1. ,9 I2o- Chief of Defence Staff _ Canadian Forces Hondqusrton Depu-tment of National Defence A- A-~ .- I- Ottawa 3, Ontlrio I . .)1-eraiuwunu or NA1'lONAI.ourmox/ 53E}? _- 4-, ,re A . mmzrrcnz or:LA on-Enos Manchu;'c. ,;: .. 1630 (00)canndinn Fox-oes Reornitinglkcnntro 1836 Smith same Regine,Sasbtohowen18 December 1967 UFO SPORT I ys_s_vLI-zN. _w r C .Reference:A.IRA 136 zoww Nor B.C Q V2000-16 (D Ops) of 11 Boo 67 ' 1. The following intonation is submitted in nooondnnoo with Reference Ir.2. The requested meson: -ements plus Additional measurements here beenmarked on the onolosod photocopies. 3. using th'0. 50A11 rmnmromonts were taken by e original photographs for orientation..Sequence of photogrlgapha has been marked on the bank of the ox. -iginda. The wire shown in the in height from 5 feet to 5 foot ., from I wooden spar between two poles.eatimting the position of the onxm-orn photograph are those of 1clothes line and vary 9 inches Above theground.The wines are strungh'. i.nL! .I._ x V .Y A.The dork object Above the Um in print M in I olothoa il pin.the pin is 3 inches long. b.The photos were taken with I poliroid swinger omen model 20. the focal length is not known.v of The distance betwoon osmera and fence is 335 foot 3 inches.I |This ooqld be tho maximum dietlnoo poa. sib1o, hoooune the photographer would have his back against tho homo.Eoola 2 Photographs 2 Photooopios11N uonan R ch council 0 aMda/Cgnsell n-15$ de recherche:du Canada I i. ../2W33its X7. Vol.an .7,. _j_-

2. 5 4': v ' d._ Distance between strands of herb wire i1~} inches. e.Distsnoe mm 1:} clothes line ("not power line) 3 root. '1 11} mm.;1.Height or olotheo ms.5 root. 3. Distance to W0 - boo ydo.estimated by Hrs.Brown. h.there we:no tower in the background it was A fence post.This has been removed.but the distnnoe It-on centers to that area was 1511 ydo.3. Dark ohjeot above V70 is e olothea pin.mm A.Dietenoe to "70 1&0O_yde - estimated by Mrs.Brown ' , p h.Distance 1!-om omen to wagon - 1&8 yds._" o.Dietsnoe from camera to letter '0" - 139 yda.*W ' (1. Width of letter "0' - 2 feet 11 inches 0. Distance onnern to clothes line - 9 met Width or hon-do on the onthouee - 6 3/15 inches 1. - .1. "ra'1m- Ikieutenent corrmndor Comu. udi. IIg Ottioer5,-1'. . --. -. u, . . A .1 V, -4*. __ _ , . . ,__..._V._, I. - -..- 1 3 National Research Councltot Canada/ . no 77. Vol.an [ "Con. -.eI_l national de redvetches du _Canada~. .I iJ : 1 3. I r,1~ {I u " 5; l l ' 1. 1 9| 2. )1 '1 I I I I 3. '1 .l I I I l is l ; _r~.:- I __. _National Research Councll of Canada] Conscll national delrecherchee du Canada lE 4;;KM . _ ,F ll.yr Q M103 1 to v. .aooo-I.D ova K Boo 67luv the unm. -an:of the following questions ha obtained. a.Hnlcn of oamnx.h.Focal length or O-2r1'A'o o.sequnnoo of prints. Os t~:1nt5t12~:1. n1.'rrtanoo oazm-Ia.position to ance.h.Dizrtanoa botwmn xrtrtmdn or the. h:u-bed Wire.0. nhrtanon c: me: -a tlon to poweine. a.Appmx: l:nato 1. -1 oi"pover1.im in mm. a.Distance camera position to U. F.O.1.row-:2 in haolqu-oumd.- {lg Approadxmto haigxt., 2 . lppro: in: .te dintxnoe tram ca: -ware.po. -uition.g.Dark object that : ,ppcn. r;-s abort 0.1.0.n-mt, .a. ,4. nmtaae oarrsrzz posiuoa to IIJ.0.h.nintanoo owner;position to moron. Co llhfttncn on. -. ar: ; position to latte-ru.d.width or let? /er "0". o.Diatancn camera.pooition to pmi-arlin.3. Width of hands on tho'oothonzm. RG 77, Vol.311_{ 4. I-'0'"vzooo-2. (won)I CZ'u: "xd.1.f: n Rune-a HozdquntmeaOttam A mtu-in ' Doocror,1961oonmnriim Ottinor Cmaziian Ponooo 1836 fhith St: -oatI Rogdnrz, C|uronrm=2r"*3 tn E173 l.4:1'or4:o: oI A.muss 1m9z. oz: :7wIII 1..no xhotoanphs mm law 131! B: -om lnvo been utndiocl hy the,1 Breton-nphio Into: -p. -ewtatipn Contra.nature an main-ate mamas. -.: :t own he mdo at the pbotoanpbtg : x:i~iitin-ml.inten; ~.t. iou in rwzuiroi. 2. lir. nax A dotnihn intonation which can possibly be mwv: -x'Od halhx mom axxi theontioon.mo attzxohed 11"! -Pk. -: are ~' o: :.l. nx-gcnnta oi tho Boom ghotoa nni spacing Anton-_n .2-. u jndnmtod is required to aid in raw oxmlmtion. I I 3. nm inoowiwxng otdoor 2- mo xknuu: -tad to obuorvo om.amI :1. Am this win-0::nhown from ll.min pox-ur Line ontow: -o. or b.any , tho Idrus from 1 10040. poaor lino or wooden pg}, -,: .'l milI o.ueaukwgmabmnuomnn-mcibmmmtmxaobgoetboaoJ. otho'Jpi. ntai1ofld. temote _tl: 'ot3b,1oatinthoaix4 mm 0 rbamfxT7:.5mlua. ~r Oolonul ,, ' Dinotor 0p: :'1t. iom incl..nnmc. i . 2 photogmphn I Ia/1. w. / M - -=. I National Research Councu of Canada] no 77. Vol.an Conseil national de recherche:du Canada 5. Ntlonal Researdl councu 61 Canada] Cbnsell national de recherghes du CanadaV52!HIQHOMNIIJH1/ noommi-,1967Defence mu zntorpmtnuon centre on liookolitfe, 09*-OWE,03581150nioro muuzsm - numb u. r.o. 'a Bnterneoa 1. 2050-1 (nun) 1. Doc 673. vzooo-3. (n opo) 11 Nov 671. A:roquoatod in rate: -anee A the nttrxohmnta,I-only nun Roam Recruiting Gontm yith covering photographs,may nnamf.yvuinx 1ngtbaobJao'| '.a1ghtodmIdphotop'zzpbodbyIn-s. Brcu'n. V zo_oo-I/ I61 m in ow)W. H. huma- ooxmar 1: Opt! an Badn s/1./2-2900/orG'. l' ' I nlzn; -:In'r: v;1.cIn; n I-I12: B. aforc~nc2:: II A.Iour lattvr 2m_O-h (P1: 731:) TI Cctobur 1961 I .f n.m. -.rue of -kllI: gvd :90 {V 1. '71: 16::film.i'ou'u; nrdod to this Ilo-'-dzunrtorn under your roturcncud |letter A vur.dvvalopod and studied by the Defence Photo Intorpxohation - Cntro,to9.U '- '" " " "" ". , . =;;_ _. V: , ,; ..,I l.. V -' VV PCAO79SCAORJNFt005 Ull RR nccm:_ 5 D O/ W oz nccsur 5 In/ M222 "W H H '57 I n tuaasz NOV 31 D. " . rm CANDEFRAD rnconanxncz :' 1 to nccuc/ cmronczuzo ops ~ . mro ncchca/ Rom.As'moHomcAL socxm or cmmoa cou. :c:s'm: :1' l ronowro 23 ommo RCCHCIHETEOR CENTRE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OTTAWA 2 ONTARIO I 31'uncus cr: s5c3 ,g I A shows: _ I.' ll a coma -CH cm. coumuncs:our / /9g 1 n smcu:A ,7 :3 kg;1: sxumrr nan Sm; :5? r can awz,cmmcluc to aw!to an To cnasu to com to s1x. vr: ._~:3 c sr1M.1.s: n mm noon ween THAN sun grll 20 MIN ' " J NIL I I xuo orcnscs Iuaov:nosuzon I.NIL I H ms xuzmr 55 LAKE suom:mam:rucousnrncr;om. - F_RG 77, Vol.3!!; -.,-. ., . ' E 33. 55:41 7 P 51' I QVIre; -mvvv Pcl7vS sums:ammo:J up 1,w4lJ in it 01 L%nccuc __ _-. -~*"@') O i ?n:nccstar is 10113292 [r ] 1.. . . ... .- . ... .. n. .. : - . .... . ... ..n. n.. .. me.man:.. ... .. ... ;.. ... u- . -.-. .---a ..-.4.. .. . ... W I--u an r m-.. . ~.. . -. ... -. -. . .. - -. ..:.. .. -m....... ... . . . . ...-. ..-. .. v . . ra-1. .. -.mu . ... .. ... .; . u.. v- H... ...4 . ... ... ... m . ... .uv . ,.. .~. ..a. ..u . ... .. -. .. . . s... -.. ... .u. ...1.. .. . ... .. .4.. ... ... - . ... .. ..... ... .. u . -.v -. ..... a u . ... .. ; -.... ... . ... .". ..mun: -vacuum-an . ..mm:.. ... ... ..u. ... ... .. ... ... . , ,__, .u.1.....n. ... ;. .4 . . . ... . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . ..- . ~ . .. . ... .. . . . ... ..un cu - -pm . . . ... .m... ... . -. .. . ...4 ... ... . . ...V)! . n-u . .......,. .. ... . . ... -. -. .. . ... .- . ... .. . .. . ... ... ... ... .....M. .. 1-1H .. ... . . .-... ......, r-__f__ mm: -.. . n . . . .... ... .. . ..... .-... ..-....... ... um. ... ... .. . ... ... ... ,.. -. . .. u..... . . ... .- ... u.. -. . . . ... ..-. ... ... -.. .m. .-. -.. ... .. .-. . ... ... ... -_: II4 mu . . . .. . ... .. -. ..... .. . . . ... ..-mn. :-. ... ..-- uq --. ... ... n.-. .-. ... u.. ... ..~-. ... m.. ...mm--- . ..... ... . . ... .,. ... ... ... ... ,. . .:. ... _.. ... ...ma-an->1. . ... ... ... . . .. . .. . ... . . ... ... . . -.. ... ... ... ... ... ..... . ... .. . . . u. . . -. ... . -. .. . ... ... ... ... ... . . .- . . . _,, . . u.. ..... ... ... ... ...an u. .. . ....... ... ... . . . . ..... .. . . .-. mm. .. . ..uu. ... y.. ..uuun I our-n nu-sun Ilno-I nnnln m u. .-< . .. . ... .. x~. u-". .. mmIDNaall Runudl Council oi Glnldll R6 77. VoL )| l (Amen nnuuul dc ndserches du CanadaAR| llVl. G FROM MARS RY U70)1:.ncenl yuu Ibnr rm.um.mmy uvuxu ul un. Idanl| l|t-d rm. .. uh, lrl'll (um _upuny nun mt Hm ihvl mum wt!Lu on On: -bvr 4, I957. rmm mm In mm nu qu-mun Inn Inn r-I---d 11 I0 V! -"Mr "H l| 'Un -I-Inn hue mm mm Hun or r'rn. I. pr1u5'l I--mu umolmuu hunct Umllv KM NI-I" In Lhh 'Pl! knn ta-be-n mngny ;we - -am cap-mm la n zonnaunmu uxvnl um um nu mzmmul rum:to lnllevr.no-1 ncnnnlll nun nun I: -rllnnilu mun um ms uro'n cums lrum Mn:an Vuul,praxrmn;I4: ru-all Ihr uunnnu In nnlutnl phnntuma wmrh an . .. 1 won kminu Ihry mum xx. rm AI . .1w| u|appm: :nxnum- q-mumu-1..nnolbv-1 01 not UR):luvs unto [ram Mu:or van.n In nu lnoiu um 11 nnmmu um KM um am:In mu .qua v-nu-h In Inn 111 Vnwl xhrlr arr -perm:{avurnblu um-.mm:-an u body (an be | -umrn-1 an um u -1n Ir-vcl Alan:A In| nIrunIn~- mun mb| L arnnrq .1 IN pun ul Mun lor vmun) pm u Ir. plum comtl m In u ml , ,.: |.. . For Isxxmplr,uvuuuq (lmul (ur llunchlng 4 vu. -1-nuxnulro vmu have been In -I u Orlubcr 27, 19115, Julw 5. IOI7 nr-.1 Jnnuu) H.1969. Ind lur MuI. l)remh1r 2).IBM.Jlnuty 20. mm and r-mu-ry 21, mo).m'A(I:IIA. c'I)lK)Ux.om:Pr1Mn omru mm)0: (null:lherv . .. llmllllIIIUIJDIIl| |1|II| 'I1llul| I! |lI .npzru mam (mm mm (ur -inn] L.nu e-rm.mm ID!rub 0| nun manna;Mnzrl,mu wumm - com-mun;nmm mu..1 (he -mn.1'n-u larunlslr mum nu. .. rum:u | nlrr11|I 01 um:sat up far vmun um Ibml no my.lur Mu-.Adu| I1. In um rate,In:mum:u .dale uypyonm-unn In the um-u:p-nod M nu mm-1. lnr Venn,lbw Ilynxlir . -ma vannl . ...s7w. smu1.u dnyl,ms (or nun.mm.7611::aomuy . Ont mum than moon In-auvau ol20d: yI. uy I0 day:an rum:um:ul 1 uvonhh rnn|min.and Incl In no In:mun) we n In:ugmm In urh luth"lu0l1blt -n-nu Iunrul.nan nlxlnd In.(Nun) um.ll | huI- rue no In!II n In mt mmlnr M Ul'0'l In lbvln Iu-.Ibru | | would bl unhkcly (ht!my (Ol| l1dlrAbIr numbvr ul UVO'I Ind bum anirla {mm In:or Vvuu. unmmm II cumn Ia run the quuumum -mun:or rm 1 Mnunn nr - Vnnnua would sled In navel In a mzmmum-uurn urlm.Ilnv I nu-I1 u-um um unmhgml tn-| nn Imm my part M an uuuoru mu ctnnu In true!by mm.mm [u! B.l mu um m| r.| mua ma uz-onmmrr oi mun. Tm:in appmalh to In:|1l(: h|rm(In In-Arne-1 1 any hnm. -1. om run mun n ml at up um- uhuned ln lhl nu.Ind Iuul Al the rrnnd 4:!r In now n ma um -u murw-I Inunnq In um dlrrclkbn | | -mm run | H|rAmIhm: I Mun | ur Vmm m :mnumummurgy mum.Roughly Aw-Inn.A warm v-mrlu hum Hall llxulmxvrrlzhellse urn:lmm humane and am xmm Venus ms-um to our- uuu In um um.rm:nnl mum quuunm utulh-I um um:ul Iupmnh -u -nonnod vlih Ibo svnlpn unum mm In Iparr run we uu lhr lrun In my am:In warn n ulai n.mmocnon ummm-ur-. Nu:to Look n ma eI1mnr'. AhIlulLl'0 a um-s lulvven lpllnlrr a.mo ma mew-nu 3|,nu -u rnnuned,um.um . .c an day:run launi In um IMIrvI| . 2 [or vuuu ms 4 [or Mun nrrular pulhl van u ummrnrvmu lnhuulllnu In compuunq urn mm:tar wane vvharlan,an In yxrutnlnr cum-my : - run-. mleud u mu eh--u In nllni my my -mmmu nl Lhe rm. - pnuu.In Tuna I bekm,nu mm: -u ul Um:rrpulltdln am In at znmyn II 11''.III I0 5* (amp-r, n.1 mm ms nu":-um: -r x um:{-1 10-day Iv-I-Iv-|willv Iv WI.=MI| "Y- l- 53. .- . u.r I 1 -.nnu I E vuwrr NUIIIIIII worn mo Supt.I-2! Vomu I use not.3.2; Inn I In:Apr.Io - M11 I van I mo you.no .um.1 Ian 2 mm mm.ID - Doe.I vom o ml In.all .Ayr.I5 Inn I mu Jul at - my ll van I.ms Jun.2|) .Vth.ll Voun 2 ma Inn -21 um I use $41-I.3| In Ion:Doc.:1 M!In 8.l'IB canontndn III:Inun Ibo mam mm.In Immu um Iumuu -In Vouothnn in non hon unsung In umIuunlrrl II . I .11. wt. .. our [oil hnekln onnlu an urtioa Inn -am.In uyo-n mma.no andZ I nluu cut III III U70 comuu In Inna:In pmpor dlrvdlon In Inmate Ihal II had otlpnnlnd an n or Vuml.' . |chrln ll.sunny.Iron Unlvltllly -u' . .x,_-'%_. I - . ' -I~. ~ - . .Op:10 _ Ciro File-National Research Council of Canada] RG 77, vol.an n 97. 7v 2ooo-4. vo1,2/to Ops)Canadian Forces headquarters Ottawa lo.Ontario3 Septeaber,1967 coanender Training Ctand westvin,Manitoba At IINVLLSTIGATIL-Il_ OF UP0 SIGWPIIO FAQOQQ LAKE - 20 MY Reference:A.Your nassage Ply tr;5237, 17 August 1967 B.our message Ops 1.1.0, 28 August 1967l.Returned herewith are personal items the property of P:5. Hichalak. 2. The soil samples forwarded tcmm headquarters for analysis have been found to be contaminated and as such it is not intended that this itun be returned. 3. Your co-operation in respect to this investigation it appreciated. it h.N.humor 1- _ __ Colonel Director tpcntionsn"/ (J U. r'.{/A- f. u.l->*( -l " W U} 'Cn(LbUv'*- / L--v / -( / vv~uv? sn-AL -3--v . , ,c . _ r. sl;V!noxlf Ow-3 >654. Var!/ , L I ].t9-I-aw. -. __. ._ DID I17'IIIO~l| -III-TIIIN Czglotil Rt: -search Council of Canada] RC,77. VOL 3 se nauonal de recherches du Canada 106. 1 < '_~. __ : = _.~_. ... -.____ .._~__~_ _-. x W A A M /. ' I ,' .' .' J( command-r or NNHONAL nzrnoclt 13; mme-rt-us on us ohms:na-nouau 8',V , ,~, _,, ,_ 2ooo-to (Fume) -Training Gemsnd Headquarters Wcstvin,Hnnitdaa 1 Sep 67 Referred lo 9 1 ' ' EP 3 1957 He Ne ..'2,n-upCH6. no /17Attention:D093 14 (W/0 Robertson) V / National Research Council 1 C Consell national de recherclzgs '. ',g: ,, da1"._1=[_| SUPPIEXENTAL REPCRTum mvssrmu-xon - nicou was IBeteronoe:20001-h (FLITRO) 27 Jul 671. Following an informal report from the hour to the streetthat the samples submitted to OFHQ for analysis had proven to contain considerable radio activity,and that a representative from the Deptof National Health and Welfare was being sent out to investigate further,contact was made with all those concerned and a decision was mndetoaL'. "Im. omguee an-.Hiohslak again with the view to ascertain- ing the possibilities of his home and himself being con- taminated by the materials which he brought out as samples; and1:.Investigate the alleged landing site or the object,since Mr.Hiohalak had now been to the eight twice since his initialencounter.(Mr.Hiohalak admitted having taken Kr.Thompson,mo,into_the site on 11 Jul 61). 2. Although Hr.Hiohalnk had previously been meet uncooperativeregarding taking either the rriilitary or HD1511 into the site,once the possible gravity and implications were rnade~c1ear to him,he volunteeredto lead a party into the area.The new arranged with Kr. mosa1au-a employer for.him to be off work on Friday 25 July without' loss or pay. 3. The ground party consisted oi the tollowing personnel: 8/1. P nuaxy - TQH9Hr.Stephen HiohalakF/ I. J.Smith - BNDO CPD WinnipegCpl J.Davis - RCMP CID Winnipeg . Oonet J.Zaolcarais - RCHP CID Winnipeg Mr.8. Hunt - Radiation Protection Div,Dept of Health and WelfareOttawa I Hr.D.Thompson - Hnnitcba Health and Welfare Dept Winnipeg. ../2RG 77. Vol.3!! 107. 2. erCpl it.Read - CPB Winnipeg Nuclear [hf Trainingcpl 0. Shepherd - CFB Winnipeg Photo SectionDND radiation detection instruments "Radiac Meter S016-Oamna and CW 700-Beta/ Gama" were employed in the area.Mr.Hunt also had an imtrunent of unknosm nonnclaturs,which appeared to be more sensitive to the DHD equipnent. 1;.Prior to entering into the Woods on 28 July,Hr.Hichalak Issntioned that during his 17 July visit,they had encountered torrential rains and extremely h h winds while in the area,to the point where they (he andMr.Thompson thouglfthey were subject to her:frm flying limbs and broken trees.The local Falcon Lalcs RCMP verified this downpour on tin date.It was therefore thougltvery little evidence say be available from which samples or deductions could be made. 5. Hr.Hichalsk successfully led the party to the sight,in approxinatoly 145 minutes going through considerable heavy bush,brush and undergrowth. The site was within 50 yards from where the ground party had searched on1 Jun 67, but was not visible at that time because of the heavy bush located between the two areas.'I 6. The attached photographs were taken at the site. No 1. Taken frm apprcxisately 12 feet up in a tree facing in a southwesterly direction,showing the outline of an approximate 15 foot diameter circle on the rock surface where the moss and earth covering he been cleared to the rock surface by a force such as do by air at very high velocity.For comparison,the prospectors ax and Beta counter were left in the approximate circle centre.Outlined in red is the area where No 2 photo was talcsn. Ihis is an enlargement of the -only area (and very cull approx 14 inches in disaster) where trnre was any indication of radioactivity.Further saaples were talsen fru this area,and frcu analysis there also proved to have a Radius source,siailar to the previous samples analysed. This photo was taken facing approximately southward,to show the algae of the area within the circle.The white paper in tin centre of the photo 1 is also visible in K apprcxisately the upper centre of this photo. also taken frcn the tree with Mr.Hichalak standing in the spot wlnre he allegedly made contact with tin outer surface of the object and Just forward of were his cuter shirt was supposed to have been left after he put out the fire.No particles of burned shirt could be located even though a very careful examination was aade by several stars of the teal. . ../3National Researdw Council of Canada] RG 77, Vol.Ill Conseil national dc rechcrches du Canada - 108. 3.Ho 5. Taken facing am:direction.The figure 5 is in the approximate position where the second object allegedly hovered.It -111 be noted on mm photo,that the objectwould have had to rise directly upwards before proceedingin the southwesterly direction,which is the direction Hr.Hichalak asserts the object took. No 6. Is an enlsrgseent of tm srea in the upper centre section of photo 1, indicating the cleared surface. No 7 and 8. Also enlargements of two areas around the perinster of the circle. 7. A very intemivs radiao check was conducted on the surfaces surrounding the alleged landing site to chteraine if there were any other sources of radioactivity or if some may have been washed sway with the recent heavy rains.No other source were located.8. The trees withinythe 35-ho foot diameter of the alleged object were examined fa indications of heat burns or disturbances,with no results. 9. Hr.Stuart Hunt was to have provided a report for inelueiaz in this report,but unfortunately he returned to Ottawa,unknown to the undersigzhd, without contributing ease., the delay in aubniting this report. However ' attached is a copy of the LastRCMP report which is,again,very ouprehensive31. .I 3 a .In addition to the discrepancies outlined in para 22 of t. he'Ra4r' ieprt,the following are also submitted:va.Consichring the sins of the alleged wjeot (3$, hO ft across),it is highly unlikely that it could have aade a descent into and ascent fro:the area searched without having aade contact with ease of the surrounding trees.Ive if it was not coqaletely heated on the surface,there should have en so"-s evidence ofhaving brushed a tree or some bark rescved.Yet there was no indication at all. b.One thing which was not brought out in the R01? report,it was provsn that Mr.Hichalak does comune alcoholic beverages,in fact to sue octuiderabls extent.After caning out Ira the alleged site,Hr.Hichalak was purposely taken to the use barwhere he had oonsuned the five beers the night prior to his initial encounter on the 20 Kay 67. / CODANational Researdw Council 01 Canada/ , RG 77, VOL 3" Conseil national de recherchesdu Canada 109. 5.. .,-, --_-r I. -~. ' Foe: "'"* : ,a. 'lo1:M-ii cf; ,.__ of"; : ->, =*-. ==v_'. :x. . . .'0. - >; .: .: ..'. -u*: :. - T ~ " Y /. ' - _ .M . A . _ ,..p xJ ' hi Although he declined the offer of beer (it could not be H I determined whether this was done because he did not like beer or not) ' he did accept the offer oi several Rye "Presbyterians" (rye, and half water/ ginger ale mix),in fact he even went so far as I to purchase a round of drinks for the group.He appeared to hold Y his alcohol reasonably well,although it was noticed that he T5 did loosen up after the third drink and become quite gay,telling , numerous stodss.Hhen questidned about the vast discrepancy in, direction the object departed,he Just shrugged his shoulders and I laughed it off.When last seen,he was in a jovial mood,remaining ain the bar,presumably to await the arrival of his two assistants |tron Winnipeg.Hence it is very possible that Hr.Hichalak may _1 have had A private party on his own the night of 19 May,which 1' in turn could have causedvhnlucinations the following day.This is ' only a suggestion,since there are so many unexplainable factors I asswiated with this case. c.As pointed out in the R134? report,the complete removal of all evidence from the site unless it highly suspect that it was never there.One wmld have thought some shreds or burned shreds or ,burned shirt particles would have remained,even after the two months elapsed time. d.The tape (metal) was reported as having shown signs of radio activity,yet it was left approximately 100 feet removed from the small area located within the circle.It is possible thetape may have become contaminated through contact with the eanples submitted._. _ 2-. -.e.Hr. Hart had,subsequent to the site ennination,advised that ' samples which he had taken showed no signs of radiation.on an instrument in his possession. f____. .. xV 11. Again as stated in the RCMP report,there are certain facts,such as Mr.Hiohnlals illness and burns and the very evident circle ramming at the site,which are unexplainable. 12. It is understood that Mr.Stuart Hunt-has made cartact with H/0 ' I Robertson at CFHQC It is assumed he at that time submitted his repeat on ( his findings.Internally,Hr.Bust did state that he thought the source of ]'radiation may have been planted,althoug:be had no firm convictions to support this statement.Squadron Leader _ Investigating Officer.r . Training Oorunand noa National Researdi Councll of Canada/RG 77. Vol- 311 _ V _ 7 M ii Conseu national de recherdmes du Canada - I e W J I I ["1 110. itT. MINIKYCRII OF LADlPAITN! P|4V or * sANrt NATIONAL:ET nu a'IN-CTR:SOCIALNATIONAL HEALTH AND _N: LrAnE Radiation Protection Division Bx-ookfield RoadOttawa 8September 15 ,1967Uur File:1107-44-6Relerrod to Chief of Defence Staff - _'Canaoian Forces Headqugu-tors,SE?19 1967 Dupartment or National Defence, Filo No 3.'' "Ottawa L,Ontario.1 V eAttention:DvP3 I.('. -./ c Robertson) .Chg'd.to Dear 511': Please find enclosed Ii cooy of lgir.:: .h; . Hunt's renort on his invoatirationa at Falcon lake,Manitoba,during the period of July 26 to Iuuzust.3. As you are awnre,our interest in this mzttter arose from the fact that contamination was detected ' in certain -samples submitted to us.It was considnrel n~. ce-= a:. r_y for us to eutablinh that thv, -re was , no ha/ ,ard to nublic health from ~f1d0:bD! I. !=d couitzxminatim,1nd to uncertain if noosiblo the oriyin or thv radio-nativity.The first objective hna been achieved by Hr.Hunt;however,it wan not possible to dntemine / /how Radium 226 happened to be found at the site in question.we are always interested in all sources of ionizinov radiation,and I would like to assure you of our cooperation at any time in the future if the presence of rudioactiv, ityia suspected. Yours very truly,/at H V/ ,A. K. DnaGupta,Ph. D.,Hand,Safety Assessment and Control Section. Bncl. -A *- -- ~ . _.-. :.; ,. . ., . .--. . Mu;. . .u. .,.___ . .A_ _ ,_ _ ...,, N~a. t'ional Researdw ouncll 61 Canada].RG 77 v 1, 31 1 Oonsell national de recherche:du Canada ' .c _.- - - 1. . 111. J.' . v. 3] , . ." v ' /MEMORANDUM m, ,,, ,U, _,. m; : 12;. -. . v ta voun ml Na "I /' vans donmCUII Fill NuM. ..1107-, u-omu > M, -ept, e.mb*r 13, 1967u ...1.1 A.July ')7 the hysica aection of thin Division monitrorred on -: ;.1:' E:'2,.. -. .:-. .z2. Crime Detection Laborat. or5',Ottawa,samples of 3311, n mu..-. .M :16 ; ;t. c:, -1 tape for poasiblo radioactive c nt: .:: .. m=t.1on.- geran-~*_x- ;_nu]_; ,': ;}5 of t. he_ thrct sampla revealed activity levels or up to. -In 12- U I21 oz E. u or its ]u1V81OI'| t. I'M 5. v. ;.;1c. -s . -we ueen C-;1lr. cted .. .12. ;-rs 1.. n. -36 '4;-rv : '.m}~-1~ 1". u: -. - mu: -r.Thnre us-.3 no evidence of am : .a. i:; .u: h;'J~. t.; -. ' .1 19 V,inn:hrs-.- . ./1. iasky,Cpl.Pavia . md . -e. -3:n-3 . 'honrgn_-. rxI xv - : ..iunce of Hr..3. Iuichalak 10cxLd jlh Lin zny . t. rL'-"-4.:1. ' . ~:': -. uAde ilichalnk to take us Lo the *5. - -rd thr:.1-. (;._ owl-:1,.. . up and of the visit 1:.st.111,a; ,,. eam:m1u: 'e1y um he 9 . . i - 2 1* 2 mi 11-:would lone too much money by nisninr,1 days amrk.; - :. 1 - ' u '. ..d m. er: ngnnd%: v:p1-so of rock,5011::And ve-2t. ~.t. ; rn -" 11-ctud 2;-- . ". . . r. =-..'hesa anrrqylea were located in his basvzmnt.A su: Vvs; ' of . . . - : .x. a- A nu -. -vwlence of am loose cf-ntaminataon.. rliation fie-ld. -. xv w 'L--'3:Am;:r v; .12 plastic bags cmtaining sail . -uxi '. ,': .e r= ma. m|t. r. of " r " nrn ; m}: f. . Nichalak 1:11. at.first umrilling,Lo part.with the 5 mplea l~. - nllowad : h- undersigned to have part oi thv samples from web ' ' ' "513, -''-r.Hichaldk has no respect for er-nt. :s; .1irx-1?. -rd mt. --rmla.. . - -ulr. -Ln. -d soil with his bare hands,and was made to wash . .- 9,-.1!! -1?.difficulty,During our conversation with 1-iichuluzc he -rsun or uzo-Jg'raph9 t. .x: en 1:,Life magazine repre. :em, at. ivgs.mesa . "/2:;ofsite and colour photos of the burnt:on his T)bdu: 'Ih0togI'-'~; .vha taken by Life I~'agnzI'w,cm:.~; ,? n I r . f ' -r . .'i 9! vegetation in the writer's aninir-n is '1 ebI-te-I'--l9o Landing area was carried out,using a Ir: u:orlal- . ."lh,aid .1 Civil Defence WV 700 survey mater.nv:small z-rm zinat-ad.Thia was located across th:crown of 22-. " rock. ~ '11 of :mtnnimtion about 0.5 x 8.0 inches on one side oi" the .. , v-' .119 ulichen and ground vegetation cun. :m1na. ed _; u.= :t I1': n whole contaminated area was no larger than 100 square - 3 r X"Invcv4I. " arena were checked for possible c: .nta: .-ainati2n,but!.-plea oi the contaminated rock and licuon ware taken far. ..:_ 1 -"3 " . . .2' wt -.2 9:- v, v... r ;,~_*' --; . v~5-! . '.' .2 ': :. .r. , , : - Ih T . ' :It jrupha of the are were taken by 1913. 5'-haphilrd and J; -Vls I. u.-.. . nee there was no serious health hazard involved due to" .2 .2 . e -;~. :' the area and also due to the fact that th majority oi the1! -- .n 4 mi tauen for samples,no further precautions were felt necessary . .. .sun..rior to returning to Winnipeg,it was aiegnded that Km .A-mi Thmquon would try and ostablieh the source of the radioactivity;v ' ,Ln, '-51'.tr.Sir.3. Thompson.0J 1 ..-at 1-'-*. , 0900 hra.- bamplea from ? |.F.0. sit, and those taken' ' r_r -.r-: ..I= . s.r: -:.Jo-nee were checked under a U. V. light in the i-Jnvironnnntal An r. -.'i-an I.t: ri1tduced to us by Mr.Dyck.Dr.=-.1-truth had examined . r;L-Auk had rvceivud and he felt.that.Lhr-y were thermal burns.-". .lH: -. had been sent to ; inawa and gut.in the . I.R. C. b.11."r~n; h w ." '. -2-~n 7:10 rv>". .lt. :1, rue under-toad that no inzea. nd actity Pr.set. -o at rinawa had apr-a: -enbly Contact-ad Dr.iielnuth . .-1' -U-: :a1ak x-wceive ps; /chiat, ric tr-. -at x-12:.vwmv-= :', L. -,-1'rxut. h ..- x. cce: :"ar')'~ Dr.lI. J. u. u]? r-H,"3xw~n. .ve L1ro2-tar 1the '. ..'u .Hm:.. sk: d b_" Dr.-clmum H r we rNr' tn "w~ P.ws.Ion I ' Int x3 h: uw- thv sax. -x, >1e: I w-.. .._-W' wt, ' fa _~*' Z: -4. x - -.. W~11 I I. :.13:; m': .: ,; :"u: z": .?. : : .": ':; ::: Ila been here floariellag ufllu) ' One alclal aid that my ahlrt and body rraa barbed I by altraaotrir:taavea.rrltlla another loela that it Iran a ' tlxerrtal raaetlon uuaud by a hlaat ol hot air under ,proaaare.- adiolnglata lava aalrl that radiation lwnd at the wane Iran a product al nuclear llaaion.lite that e-nlttad rm an atnraic reactor.' Another doctor. r.ald than were lndlnarlnna of the praaennc it!the gamma raya ailch nrlaht ha_ra canned I,:5. lturna and an.i-main.deterioration cl load in no my atotnacl:which would have named the aalul acne!ll I had experienced.I 1 I M-wanlrueaauy In If:1::lllielgg ,,= ; . :'. ':. . L. .. 2 ; __~: .;: L, .14. . '-: :.-. L,. .:1 National Research Council of Canadal .RG 77. Vol.311 Consell national de recherche:du Canada 144. X}.sense I an ZE2z: mzmsEacie, Says Jwiciaaazl/5I1 Dllll IIODOSONIons recalls In I Vl| nnlpe|Inn rlslmufhe nu burned by In uldmwhd llrlnl owed. has;in:bed under s dodorI esre.hunmsrh hove returned. no mss.Sun llkhslsk cl an usduy sued,he s pslun cl rd tens or turns down his (heel snd sumsrh.no alter Is Hunirsl Io ilul sf Ins ms to says he received Ina s hovtrlni Ilnschlne" lsls Issl Ilsy Ml north sl token Lsh.Ms. Ilr.ilk-hslsl nu pm-mun] Ilene.when he says he hurt mu nulls] slruule solu-I. locked up Is see "Ito shims remlng out cl the soull- net. Mr.Ilkhslsi ssys lbs!who he eppresrhcd ens sl use when um lber lsndei.he heard wakes lhrouxh sn nun part.when ths pod cloud.Ins! nun Mun s psturl cl Iclls - hurslng hls nndcnhln Is I [romaine psllsm.,lls nil flhesdsy ms usu of turns on:returned | e his body sod he rornplslns of "Mn rornlu Ihrn Inside. "The IO " x) C, U,(1 I I 'L? I y HI I a J I mi ' V1 *1 I" ~ WE I JU- .1" 1T I,1. .' 6 .L._' ' l . _,. _.___, _a_ __L_,M1.7 H _ National Research Council oi Canada]RG 77_.Vol.311 Consell national de recherche:du Canada ', ,K_ 168. 0 COIIKIIONOINCI V0 I - I VOUVI QOWNIIPONDANCI OOIYII AOOIIIIIOI VII ADIlIII COLIII IU| Vv.. 1:coumssnoucn .3- ' _.' c ca cowmnasauna ROYAL CANADIRN NOUNVED POLICE '-1' v OKNDAIMKNII ROVALE DU CANRDAOTTAUA 7. CANADA v._ .OTTAWA 7. CANADA '.uaaoouanrawa omcc'rIou oininacavouu N0. _ 7 OTTAWA 7, CANADA vornz 34 'own no.HQ: jgQQQ. ..5 [H))NOT! !! NDecember 24, 1969.oiMr.Pierre Choquette,Administrative Planning Services,National Research Council,Building M - 58OTTAWA 7, Ontario. Dear Sir: Stefan MECHALAK - Report of Unidentified Fl ing Object, Fa con Beach,Manitoba 20 MAY 67._______ ---. ... ---. .--.5.-----. --. .r This is further to telephone conversation between yourself and Sat.Bisaillion of my staff.Attached is a cop of telex messa e CIB Sail together with hotofaxed setch mentioned n the telex.Perusal of al R. C.M. P. files has failed to reveal the presence of the original sketch and we have no record which would indicate that it ever entered into the possession of a member'of our Force., Yours truly, , &A. .; _R. E. llhir 3/Inap. , Assistant Officer in charge,criminal Investigation Branch. INational Researdw Councll oi Canadal RG 77. Vol.31! Consell national de recherche:du Canada7 V 169. la 24 decembre.1969Mademoiselle D.PsqueueConseil privi- Clnmbre 7|0Hope Building Ottawa 2'.OntarioChine Mademoiselle Paqueitc. Le Conseil National de Rechrerchss n'sst pan on polsesslon du dessin do M.Michnlak.montion dana sa lsnre du 8 dcombre. Aprhs avoir oxamin notre dossier j'ai communiqu avec le Lt-Colonel DJ.Robertson du ministers do is Dioncs nationals et la Sgt.Bisqillion do is Gendarme: -lo royals svec 1'ospoir qu'ila pournisnt Giro utiles.Aprhs ieurs snquates rsspsctivos ils m'ont tons don:indiqus que le dessin n'tait pas dans lour possession.ni I Otuwa.ni I Winnipeg. Si M.Michaiak saitqui il a confi son dessin.cc renseignemsnt vous seralt sons doute mile.l J:me liens I votrs disposition pour vous donner.oi besoin est,do plus ampies renseignoments. I ' Bion I voueP.J.ChoquettsNational Research Council of Cansds[ RG 77, Vol.III Consell national de recherche:du Canada . 170. ,. _.aa. .'. --..1 2'Clltl IDDIIICltltallcu ADIIIIK VILIGIAPUIIOUKPLIAII OVOVI VILI No No DI OOIIIII A IAPDILIINATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL CONSEIL NATIONAL DE RECHERCHES CANADAT0: National Research Council of CanadaIn consideration of being allowed to examine the Non-Heteoritic Sighting files of the Upper Atmosphere Research Section of the Radio and Electrical Engineering Division,National Research Council of Canada.I hereby undertake to keep confidential and not to release through newspapers,printed articles,radio,television,or any other publications, or news media,any personal name or names learned from thisfile,without prior permission from the person or personsconcerned. Signed-National Research Council oi Canada] RG 77. Vol.311 Council national dc recherche:du Canada 171. ,r_Ill1 Fr . National Research Council of Canada] '. |.. -2rue DND/ UARzoo ;W 9- *5Photo of UFO drawing stamped WG 67348 2 drawing seems to be ahout ll"):12''. 1700 E 20 May 1967 7 Mr.S.ichalak.Winnipeg.Manitoba.at Falcon Lake.Manitoba,4941)!9515WUFO reportS/ L Bis sky investigating Officer (appt'd 23 May) " at 2000 - 4 (FLYTRG)'Training Command Headquarters,Westwin Man. Michnlak photographed with picture on 22 May in Winnipeg TribuneRCMP - Inspector Perry and Sgt.Morrisson 22988 works for PerryCFHQ Ops 42! 2321002 May 1967 by Bisskey 'mentions Annex C photos of the shirt and cap as well as the ori inal sketchof the UFO. drawn by Mr.Michalak.(Mb -7/n7*J n no ' ? ) Aug.17 cable asking for return of glove,shirt and cap.Investigating Officers -I-IL J.Smith CFB WinnipegCpl.J.Davis RCMP cm WinnipegCoast.J.Zachiarais RCMP CID WinnipegCpl.D.Shephard CF3 Winnipeg Photo Sectioncruo I/ co:D. r. Robertson on-.Ops.2.5421 2 -. Major sam crim-RG 77, Vol.311Consell national de recherche:du Canada' 172. -r 2. _ . _ _o-- _ __ ~_-.- , g-_~. . - _ _ - _, , . ... . . _ _e: ... . _ -J - ""'K33"L. -:-' WM V f _j. -__ ' ' *4 ?p 1 u i - H_ i 4, ' NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF CANADA ,1, 35 '30 I - A couszu.uanomu.oz RECNERCHES on CANADA l g"ANpugg; . IILI I0 . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...H I ,9 Mn... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .....Sgt.Bisailllon ' 5-6831 ' Dr.Millrnan 3-9245 ' _{ Mrs.McCall s3931s 3; Photo Establishment I ' Rockcliffe .3-2237 _ [K _ Miss Paquette 6-5263 I r};' s I I 1 5 ll :L:! I p A l 4 i.N Ir VOII III:ITI1 '5.F !' f K V _ W __1| ' _ " _I Natlonal Research Councll 01 Canada] RC 77. Vol.Ill i Consell nauorugl de recherchcs du Canada __ -M V'19' H 173. 122 Kane Avenue,3. mus Winnipeg 12, Manitoba.~November-19th.1969.;Ln .The President,Privy Council,' Roam 710, ~ Hope Building. OTTAWA 2, Ontario.Dear Sir: Re:U. F.0. Drawing of Stephen Michalak,Winnipeg.Your Letter of November 4th, Thank you for sending me the_photo. The Original Drawing of the U. F.O.on brown paper is wanted for the below reasons which I failed to make clear,apparently,in my previous request:a.This Original Drawing is wanted for sentimental reasons:It's to be a part or a collection and keepsake,grouped and prized,by his children and wire. b.It is believed that this Drawing was loaned to you or your representative on the clear understanding that it would be returned at Mr.Mioha1ak's request.It is his private property.He has been heartbroken that it had been misplaced.This only has meaning to one understanding Michalak's conscientious natureand ordeal. o.I will gladly return the photo or pay for it in trade for the brown paper Drawing.-d.In your files,surely,photos plus full size photocopies will ' serve your purposes now that various data has been tabled.only a limited number or details can be read from a orude Drawing.Eventually it would only go to an impersonal tile, there to gatherdust.IPlease advise. St hen Miohalak,:! .. . _ . _ _: HL_. ._ehronmrrw Avcoss,_ uu PP Rccwc -" ' -J _ _ DE Rccac an 21/19112 A P 2115202 Nov 51m caurmunzp ANGUS I0 cmronczxzn sr1NcLAs AS1ma croc ufo nzponramrcra nsronr or UNIDENTIFIED l-LYING osascrs A.21 02:35: Nov 67, _n.ovzacasr czm CLOUDY cnr.sucur SNONFLURRIES c.191961 Ac; N smrN ra um: -,a.13x DETACRHENT ANGUS ONT11. cows or conmsszonrmu:ROSS JO/ NE_Sr.sm: rz'1cA1. IN sum:cum ENLARGING AND CONTRACTING can AT smu: I 7 n:CHANGING IN 1.1N1Nous COLOURS mom mm:T0 man to GREENIPD,3 sq "V3 : UN) SET PATTERN BUT RED COLOUR PREDOHINATING PD ONE UFO ONL'Y OBSERVED PD DISTANCE AND ALTITUDE NOT ESTINABLE PD APPEARED ABOUT '3 FEET ABOVE TREE TOP LEVEL PD OBJECT MOVED FROM 1200 OCLOCK RJSITION TO 3.00 OCLOCK POSITION IN RELATION TO OBSERVERSPOSITION PD N0 SLIPSTREAM OR TRAIL FOLLOWED ITS POSITION C.APPROX 10 MINPAGE 2 RCCK 1411 UNCLAS Ii.SKY EIILLIANT IN NORTHEASTERLY POSITION FROM OBSERVERS PD SKY BECAME VERY DARK AND OVERCAST AS OBJECT DISAPPEAREDC. . . 1- ~ ,4._. ;-,--,1;-V. ' . -National Research Council or Canada] as 77, v. ,;.3i 1 Consell national de recherche:du Canada ' I Ir. . :p, .._= _.. e__. ..~_ &; _j. ,_o-. _ 190. .. .__: .._. .__? _._(. ,_j_. ,.. ..: ._ = ?. ._. gu. .. 3? v 2000-).(D Ow)-cmudbua Forces iicmaqm .rtorl ' Otturn lo,Onttrto.November,1967. / 101967 mm. an N 131 Dqtachrnont Angus,Ontario near 31!!'" ' I Your ghting report of an llnidcmtitiod Rlqilm Object bu bean puacd to thin ufnoo torumaluation.-if further information .1: required,an ofncer of the Canadian:ForceU111 be in touch with you. _ Your interest in reporting this matter it appreciated,and 3 hunk you for your eo-operation, KYours truly, I * 4'24 H.'. 'l.hmxcr (V Golonol for at of the-Defence 30.11!I 14/ 0 DP Robert a on/2-51? /1v 0 OP '0 Ciro F 11c> , , . --.~vr. ' ~ vrr: -1 , J. , ,4 . .r . ,National Research Councll ox Canada] U Consell national de recherche:du Canada 7| J_ / .__v.7.-_- , 191. "lprllIlt(l From i'l. -'lI(). ' 'l-ll-IK & S| ACl'I 'l'ECIliVOLUG' Uoust 22. l9f_ i. -4-. . ow-. .. ... .r-o . ... -res -w-. ..-V. -. . -.. -q-~u~. .q~r-cvvv-. vv~. .*-v-7-q-~'-rcv---vv--rv -"v'_Spectacular corona display along General ElectI| c's experimental 500.000 v.transmission line near Ptttsfrald was produced by"-5.. .;application of more than l20% of nted voltaoa.Corona also is Induced by dirt.salt crystals or other foreign particles on tho llna or Insulators.An extremely high voltage gradient can develop across these.exceeding breakdown voltage of air.'Plasma Theory May Explain Many UF OsBy Philip J.KlauWashlogtonLuminous plasmas of ionized air.a special form of ball lightning generated by electric corona that occurs on high-tension power lines und-r certain conditions.may explain many sightings of lower-altitude "unidentied flying ob- jects. " It is related to St.Elmos fire.sometimes seen on or near aircraft in night. If this theory is correct.it would explain the increasing frequency of UFO tight- inga in recent years when there have been growing numbers of very high-voltage power lines.Also there has been increasing atmospheric pollution whose contami- nants may play ll catalytic role in the phenomenon. Descriptions contained in a recent book."Incident At Exeter. " appear to support this theory.John G.Fuller.its journalist author.interviewed dozens of persons who reported seeing UI-Os in the vicinity of Exetcr.N.H. , approxi- mately a year ago. Fuller expresses the belief that top Air Force and government otlicials know that the UFOs are extra-terrestrial spacecraft but have successfully kept this a secret for nearly two decades to prevent national panic.But a much more plausible scientic explanation emerges when the Enter sightings are analyzed. Most of the UFO sightings in the Eaeter area occurred along or very near to high-tension power lines.according to the author.The same is true of two other sightings he investigated in west- ern Pennsylvania and others recorted at the time of the Northeast power black-out last November.Fu| lr speculates that the cttrthterrestrial spacecraft may be attracted to the power lines as a source of energy for refueling their pro- pultion systems. Electric corona.which this writer he- licves is the mechanism that triggers one form of ''ball lightning" under suitable conditions,is a moderately well under- stood phenomenon.But most scientific investigations of corona have been aimed at devising means of suppressing it.rather than gaining fundamental theo retical understanding. 3!" lightning.most frequently re- ported during or immediately following a thunderstorm.is poorly understood.Until recent years it attracted little scien- tic attention.having been treated by many as an "old wives title. " but in the late for'ies and early fifties.hall light- ning attracted the attention of severaltop Soviet scientists.including Academi- cian Peter KapitsaFive years ago.several U.S.labora- tories began to invcst'gate the phenome- non.motivated in part by its possibleapplication to anti-lCB. l dcfcntes ttwast Dec.4. l96l.p.52).These in- cluded the Bendix Research Labora- tories.the Illinois institute of Technol- ogy;Research Institute and Raytheon's advanced development groupThere is a striking similarity between the reported characteristics of hall | 'ght- ning and the UFOs sighted by dozens of persons in the Exctcr amt.as re- ported'by Fuller.viho used a ripe re- corder to insure accurate observation details.For example: IColor:Ball lightning is multi-col- ored.but red is the most predominant color reported.followed by intense blu- ish-whlle and green.A vast majority of the sightings reported from Exeter said the object was red.whil~ the remainder were either bluish-white.green.or a combination of all of these. IShape:Ball lightning normally is either spherical or ellipsodal with many reports of a doughnut-shttpctl or ring conguration.The Excter sightings were mostly round.oval-shaped or dome- shaped. Isoundz Ball lightning it often ac-- ti ht i966 MeGrov-Hill,Inc.All rights reserved.Printed in U.5.A. National Research Council of Canada/ RC 77, Vol.311Consell national de recherches du Canada 192. .1. ._. ... ._. ... .s_. .-. .. ... .. .I s . ... .. . ... .- . ... _._. _.. .._. _.. Ionized plasmais produced by electric discharge in laboratories of Illinois Institute of Technology's Research Institute severalyears ago show some of the characteristic sha film axgosure times of 0.2-0.5 microsec. . farcompanicd hy :sizzling or hissing sound.Exeter sightings reported that the UFO sometimes made I soft hum- ming or hissing sound, IDynnmics:Ball lightning has beenreported as hanging motionless at times. yet able to move up.down and human- tally at extremely high speeds.It ap- pears to move by rolling and gliding.olten along electrical conductors or structures and frequently exhibits a spin- ning motion.The_Excter sighting re- ports said the objects often hovered over a Mod location.frequently power lines,often rolled or bounced along.some- times exhibiting a spinning motion and would then appear to zoom oil at great speed and disappear from sight. ILifetime:Ball lightning reports in- dicate that they can have I lifetime rang- ing from several seconds to mapy min- utn Observers at Exeter reported that objects remained in view for a few sec- onds or as long as I5 min. iISiu:Ball lightni has been re- ported in sizes up to I ft.in diameter. _ Exeter observers estimated the silt:of objects sighted at from the size of a baaketball to as much as 200 ft.in diameter. This apparent size discrepancy is ex- plainable-in several ways.All but two of the sightings reported at Exeter by Puller were made at night and one of the two occurred at dusk.Dre absence ol visible landmarks for size comparison would make it dilllcult for a layman to aatlrnate size accurately.especially when the object could induce ftight in the observer. Additionally.the type of ball light- ning triggered by electric corona may be a lower-energy plasma of larger size than that usually induced by lightning diacharges. Electric corona is a luminous plasma caused by ionization of the air sur- rounding a transmission line or one of its insulators.When electric corona that occurs,it briey resembles a small stroke of lightning.The corona can remain xed or can travel along theNational Research Council of Canada/ pes of UFO sightings.However,these pictures were ntadt:with extremely short briefer than the Lucct photo (below). , __. .-. _.. _.. ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .4.. _,. ._. _.. ... .__, .___. ._.E L. Unidentified ying oblect photographed over high-tension power lines near Br. -nvor. .Pa. , In August.1965. by James Luccl with fullmoon visible to the left of UFO,is believed to be a form of ball lightning Induced by electric corona discharge.Photo was taken using film with ASA speed of I00. lens opening of f/3.5. set at infinity,and exposed for 6 sec.Film development time was 12 mln. power line until cooled and estinguishcd by external torces. So long as a transmission line and its insulators are clean and suitnhly designed.corona does not normally occur.But if small particles ol dust or salt crystals.for example.become af- fixed to the line or insulators they can trigger the corona.according to Darrell Shankle.manager of eld research in Westinghouse EIeetrics electric utility operations.The reason is that an ex- tremely high-voltage gradient develops across the dust or salt crystal which exceeds the breakdown voltage of air. Even flying insects that alight on the line can trigger a corona.For example.during the months of August and Sep- tcrnber a very high-voltage transmission line in West Virginia experiences fre- quent coronas caused by "flying spiders that are carried by the winds and alight on the lines.according to Shankl. RC.77, Vol.311Conseil national de recherches du CanadaTransmission lines near the ocean are also susceptible to corona hecrtuse salt crystals deposit on the lines and insulators,according to A.F.Rohlls.manager of high voltage development tor General Electric in Pittsfield,Mass. Exeter is located only l0 mi.from the ocean.The power lines of the Exeter and Hampton Electric Co. , which were involved in the sightings,run right down to the ocean beach beyond Hampton.The company's chief engineer.Stanley Sawyer.says that corona occurs more lrequently "when there is not much rain to clean off the lines. " A check with the U.5. Weather Bu- reau shows that conditions during the summer of I965 preceding the Exeter sightings in September were especially condufive to corona in that area because it was an estremely dry summer. For example.during the months of 193. ly.August and Sqitcnihcr the Exelerrea received barely more than hull of inorinal rainfall.During IltLclllft. t:I nths.there was only 6.0 in.of rain.coniparcd to the average of lf).8 in. When corona first occurs.it usually has a bluish color which can then take on the color of it lightning strike.ac- cording to experts on the subject.But the presence of sodium-chloride (s; tlt) on the line could give it : I pronounced ortsngish-red color from the sodium with a touch of green dttc to the chlorine. This suggests that some of the Esetcr sightings could have been no more than a corona discharge traveling along the power line.Here are some of the first- hand observations described by Fuller in his book: IMeredith Bolduc:"This thing was coining up the power lines toward the road .. . "IMrs.Jcrline Jalbert:We see it reg- ularly along here.Always seems to be somewhere near the power lines. "I Mr.Heseltonz Just the other night.some other people saw it along another section of the power lines. "lMr.A.Reid Bunker.Sr.We were under the high-power lines .. .when atl0:45 p. m. we saw an objbct approach .. .it had red lights most.and sort of green and white lights .. First SightingThe tint Eeter sighting on Sept.3. I965. that triggered many subsequent reports.made by a teenager and subse- quently wilnessed by two policemen,was located near the 34.500~v.trans- mission line of the Excter and Hampton Electric Co.The line is mounted on wooden poles approximately 29 ft.above the ground.In total there were 73 instances.Fuller writes.where per- sons reporting UFO sightings near Exe~ ter used the words "power lines" or transmission lines" or referred to loca- tions near power lines. During the period in whichFullcr was researching the Exetcr incident.he voited_Beaver.Pa. . near Pittsburgh.to check UFO reports.One night sighting during the previous month near higli- tension power lines had beyn made by l7~yesrld larnes Lucci and two friends and Lucci had managed to photograph the object (see photo,p.49). When Fuller and Lucci visited the area of the sighting and he was asked to pinpoint its location.the youth re- sponded:'I'd say it was right up there.directly over the wires.not more than titty or sixty feet. "A sighting was made three days later in the same general area by Donald dc harks from his yard.His house.Fuller reports.was down the street from a section of high-voltage transmission line. iNational Research Council of Canada}The Northeast power blackout pro-UFO-Ball Lightning Observations ComparedCHARACTERISTICS Colorgreen. ShapeMovement Often hoverinup/ down slowly.Also moves horizontally at slow or highspeed.Dynamicsbe spinning. No sound.or slight hum- ming or hissing. from several minutes to up to hall an hour. Difficult to estimate by most observers during night sight- lngs.but those given range from basketball size to 200it.in diameter. vided an unexpectgd opportunity for additional evidence that indicates a rela- tionihip between electric transntission lines.and associated power distribution apparatus,and the type of object sighted near Exetcr and Pittsburgh. A private pilot,Weldon Ross.was approaching Hancock Field at Syracuse,N. Y.,for a landing at almost the exact moment of the blackout.As he looked below him.lust over the [34S.000 v. ) power lines near the Clay.N. Y..sub- station,a huge red ball of brilliant intensity appcaredfThis particular substation initially was reported to be the crux of the dim- culty, " Fuller writes. Same ReportA total of five persons reported the same phenomenon,including Robert C.Walsh,deputy commissioner for the Federal Aviation Agency in the Syra- cuse area.according to Fuller. On Nov.26, Fuller reports that a power failure in St.Paul.Minn. . coin- cided "with the appearance of objects overhead giving off blue and white naslies .. .Fifteen minutes later a resident on Hogt Avenue reported a blue-glowing UFO as all house lights and appliances in the area went dead. "Fuller hints at foul play by extra~ terrestrial spacecraft by claiming that scientists have not been able to explain the. causes of the Northeast power blackout or the simultaneous proximity oi the UFO sightings. Engineers working with large-area power distribution networks concedeRG 77, Vol.3llConseil national de recherches du CanadaEXETER UFO: Usually reddish-orange and/Multicolored.or bluish white. Round.oval or dollltiitpcdOlten seams to move with rocking or undulating mo- tion.Sometimes appears toBALL LIGHTNINGwith red dominating or blU| Iil' whito. sometimes-Spherical,ellipsoidal or doughnut-shaped. or moving Sometimes hangs motion less or moves vertically and horizontally at slowor high speed. Appears to bounce or roll in horizontal direction.Sometimes eahibtts spin ning motion. Sometimes exhibits a siz- zling or hissing sound. From few seconds to many minutes. Daytime sightings (in brighter ambient light) usually are a few inches in diameter but have ranged up to I5 it. that the complexity of such systems makes it difficult to pinpoint readily a ipgific faulty circuit breaker.But no competent expert has publicly advanced the idea that the blackout resulted from external causes. Voltage SurgesDuring conditions of such power net- work instabilities.there are voltage surges at some points in the network.These higher-than-normal voltage con- ditions would induce very iarge corona discharges. The leakage current during corona contains harmonics in larger than usual proportions.creating an inductive effect which aggravates network instability. But only to this extent could the coronaor corona-induced ball lightning havecontributed to the blackout problem. -sccording to several experts. The marked resemblance between many of the Exeter sightings and re- ported observations of ball lightning appe: trs- significant.as well as their frequent appearance on.along or near high-lensionxpower lines under atmos- pheric conditions likely to produce corona discharges along the lines. The only unresolved question is the mechanism by which the corona dis- charge expands inlo a larger plasma with ball lightning characteristics.Present limited knowledge of both phenomena complicates this problem.But the similarity of electric corona dis- charge and natural lightning discharge which is known to induce ball lightning 194. {I'll33Mr : '-,7 .Q-.4 would seem to support strongly the.1 .I l, _, , ,. . , ,:4 -__~, ~I ..heory presented here.1 Despite long years of experience with corona.the experts disagree even over the eilect of temperature.barometric pressure and humidity in inducing corona.The reason is that power line corona ls dillicult to duplicate realisti- cally ior study under controlled con- ditions.To do so would require con- struction of a huge iacility.large enough to house a long transmission line withina chamber so that barometric pressure . and temperature could be varied while a variety of atmospheric contaminants were introduced. There is considerably less scientillc iniorrnation available on bail lightning.although a number oi conllicting theo- ries have been advanced to explain it.Several years ago Dr.J.Rand Mcbinlly.Jr.oi the Atomic Energy Commission's Oak Ridge National Laboratories made an informal survey oi L962 persons in the laboratory.Surprisingly.he iottnd tint il0 of them.or 5.6% oi the total sample.had observed ball lightning at some time.Usually it was associated with a conventional stroke oi lightning,but not always.'Analyzing the returns.MeNally con- cluded that ball lightning can originate randomly in space but is most often seen in proximity to wires or struc- tures.it Is usually airborne or partially alrbome.moving randomly in space or along electric conductors.It often ex- hibits rolling.tumbling or spinning motions."Small-diameter ball lightning has been reported inside houses and other buildings.Recently an Air Force Stra- tegic Air Command ight crew reported bceing it inside an aircraft during night. ' AVIATION Want:is sues TECHNOLOGY was toid by a scientist working in the tleld. Many oi the ball lightning sightings reported by persons surveyed by Me- Nally occurred on or near po er lines. Many ditierent theories a mathe- matical models have been advanced by scientists here and abroad to explain the basic mechanism which generates ball lightning and the lntemal-external lorces that enable it to survive for ex- tended periods..Within recent months two V)esting- house Electric research laboratory scien- tists.Dr.Martin A.Uman and Dr.C.W.Helstrom published a mathematical model that predicts many oi the unusual properties of ball lightning.The Wes- tinghouse research was partially iunded by the Ollice oi Naval Research. is theory suggests that ball light- ning is a luminous.high-temperature region of air having high electrical conductivity that has been heated to the required temperature by a stroke oi. ,-is v._ v--, ~ .4-. National Research Council ot~canaaa'/ e; -_- _ -. .:In alightning under suitable conditions.When cloud-to-grouyitl lightning cur- rents arc symmetrical through the ball.it hangs stationary in air.but if these currents become unsymmetrical.the ball will move. The lightning ball will disappear quietly it the internal electric currents gradually lode away.according to the Westinghouse scientists theory.but it can also collapse with a bang ii the current drops sharply. One scientist who has worked in the field ior some time. Carsten M.l-lnalitnd.says that none oi the proposed models iully explains the phenomenon and that it is possible to iind llaws in all theories proposed so iar.Haaland.currently employed by AECs Onlt Ridge National Laboratory.previously conducted ex- perimentt in hall lightning when he was a member oi the llllnols Institute oi Technology's Research Institute. Using relatively crude discharges in air reduced by exploding wires.Haal nd was able to create small ball lightning for brie!intervals (see p.49). Hqalsnd believes that there are at least two diiierent types of ball light- ning.perhaps more.which would ex- plain why nnne oi the theories advanced to date explains all sightings. Most theories on bail lightning hold that some external source oi energy is needed to ul: IltI the plasma ior more than a few seconds.Ha_aland ooipted out.in support oi the proposed now theory.that the electromagnetic lines of force irom high-tension lines extend tor a considerable distance and could sup- ply such enetlgy.The Exetcr lines are at a relatively low height 629 it. ) above the ground. Another scientist working in the field.who declined to be quoted by name.was aslted ii he could positively exclude the possibility that power line corona could generate ball lightning.Herre- plied:i wouldn't rciect thisposslbility. because a conventional smoke-ring is aninteresting example of a plasma held together under the proper conditions by :4 combination oi internal and external iorces which are tlilftcult to explain scientically. " rthis seems an appropriate analogy because not every instance oi corona along power lines generates ball light- ning.The presence oi salt vapor near Exeter would increase the conductivity of the air.and vaporization of the salt crystals deposited during the dry sum- aner could provide a mechanism (or- increasing current new and air tempera-ture once corona occurred.Other con- taminants ln the air at Exeter and at other locations could provide similar catalytic action.'A spokesman ior the National In- vcstigations Committee on Aerial Phe-,5.. -.-"'--Tknno 77, vot. 3ttConsell national de recherche:du Canadanomena (NICAPJ.quoted by Fuller.says that UFO "sightings seem to con- centrate in small geographic areas dur- ing any wave.But the concentration arcaywll shiit around. " This indicates that when the required combination of atmospheric conditions exists.the phe- nomenon occurs repeatedly. it seems more than coincidence that only one of the dozens of Exeter UFO sightings reported by Fuller occurred in broad daylight.This prompted one police otllcer who was interviewed by Fuller to ask:"Where does it go in the daytime? "it is possible that the ndcessary at- mospheric conditions.including air con- taminants.do not occur until the cooler night air arrives.Another possible ex- planation is that the luminous plasma oi ionized air usually is too iaint lobe easily visible in daylight.although it could appear quite bright in the dark. in the photograph talten by Luccl near Pittsburgh.using a trace.exposure.the UFO appears to have about the same brightness as the lull moon along-_side it. Westinghouse's Dr.Martin Umitn suggests several possible tests which can be made in the presence oi a UFO sight- ing to conrm or deny the bail light- ning theory.li it is an electrical dis- charge.it should generate radio noise.At least several persons interviewed by Fuller reported that their automobile radios had briey become inoperative when the object came near. ii the object is viewed through an inexpensive prism or transmission grat- ing it should be possible to ascertain whether the object is a solid spacccrait or a. ionn oi ball lightning,Dr.Urnan points out.it the object is a solid.the viewer will see a continuous spectrum.but it it is a form oi ball lightning he will see instead a number oi individual color lines.including intense red radia- tion due to the presence oi hydrogen and blue due to nitrogen in the air. Increasing knowledge of plasmas.their generation and containment has been gained irom recent AEC pro- grams to-develop iusion power.I!the etiorts of a few competent plnsrtta scien- tists can be directed toward ball light- ning and its possible relationship toelectric corona.it may be possible toexplain at least some.ii not many.oi the UFO sightings. ll power line corona and air con- taminants do. play a key role in. gen- crating ball lightning.it could explain the increasing lrequencyo!UFO sight- ings in recent years.During this period there has been increasing pollution of the atmosphere and expanding numbers of power lines operating at'cver higher voltages which increase the likelihood oi corona.- 195. 3. I _ I .0 ivja .1 34 ' ' "' Eu1 |vx up 1! 2000-1. (D Ops) , A 14 Canadian I-orcuts egdqunrtera ;Ottawa 1.,Ontario 1 3..Novunbar,1967Royal C: -nadia Mounted Police V Ottawa 7, Ont-rioYour Filo 11:51::Vol,21. Receipt of mm ixztomntion forwarded under your cover Novcmbor 21.,1967, concernimr unidentified flying objectsrcpbned Ln Ugo Vino: -an District,sank.area in acknowledgqd. I IICommissioner I I I2. run 1'nron. -.. .uon -411 ha eva1lm. '-we and incorporated into our master sighting file.You will be infom-rd of anyfurther Action taken;by Canadian Foxfccs Hcadquartex-5 in N11: "V mlttre1-. '. 3-.Turn":' ' 7 Colonel, {or Chic!of the Defence am: . ..'/ C D?Robe rt.3011/ 2- 51.27/1v Ops . . I _ g > V _,, , .__._. _, 7,A _,__; -_, -,, ._, -_~_A-A-7, -~_-J. I,_ ,National Rescarda Councll of Canada] RG 77, Vol.Bl] ., JConsell national dc recherches du Canatiah *1 .F fl [5 196. - : -j3-_: -: r:?;ir, -: ll-S I ._ . ! I ix'l A : 7 * . -7 ' Tj, .~. i; . MEMORANDUMI , ' 3-4'. "5 .3-. .: A .. I LJ3-. r.-". :' "" |'3 9|.11.11. Das. u;ta ' leadI -$: _sh_-Ly . .sr-eastmnt and Control Section;. s!' no M2 9. Nr.5.3. Hunt .__ , .' I A I ' .5UIHC| '4 '. .- -' J, x.trr. c-. c'. .r. -:. , : c.". a1i or ": -.c . ~.. c.: .P.Cri. me. Uetection laboratory, 4.'. .-; -r. ~x'. .:-. .t. r 1;;0.5 uci or us or its equivalent. pnrtuc -.1;-r: ..-2:1 on. ',iting and samples were vague and disjointed.tz.,. :c~_ Cult:of IveJ'cnco otaff,Ottawa.:1t! .x'rnx_-1'9. .3:- . ')r. ~. -c'. . 1:1 l. ''n-J2'i1tr. X'r,Ottawa. : :.-, r, of 01/1. ' i. 3cted Ira. -. *5. -2 'I. *'. O. cite.mesa sample:were located in his bzisrzucnt.A Su: ''*33' of nis : -:: :e: z.-: -vu.si: o:. =.~. d no evidence oi any loose contax: -tination.ti-diabion 1'1-:1d3 new iot. E: '.! .for a further visual investigation and then returned to IWAO. 3. On 15 Aug,Capt WALKER rob. n'nodto WHMYEL and obtnimd coil uaznplqa as directed in a telephone call from C! -19' Operation-1.mmm.nnscnrp-rIm V..1 /AA/ A/EX to 7 C A N.at .3 uxcua accovs 1 FOR area.we may 0502104. 00':67 near cmm;no (NTIIIDL lLr4.L'h 'IaB. 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