPrinciple Investigators: Pierre Giovenazzo PhD and Nicolas Derome PhDCo-Investigators: Naomie Bleau MSc candidate Abstract: The objective is to test efficiency of probiotic and nutritional supplements, on honey bee wintering Start Date: May 2016End Date: September 2019Total Funding for Project: $90 000 Funding Sources: ApisM. 3. PerformNuc: Renforcement de la compétitivité et de l'autosuffisance du secteur apicole par une production de nucléi avec une génétique améliorée / Strengthening competitiveness and self-sufficiency by improving nuclei productionPrinciple Investigator: Pierre Giovenazzo PhD Co-Investigators: Valérie Fournier PhD (professor, University Laval), Ségolène Maucourt MSc graduated December 2017 Abstract: Objective is to survey nuclei fabrication methods Used by Québec beekeepers and evaluate their efficacy to produce strong and healthy colonies.Start Date: September 2015 End Date: September 2018Total Funding for Project: $345 808Funding Sources: Programme de soutien aux stratégies sectorielles de développement 2, Ministère de l’agriculture des pêcheries et de l’alimentation du Québec, Fédération des apiculteurs du Québec et Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault. 4. Sustaining and securing Canada’s honey bees using ‘omic tools Principle Investigator: Dr. Leonard Foster (University of British Columbia) et Dr. Amro Zayed (York University) Co-Investigators: Dr. Katherine Baylis (Univ. Illinois Urbana-Champaign), Dr. Miriam Bixby (Univ. of British Columbia) Dr. Carlos Castillo (National Bee Diagnostic Centre), Dr. Robert Currie (Univ. of Manitoba), Dr. Nicolas Derome Université Laval), Leslie Eccles (Ontario Beekeepers Association), Dr. Valérie Fournier (Université Laval), Dr. Pierre Giovenazzo (Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault), Dr. Marta Guarna (Univ. of British Columbia), Dr. Shelley

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Hoover (Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development), Dr. Stephen Pernal (AAFC), Dr. Jianhong Wu (York University)Abstract: Objective is to develop genomic and proteonomic markers to help identify specific criteria of the honeybee.Start Date: November 2015End Date: March 2019Total Funding for Project: $7 334 000 (18% in Québec)Funding Sources for the Québec portion : Genome Canada large scale applied research project : genomics and feeding the future; Genome Québec and Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault. 5. CRSAD Nutrition Monitoring Study Principle Investigator: Pierre Giovenazzo PhDCo-Investigators: Claude Dufour MSc candidateProject description: To monitor the health and quality of nutrition of a set of standardized honeybee colonies managed for pollination of blueberries and/or cranberries over one growing season.Start Date: April 1, 2015End Date: May 30, 2018Funding Sources: Bayer CropScience and Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault 6. Maintien de la diversité génétique de l'abeille domestique à l'aide de méthodes de conservation de semence des faux-bourdons / Protecting the Genetic Diversity of the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera): Preservation Methods of Drone Semen Principle Investigator: Pierre Giovenazzo PhDCo-Investigators: Janice Bailey PhD (professor, University Laval), Marilène Paillard MSc graduatedAbstract: Objective is to optimize honeybee drone sperm conservation.Start Date: September 2015End Date: September 2017Total Funding for Project: $105 000Funding Sources: Innov’Action, Ministère de l’agriculture des pêcheries et de l’alimentation du Québec et Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault.

Project title: Improving Honeybee Queen Shipping Methods Principle Investigator: Name: Andrée Rousseau

Address: 120-A Chemin du Roy, Deschambault (Québec), GOA 1S0 Email: [email protected] Fax: (418) 286-3597 Telephone: (418) 286-3353 p. 272 Co-Investigators (including graduate students): Name(s): Pierre Giovenazzo Address: Pavillon Vachon, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6 Fax: Telephone: (418) 656-2131 poste 8081 Abstract (300 words or less): Recent studies have documented adverse conditions in Canadian and USA honeybee queen shipments. The first objective of this project is to obtain further information about conditions experienced by queens shipped from USA and between Canadian provinces. To do so, data loggers recording temperature and relative humidity have been installed in several commercial honeybee queen shipments during spring and summer 2017. The second objective of this project is to test different queen shipping methods (cage models, number and position of attendant worker bees within the cages) on the internal cage temperature and associated sperm viability of the queens. Shipping methods have been tested at 6, 26 and 40 °C and sperm viability of 60 queens have been evaluated. The last objective will take place in 2018; queens from the previous shipping methods will be introduced in colonies and their survival performance will be recorded until spring 2019. This study gives valuable information on queen shipping conditions and will enable an optimization of honeybee queen shipping conditions to maximise sperm viability, queen acceptance and performance in colony.

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Start Date: May 2017 End Date: March 2019 Total Funding for Project: 79 092$ Funding Sources: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault, Canadian Bee Research Fund, Bee Maid, Api-Culture Hautes Laurentides, Pope Canyon Queens

Principal investigator: Valérie Fournier Collaboration: Marc Bélisle (Sherbrooke University) Grant program: MAPAQ, Prime-Vert Project title: Impact of wildflower strips on bumblebee biodiversity and winter survival in apple orchards Duration: 3 years (May 2017 to May 2020) Total cost: 70 000$ Status: ongoing (PhD student: Amélie Gervais) Principal investigator: Valérie Fournier Collaboration: Pierre Giovenazzo Grant program: NSERC and FQRNT MSc scholarship Project title: Biological control of varroa mites using the predator mite Stratiolealaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) Duration: 2 years (May 2016 to May 2018) Total cost: 30 000$ Status: ongoing (MSc student: Sabrina Rondeau) Principal investigator: Valérie Fournier Collaboration: Pierre Giovenazzo Grant program: NAPPC (10,000USD) and EAS Foundation (3,000USD) Project title: Biological control of varroa mites using the predator mite Stratiolealaps scimitus (Acari: Laelapidae) Duration: 1 year (May 2017 to May 2018) Total cost: 13 000 USD approx. 17,000$ CND Status: ongoing (MSc student: Sabrina Rondeau) Principal investigator: Valérie Fournier Collaboration: Pierre Giovenazzo Grant program: NSERC and FQRNT MSc scholarships Project title: Impact of protein supplements on honey bee colonies Duration: 2 years (May 2016 to May 2018) Total cost: 30 000$ Status: ongoing (MSc student: Marianne Lamontagne-Drolet) Principal investigator: Valérie Fournier Collaboration: Marc Mazerolle (Laval University) Grant program: FQRNT MSc scholarship Project title: The effect of urban beekeeping on wild bee communities Duration: 2 years (May 2016 to May 2018) Total cost: 30 000$ Status: ongoing (MS student: Frédéric McCune)

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Principal investigator: Valérie Fournier Collaboration: Marc Bélisle (Sherbrook University) Grant program: Centre SÈVE (FQRNT research network) Project title: The impact of agricultural intensification on bumblebees Duration: 1 year (May 2016 to May 2017) Total cost: 14,500$ Status: Finished Principal investigator: Valérie Fournier Collaboration: Gérald Chouinard (IRDA) Grant program: Innov’Action (MAPAQ) Project title: Pollination of apple orchard using commercial bumblebees in a context of crop netting Duration: 3 years (April 2014 to March 2017) Total cost: 150,000$ Status: Finished (MS student: Mélanie Normandeau Bonneau) Project title: Impact and control of viruses associated with honey bee comb Principal investigator: Name: Rob Currie, PhD Address: Dept of Entomology, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 204-474-6020 Co-Investigators (including graduate students): Names: Steve Pernal, Megan Collwel Abstract or project description (300 words or less): The occurrence of honey bee viruses on the comb left over from colonies that have died over winter (dead outs) has been shown to have significant negative effects on the performance of bees that are reintroduced into that equipment. The proposed research will examine: (1) the effects of temperature, (2) time of exposure, (3) presence or absence of bees and (4) various sterilization treatments on the viability of viruses on honey bee comb. Finally (5) we will also elucidate what comb-related factors may interact with viruses on comb to either enhance their rate of degradation in the hive or interact with them to affect their virulence in adult bees.The results will have significant benefits for producers in that it will provide clear management options and best practices to allow them to maximize their colony performance when recovering from winter losses associated with the accumulation of high levels of virus on honey bee comb in colonies that have died over winter. This research will help to ensure a supply of healthy bee colonies for the pollination of crops and production of honey. Start Date: April 1, 2014 End Date: March 30, 2018 Total Funding for Project: $175,000 (over 4 years) Funding Sources: Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, University of Manitoba (UMGF), Canadian Bee Research Fund

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Project title: Pathogen spillover of viruses in native bumble bees Principal Investigator: Name: Rob Currie, PhD Address: Dept of Entomology, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 204 - 474-6020 Co-Investigators (including graduate students): Names: Cole Robson-Hyska Abstract or project description (300 words or less): This project is first, examining methodology for field assessments of viruses in native bees and comparing accuracy and reliability of bee bowl vs sweep net sampling, different storage media and storage temperatures on assessment of virus prevalence and intensity. The virus prevalence and intensity native bees is being examined in sites with and without honey bees to assess the potential for pathogen spillover between honey bees and native pollinators. Start Date: April 1, 2013 End Date: Nov 30, 2017 Total Funding for Project: $~40,000 Funding Sources: NSERC CANPOLIN network, University of Manitoba Gets program

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Appendix 6: Honourary Membership Nomination Letter of Support

Agricultural and Food Sciences / Department of Entomology

Thursday, October 26-2017

Dear Medhat:

I am writing to nominate Gard Otis for honorary membership in CAPA. Gard has been a full paid member of CAPA for 36 years. His first experience with CAPA was associated with a disease workshop at the University of Guelph in 1981 (Photo Attached) and he immediately became involved in the activities of the society. In 1982, he became a member of the Canadian Honey Bee Stock Development Committee (a committee of CAPA at the time) and was responsible for reporting on the activities of that committee for several years. He served as an active member of the Importation Committee from 1990 to 2005. In 1990, he was elected as Vice President and served as our President from 1991 to 1994.

Following his Presidential term In 1995 he returned to be active in CAPA committees as a member of the Research Committee and he was a full member of the Apimondia organizing committee. In that latter role, he attended all of the committee meetings and was responsible for media contacts and promotion.

During the actual Apimondia conference in Vancouver he ran the media room where he organized media contacts between the organizers, Apimondia officials and speakers.

He is probably best known to current members of CAPA as the person in charge of maintaining and policing our CAPA List serve and continues to be a frequent contributor to discussions that serve to benefit our members.

In Conclusion, I believe that Gard is extremely deserving of this honor and fully support the nomination. If anyone has any questions I would be happy to address them at the conference in Kelowna.

Sincerely, Dr. Rob Currie Professor and Head Department of Entomology umanitoba.ca

218 Animal Science Dafoe Road Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada, R3T 2N2 Telephone (204) 474-6020 Fax (204) 474-7628 [email protected]


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Appendix 7: CAPA BYLAWS

CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF PROFESSIONAL APICULTURISTS

L'ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE DE PROFESSIONELS DE L'APICULTURE

BYLAWS

Objectives of the Association 1. To promote, develop and maintain good fellowship and cooperation among professional apiculturists

(individuals whose work in government, university, or similar professional capacity involve managed bee species)

2. To create a meeting of administrative and research professionals for the purpose of discussing common interests related to bee management and effectively coordinating, where possible, their activities.

3. To aid in the dissemination of information regarding the beekeeping industry in all its forms. 4. To maintain a consultative rapport with the Canadian Honey Council and other organizations concerned

with managed bee species. 5. To maintain a rapport with professional in apiculture and related fields in other countries. ARTICLE I - Membership

I (1): Full membership, with voting privileges is open to personnel employed by Canadian Federal and Provincial governments, universities or college, and consultants who are employed in the field of apiculture or other related fields as:

x federal apiculturist x provincial apiculturist x full-time or part time extension apiculturist x full-time or part time teaching and/or research apiculturist x Full-time or part-time apiary inspectors or bee disease / pest inspection staff x Full-time or part-time apicultural technicians or technicians associated with personnel or projects involving managed bee species x full-time or part time professionals in any other capacity whose work involves managed bee

species

I (2): Non-voting, associate membership in the association may, upon receipt of application, be granted to persons who are: x Part or full-time graduate students involved in projects involving managed bee species x Seasonal and / or casual apicultural technicians or technicians associated with personnel or

projects involving managed bee species x Seasonal and / or casual apiary or bee disease / pest inspection staff x Representatives of appropriate programs within federal government agencies such as

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and the Pest Management Regulatory Agency

x The representative of the Canadian Honey council and a representative of any other organizations concerned with managed bee species.

x Members of the American Association of Professional Apiculturists x Members of the Apiary Inspectors of America.

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I (3): Membership or associate membership may be extended to persons other than those defined in Clauses I and II upon ratification by a majority of the membership.

I (4): The privileges of membership in the Association shall terminate when a current member resigns or retires from the position which established his/her eligibility.

I (5): Membership fees shall be prescribed by the members in general meeting. I (6): Every member shall receive a copy of the bylaws annually. I (7): Privileges of membership shall be restricted to those holding current membership. I (8): The decision to grant life memberships, honorary memberships, and awards of merit shall be made

by a 75% majority of the members present at the general meeting. ARTICLE II - General Meeting II (1): The annual meeting shall be held at a time and place designated by the executive. II (2): The secretary shall send all members a notice of a general meeting sixty (60) days in advance of the

date of such a meeting unless a majority of the members waive the sixty day requirement. II (3): A quorum of a duly called general meeting shall be ten (10) members. II (4): Attendance at the Association's meeting shall be limited to members and guests invited by the

executive. II (5): Minutes of the general meeting shall, when printed, be of a confidential nature and permission to

use the information presented must be obtained from the executive. ARTICLE III - Finances III (1): The fiscal year of the Association shall be from January 01 to December 31 of the calendar year. III (2): All monies and securities held by the Association shall be in the name of the Canadian Association

of Professional Apiculturists. III (3): All money transactions made by the Association shall be made by cheque signed by the Treasurer

and the President. III(4): If required, a member of the executive (Vice-President, Secretary, or Past-President) will be chosen

to act as Designate by the executive to have signing authority on behalf of the President. ARTICLE IV - Officers of the Association IV(1): The members shall, at the general meeting, through personal attendance or virtual attendance via

electronic means (e.g. telephone, video conferencing), elect a President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer and appoint the Past-President into the executive. The executive may in turn appoint other officers and committee members as may be required.

IV (2): All officers shall be elected for a two year term of office and no officer shall serve more than two consecutive terms in the same office position.

IV (3): The president shall preside over all meetings of the Association and shall be ex-officio, a member of all committees.

IV (4): The vice-president shall perform the duties of the president in his/her absence or inability to act. IV (5): The secretary shall:

1. Record the minutes of all meetings of the Association and distribute copies of these minutes to the membership sometime during the sixty (60) days following a meeting, and,

2. Send information and notices of motions and meetings etc. to the membership as required, and, 3. Maintain an up-to-date membership list, and, 4. Make arrangements to hold an annual general meeting, and other Association business.

IV (6): The Treasurer shall:

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1. Look after all financial matters (including collection of annual fees from each member) of the Association and maintain accurate financial records.

IV (6): The Past-President shall be that person who has most recently completed a term of Association President. Should the offices of the President and Vice-President both become vacant, the Past-President shall fill the office of President until an election can be held. ARTICLE V - Amendments of Bylaws V(1): Bylaws may be amended only by a recognized quorum at a general meeting and all members must

be notified by the secretary of any proposed changes in the thirty (30) days in advance of the meeting date.

The foregoing are the Bylaws of the Canadian Association of Professional Apiculturists as amended at an annual general meeting held in Saskatoon Saskatchewan, at the Radisson Hotel, December 1 2015.

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Appendix 8: CAPA Membership List

Full and Associate members:

Full Name Address Phone number E-mail

Bahreini, Rasoul

Pest Surveillance Branch Crop Diversification Centre North 17507 Fort Road

Edmonton, Alberta, T5Y 6H3 (780) 638-3995 [email protected]

Battle, Elena RR2 Site 2, Comp 44 Wembley, Alberta, T0H 3S0 (587) 297-8735 [email protected]

Bernier, Martine CRSAD 120-A chemin du Roy

Deschambault, Quebec, G0A 1S0

(418) 286-3353 #272 (418) 572-9089 (cell) [email protected]

Bixby, Miriam 2129 Sanddowne Rd. Victoria, British Columbia, V8R 3J2 (604) 808-1472 [email protected]

Borges, Daniel 108 Waterloo St. Kitchener, Ontario, N2H 3V6 (519) 580-5052 [email protected]

Bradford, Vinson UBC Bee Lab 1006-1845 Comox Street

Vancouver, British Columbia, V6G 1R1 (604)353-3895 [email protected]

Castillo, Carlos

National Bee diagnostic Centre Beaverlodge Research Farm 1 Research Road

Beaverlodge, Alberta, T0H 0C0 (780) 357-7735 [email protected]

Chagnon, Madeleine Université du Québec à Montréal 60 basse-Double

Saint-Jude, Quebec, J0H 1P0

(450)792-2227 (450) 771-7925 [email protected]

Colla, Sheilla Faculty of Envirionmental Studies 4700 Keele Street

Toronto, Ontario, M0J 1P3 [email protected]

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Colpitts , Fletcher 188 Baseline Rd Glenvale, New Brunswick, E4Z 2Z5

(506) 756-8203 (506) 461-5645 cell [email protected]

Colwell, Megan University of Manitoba 214-12 Dafoe Road

Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 (902) 880-6419 [email protected]

Coombs, Candice 9731 92nd Ave Grande Prairie, Alberta , T8H0V4 (780) 357-7737 [email protected]

Craft, Phil PO Box 259 Wilmore, Kentucky, USA, 40390 (859) 338-7237 [email protected]

Currie, Rob

12 Dafoe Road 214 Animal Science / Entomology Bldg Dept. of Entomology University of Manitoba

Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2

(204) 474-6022 (office) (204) 474-7628 [email protected]

Cutler, Chris

Dept. of Environmental Sciences Dalhousie University Agricultural College PO Box 550

Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5E3 (902) 896-2471 [email protected]

Desai , Suresh

12 Dafoe Rd, 218 Animal Sci Bldg Department of Entomology University of Manitoba

Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2

(204) 474-9439 (204) 474-7628 [email protected]

Ducsharm, Kelsey 176 Elmira Rd N Guelph, Ontario, N1K 1Y7

(519) 836-3609 (work) (519) 731-2543 (cell) [email protected]

Dunaway, Diane BC Ministry of Agriculture 5914 Soda Ck MacAlister Road

Williams Lake, British Columbia, V2G 5A5

(250) 297-6399 [email protected]

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Eccles, Les

Ontario Beekeepers AssociationTechnology Transfer ProgramSuite 185, 5420 Hwy 6 NOrchard Park Office

Guelph, Ontario, N1H 6J2 (519) 836-3609 [email protected]

Fear, Murray 200 Potter Street Winham, Ontario, N0G 2W0 (519) 820-3483 [email protected]

Ferland, Julie

Ministère de l’Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l’Alimentation 200, chemin Sainte-Foy 11 e étage

Québec, Quebec, G1R 4X6

(418) 380-2100 ext 2067 [email protected]

Foster, Leonard

Centre for High-Throughput Biology 2125 East Mall Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology University of British Columbia

Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 (604) 822-8311 [email protected]

Fournier, Valérie

Centre de recherche en horticulture Universite Laval 2480, boul. Hochelaga

Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6

(418) 656-2131 poste 4629 [email protected]

Gilson, Wendy BC Ministry of Agriculture Black horse Apiary 2521 North End Road

Salt Spring Island, British Columbia, V8K 1A9


Giovenazzo, Pierre

Département de biologie, Pavillon Vachon Faculté des sciences et de génie Université Laval


(418) 656-2131 #8081 (418) 656-2043 (418) 953-4941

[email protected]

Girard, Melissa 1426 route 138 Neuville, Quebec, G0A 2R0 (418) 909-0877 [email protected]

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Glasgow, Kathleen Perennia Food and Agriculture 199 Bernia MacDonald Dr

Bible Hill, Nova Scotia, B6L 2H5 (902) 305-1393 [email protected]

Gradish, Angela

School of Environnemental SciencesUniversity of Guelph

Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1

(519) 824- 4120 ext 58810 [email protected]

Guarna, Marta Beaverlodge Research Farm PO box 29


Guzman, Ernesto School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph


(519) 824-4120 #53609 (519) 836-8897 [email protected]

Halsall, Brent 7328 Stone School Rd. Greely, Ontario, K4P 1M3 (613) 447-4479 [email protected]

Hamiduzzaman, Mollah Md.

School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph 50 Stone Road E

Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 (519) 824-4120 #54372 [email protected]

Hares, Olivia Government of Alberta 17507 Fort Road

Edmonton, Alberta, T5Y 6H3

(780) 644-8746 (780) 554-9109 [email protected]

Harpur, Brock A

Biology Dept. York University 355 Lumbers Bldg. room 208 4700 Keele street

Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 (416) 931-3712 [email protected]

Harris, Lloyd 2839 Lakeview Ave Regina, Saskatchewan

(306) 058-4956 (306) 537-4532 [email protected]

Higo, Heather

Dept of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of British Columbia 2125 East Mall


110

Hoover, Shelley Lethbridge Research Centre 100-5401 1 Ave South

Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4V6

(587) 220-3775 (403) 381-5116 [email protected]

Houle, Émile CRSAD 120 A Chemin du Roy


(418) 286-3353 #227 (418) 286-3597 [email protected]

Ibrahim, Abdullah AAFC Research FarmBox 29

Beaverlodge, Alberta, T0H 0C0

(780) 354-5130 phone(587) 343-5378 cell(780) 354-5150 fax

[email protected]

Kearns, Jeff Government of Alberta 1031 12A St S

Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 1R5

(403) 317-2174 (587) 220-4456

[email protected] [email protected]

Kelly, Paul School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph

Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 (519) 836-8897 [email protected]

Kempers, Melanie

Ontario Beekeepers’ Association Research Office Orchard Park Office Centre 5420 Hwy 6 North


Kennedy, Karen Forestry & Agrifoods Agency Fortis Bldg. P.O. Box 2006

Corner Brook, Newfoundland, A2H 6J8


Kent, Clement York University 212B Lumbers, 4700 Keele St.

Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3

(416) 736-2100 (647) 667-5801 [email protected]

Kozak, Paul

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture & Food & Ministry of Rural Affairs 1 Stone Road West

Guelph, Ontario, N1G 4Y2 (519) 826-3595 [email protected]

[email protected]

111

Krause, Axel BC Ministry of Agriculture / Apiculture 431 Rosedale Road

Castlegar, British Columbia, V1N 4L3 (250) 608-7397 [email protected]

Lacey, Brian

Lafrenière, Rhéal Manitoba Agriculture 204 - 545 University Crescent

Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 5S6

(204) 945-4825 (204) 945-4327 [email protected]

Lamontagne-Drolet, Marianne

University of Laval 2480 blvd Hochelaga

Québec, Quebec, G1V 0A6 (418) 802-9901 [email protected]

Leboeuf , Anne MAPAQ683 rue Gringras Québec, Quebec, G1X 3T5

(418) 473-7290(481) 977-8349 [email protected]

Macdonald, David B.C. Ministry of Agriculture 237 south Ridge Dr.

Salt Spring Island, British Columbia, V8K 1Y9

(250) 538-8481 (250) 653-9999 [email protected]

MacFarlane, Scott 977 North Napan Road Napan, New Brunswick, E1N 5E5 (506) 773-3848 [email protected]

MacInnis, Courtney CW 312 Biological Sciences Bldn University of Alberta

Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9 (780) 901-2322 [email protected]

MacKenzie, Kenna AAFC Research Centre PO Box 5000, 4200 Hwy 97

Summerland, British Columbia, V0H 1Z0

(250) 494-6358 (250) 494-6515 [email protected]

MacSwain, Linda Prince Edward Island [email protected]

Marceau, Jocelyn MAPAQ edifice 2, RC-22 1685 Bld. Hamel Ouest

Québec, Quebec, G1N 3Y7

(418) 643-7255 (418) 644-8263 [email protected]

Martin, Georges CRSAD 120-A Chemin du Roy

Deschambault, Quebec, G0A 1S0 (418) 286-3353 #272 [email protected]

Martin, Jamie Lee National Bee Diagnostics Lab 1 Research Rd.

Beaverlodge, Alberta, T0H 0C0 (780)-357-7731 [email protected]

112

Maund, Christopher

Crop Sector Development New Brunswick Department of Agriculture 850 Lincoln Road P.O. Box 6000

Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5H1

(506) 453-3477 (506) 453-7978 fax [email protected]

McAfee, Alison University of British Columbia 111-2170 West 44th Ave

Vancouver, British Columbia, V6M 2G3 (778) 995-2151 [email protected]

[email protected]

McAslan, Kelly OMAFRA Ontario [email protected]

McCallum, Robyn

Perennia Food and Agriculture Inc. 199Dr Bernie MacDonald Dr

Bible Hill, Nova Scotia, B6L 2H5 (902) 896-0277 ext 234 [email protected]

McCune, Frederic 6664 Rue des Tournesols Québec, Quebec, G1G 1J6

(418) 624-9340 (418) 254-9313 [email protected]

Melathopoulos, Adony

Department of Horticulture Oregon State University 4017 Agricultural and Life Science Building

Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 97331-7304

(541)-737-3139 (541) 737-3479 fax [email protected]

Menzies, Cameron 72 Victoria Street, apartment 1

Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 1Y7

(902) 957-3427 (519) 820-2544 [email protected]

Micholson, Derek 704 Beresford Ave Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3L 1J8 (204) 997-6793 [email protected]

Morandin, Lora 1212 Juno St Victoria, British Columbia, V9A 5K1 (250) 889-8194 [email protected]

Morfin-Ramirez, Nuria OMAFRA 6 Bagot St

Guelph, Ontario, N1H 5S9

(519) 403-8250 (519) 760-3289 [email protected]

Muirhead, Samantha Crop Diversification Centre North 17507 Fort Rd.


(780) 415-2309 F (780) 422-6096 [email protected]

113

Mullen, Emma University of Guelph 50 Stone Road East


Nasr, Medhat

Provincial Apiculturist Crop Diversification Centre North Crop Research & Extension Branch Alberta Agriculture and Forestry 17507 Fort Road


(780) 415-2314 (780) 422-6096 [email protected]

Neil, Hannah

Saskatchewan Technology Adaptation Team 235 10th Street East, Unit #302

Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, S6V 0Z1


Nordin, Mylee

School of Environmental & Horticulture Studies Niagara College – Niagara on the Lake Campus 135 Taylor Road, SS#4

Niagara on the Lake, Ontario, L0S 1J0

(906) 641-2252 ext 4462 [email protected]

Olmstead, Sawyer

Dalhousie University ATTTA 2996 Miners Bass River Road

Londonderry, Nova Scotia, B0M 1M0 (902) 890-7631 [email protected]

Ostermann, David MAFRD 204 - 545 University Crescent

Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 5S6

(204) 945-3861 (204) 945-4327 [email protected]

Ovinge, Lynae Alberta Agriculture & Rural Development 100-5410 1 Ave South

Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4V6 (587) 987-7534 [email protected]

Page, Stephen Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 1341 Baseline Road

Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0L2 (613) 773-0265 [email protected]

114

Panasiuk, Alexandra Alberta Agriculture and Forestry PO Box 4045

Spruce Grove, Alberta, T7X 3B2 (780) 289-8555 [email protected]

Parsons, Graham Saskatchewan Agriculture RR5 Site 26 Comp 13

Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, S6V 5R3

(306) 953-2773 (306) 221-4970


Peirson, Michael AAFC Research Station Box 29


(780) 354-5122 phone (780) 354-5150 fax [email protected]

Pernal, Stephen AAFC Research Station Box 29


(780) 354-5135 (780) 354-5150 [email protected]

Rempel, Zoe

Bee Research LabUniversity of Manitoba1-115 Scott Street

Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3L 0K9 (204) 619-3688 [email protected]

Rondeau, Sabrina 5225 avenue des generation, #17

Québec, Quebec, G6X 2G6 (819) 691-7959

Rousseau, Andrée

Centre de recherche en sciences animales de Deschambault (CRSAD) 120-A, chemin du Roy


(418) 286-3353 ext 272 (581) 991-5566 [email protected]

Rupert, Rob 49 Ray Blvd Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 4C2 (807) 621-1745 [email protected]

Samson-Robert, Olivier

Centre de recherche en innovation des végétaux (criv) 2480 boul, Hochelaga Universite Laval


(819) 347-9900 (418) 656-2131 [email protected]

Scott-Dupree, Cynthia

School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph 50 Stone Road East


(519) 824-4120 x 52477 (519) 837-0442 [email protected]

115

Sebastien, Alexandra

Micheal Smith Laboratories University of British Columbia 436-2125 East Mall


Simko, Elemir

52 Campus Dr Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan

Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4


Smith, Tracey 11127 75 Ave Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 0H1

(780) 436-5792 (780) 802-4073 [email protected]

Soares Borba, Renata

UBC/Beaverlodge Research Farm Agriculture and Agrifood Canada Box 29


Sproule, Jason Nova Scotia Dept. AgricultureHarlow InstituteBox 890

Truro, Nova Scotia, B2N 5G6 (902) 890-1565 [email protected]

Stephens, Glyn 18160 93 Ave. Edmonton, Alberta, T5T 1Y1 (587) 938-7474 [email protected]

Tam, Janet

Ontario Beekeepers’Association Research Office Orchard Park Office Centre 5420 Hwy 6 North


Thompson, Graham Western University Department of Biology 1151 Richmond Rd North

London, Ontario, N6A 5B7 (519) 661-2111 [email protected]

116

Thompson, Tom

Alberta Agriculture & Rural Development Agri-Food Laboratories Branch 6909 - 116th Street

Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 4P2 (780) 415-4530 [email protected]

Thurston, Daniel Suite 185, 5420 Hwy 6 N, West Door C

Guelph, Ontario, N1H 6J2

(519) 836-3609 (705) 879-5778 [email protected]

Trapp, Judith 2809-128 Cordova St W Vancouver, British Columbia, V6B 0E6

(604) 822-9022 (604) 600-2614 [email protected]

Tremblay, Nicolas 120-A Chemin du Roy Deschambault, Quebec, G0A 1S0

(418) 286-3353 ext 224 (418) 806-1311 cell

[email protected] AND [email protected]

Tsvetkov, Nadia York University 4700 Keele Street

Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 (647) 833-7191 [email protected]

van Westendorp, Paul BC Ministry of Agriculture 1767 Angus Campbell Road

Abbotsford, BritishColumbia,V3G 2M3

(604) 556-3129 (604) 556-3015 (fax)


vanEnglesdorp, Dennis

Vinson, Bradford UBC Bee Lab 1006-1845 Comox Street

Vancouver, British Columbia, V6G 1R1 (604)353-3895 [email protected]

Williams, Geoff Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology

Auburn, Alabama, USA, 36849

(334) 844-5068(334) 329-8202 (mobile) [email protected]

Wilson, Geoff Saskatchewan Agriculture Box 3003, 800 Central Avenue

Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, S6V 6G1

(306) 953-2304 (306) 953-2440 [email protected]

Winston, Mark

Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue Simon Fraser University, Harbour Centre 3309 – 515 W. Hastings St.

Vancouver, British Columbia, V5B 5K3

(778) 782-7894 (778) 782-7892 [email protected]

117

Wojick, Victoria [email protected]

Wolf Veiga, Patricia

National Bee Diagnostic Centre 1 Research Road, PO Box 1118


(780) 357-7736 (780) 933-2454 [email protected]

Wood, Sarah

Department of Veterinary Pathology Western College of Veterinary Medicine 1622-52 Campus Drive

Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4

[email protected]

Wright, Daryl 326 Belvedere Street Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3J 2H3 (204) 229-9343 [email protected]

Zayed, Amro Department of Biology York University 4700 Keele Street

Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3 (416) 736-2100 x 20213 [email protected]

Zechel, Jennifer

University of Guelph Animal Health Laboratories 419 Gordon St Bldg 89


Honorary Members: Full Name Address Phone number E-mail

Beauchesne, François 3365 rue Hertel Sainte-Foy, Quebec, G1X 2J6

(418) 653-2185

Boucher, Claude 980, 81e rue St-Georges, Quebec, G5Y 6Z1


Clark, Kerry PO Box 2090

Dawson Creek, British Columbia, V1G 4K8


118

Clay, Heather 7925 Wilson-Jackson Rd Vernon, British Columbia, V1B 3N5


Dixon, Don 4635 Rebeck Rd. Narol, Manitoba, R1C 0C6


Gates, John 1262 Round Lake Rd.

Armstrong, British Columbia, V0E 1B5


Gray, Don RR# 1 Portland, Ontario, K0G 1V0

Gruszka, John Saskatchewan (306) 953-2790 (306) 953-2440 [email protected]

Jordan, Chris Prince Edward Island [email protected]

McCutcheon, Doug 2525 Phillips St.

Armstrong, British Columbia, V0E 1B1

(250) 546-0070 (205) 546-9870

McRory, Doug 187 Dawn Avenue Guelph, Ontario, N1G 5J9


Moran, Joanne Nova Scotia (902) 679-8998 (902) 679-6062 [email protected]

Nelson, Don 913 5th Ave Beaverlodge, Alberta, T0H 0C0

(780) 354-8612(780) 354-8171 [email protected]

Otis, Gard School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph


(519) 824-4170 x52478 (519) 837-0442 [email protected]

Tuckey, Kenn 3211-42A Ave Edmonton, Alberta, T6T1E3

(780) 440-3420 (780) 554-9138 [email protected]