caminos jr. vs. pp

8/9/2019 Caminos Jr. vs. Pp

1/22

SECOND DIVISION

LARRY V. CAMINOS, JR., G.R. No. 147437 Petitioner,

Present:

CARPIO

MORALES,J.*

Chairperson,

!ers"s #INGA,

VELASCO, JR.,

LEONAR$O $E CAS#RO,**%n&

'RION,JJ.

PEOPLE O( #)E P)ILIPPINES, Pro"+%te&:

Res-on&ent.

M% /, 02

D E C I S I O N

TINGA,J.:

#e rit o5 % -erson "sin -"6+i streets %n& i8%s 5or tr%!e+ in

re+%tion to oter otorists is "t"%+, oor&in%te %n& rei-ro%+.91 )e is
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2/22

6o"n& to %ntii-%te te -resene o5 oter -ersons 8ose rits on te street or

i8% %re e;"%+ to is o8n.90 A+to" e is not %n ins"rer %%inst insee?s te re!ers%+ o5 te $eision97o5 te Co"rt

o5 A--e%+s in CAG.R. CR No. 14/12 &%te& 0/ (e6r"%r 122=. #e %ss%i+e&

&eision %55ire& te


3/22

#e 5ore eerte& 6 -etitioners %r e%!e& Arno+&s %r se!er%+ 5eet %8%

5ro te 6re%? in te is+%n&, sent it t"rnin 1/ &erees "nti+ it 5in%++ sett+e& on

te o"ter +%ne o5 Orti%s A!en"e.914 It %--e%rs t%t it 8%s te 5en&er on te +e5t%n& si&e o5 -etitioners %r t%t %&e ont%t 8it Arno+&s %r, %n& t%t te

i-%t@8i entere& 5ro te rit%n& si&e o5 Arno+&s %r to te +e5t@8%s

est%6+ise& on te 5ront%+ enter o5 te +%tter !ei+e 8i t"s %"se& te +e5t

%n& si&e o5 its oo& to "r+ "-8%r&.91=

Arno+& ie&i%te+ s"one& to te sene o5 te o++ision P%tro+%n

Ernesto S%ntos P%tro+%n S%ntosD,91> % tr%55i in!esti%tor o5 te M%n&%+"on

Po+ie (ore 8o %t te tie 8%s %nnin te -o+ie o"t-ost in 5ront o5 tePi+i--ine O!erse%s E-+oent A&inistr%tion '"i+&in.917 P%tro+%n S%ntos interro%te& 6ot -etitioner %n& Arno+& %n& %&e % s?et

&e-itin te re+%ti!e -ositions o5 te t8o o++i&in !ei+es %5ter te i-%t.91/ #e s?et, sine& 6 6ot -etitioner %n& Arno+& %n& o"ntersine& 6

P%tro+%n S%ntos, so8s -etitioners %r@
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4/22

8i, it sees, 8%s %6+e to ?ee- its oent" %n& ener%+ &iretion

e!en "-on i-%t@8%s st%++e& %+on Orti%s A!en"e % 5e8 5eet %8% 5ro te

intersetion %n& 5%in te &iretion o5 S%n J"%n 8ere%s Arno+&s %r %& sett+e&on te o"ter +%ne o5 Orti%s A!en"e 8it its re%r 5%in te eetin -oint o5 te

e&i%n +ines o5 te intersetin streets %t % 4=&eree %n+e.912

At te +ose o5 te in!esti%tion, % tr%55i %i&ent in!esti%tion re-ort

#AIRD908%s 5ort8it iss"e& 6 PFC-+. Antonio N. N%to o5 te E%stern Po+ie

$istrit. #e re-ort re!e%+e& t%t %t te tie o5 te o++ision, Arno+&s %r, 8i

%& no rit o5 8%,H9018%s t"rnin +e5tH 8ere%s -etitioners %r 8%s oin

str%itH %n& 8%s eee&in +%85"+ s-ee&.H900 It %+so in&i%te& t%t te !ision o5

te &ri!ers 8%s o6str"te& 6 te enter is+%n& 5+o8er 6e&.H903

Petitioner 8%s s"6se;"ent+ %re& 6e5ore

te Reion%+ #ri%+ Co"rt o5 P%si Cit 8it re?+ess i-r"&ene res"+tin in

&%%e to


5/22

-ro-ert.904)e entere& % ne%ti!e -+e% on %rr%inent.90=

At te ens"in tri%+, P%tro+%n S%ntos %&itte& %!in ee"te& te s?et

8i &e-its te -osto++ision -ositions o5 te t8o !ei+es.90>Arno+&stestion est%6+ise& t%t is !ei+e 8%s %t % 5"++ sto- %t te intersetion 8en te

ini&ent %--ene&.907#o+& 6 te tri%+ o"rt to &eonstr%te o8 te ini&ent

tr%ns-ire&, e ee"te& % s?et 8i so8e& t%t is %r %& not et in!%&e& te

-ortion o5 te ro%& 6eon& te e&i%n +ine o5 te is+%n& %n& t%t te -%t t%?en 6

-etitioners %r, &e-ite& 6 6ro?en +ines, %e s8er!in 5ro te o"ter +%ne o5 te

ro%& to te +e5t %n& r"sin to8%r& te is+%n& 8ere Arno+&s %r 8%s ee"tin %

t"rn.90/On rosse%in%tion, e %&itte& te orretness o5 te entr in te #AIR

to te e55et t%t e 8%s t"rnin +e5t 8en it 6 -etitioners %r,

902

6"t e +%ie&on re&iret e%in%tion t%t e %& sto--e& %t te intersetion in or&er to ?ee- te

tr%55i o-en to oter !ei+es %n& t%t it 8%s ten t%t -etitioner 6"-e& is %r. On

reross e%in%tion, o8e!er, e st%te& t%t e %& 6ro"t is %r to % 5"++ sto-

6e5ore t"rnin +e5t 6"t t%t te 5ront -ortion tereo5 8%s %+re%& t8o 0D 5eet into

te oter +%ne o5 Orti%s A!en"e %n& 8e++ 6eon& te e&i%n +ine o5 te tr%55i

is+%n&.93

Antonio Liton0.. #e neess%r 8or?s on te %r, %or&in to Antonio, %& not 6een

-er5ore& 6 SB' Motors 6e%"se te nee&e& %teri%+s %& not 6een &e+i!ere&.931Me%n8i+e, SB' Motors %++ee&+ e%se& in its o-er%tion, so Antonio -ro"re&

%noter re-%ir esti%tion tis tie 5ro (e8?es Cor-or%tion.930 #e esti%tion

re-ort 8%s &%te& 13 $ee6er 1221, %n& it 6+o%te& te tot%+ ost o5 re-%irs

to P132,024..

933

Ri%r&o A6reni%, resi&ent %n%er o5 (e8?es Cor-or%tion,%&itte& t%t e -erson%++ %&e %n& sine& te s%i& esti%tion re-ort %n& t%t

Antonio %& %+re%& &e+i!ere& % e? re-resentin te -%ent 5or %+5 o5 te

tot%+ %ssessent.934
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6/22

Petitioner, te +one &e5ense 8itness, 8%s % o-%n &ri!er in te e-+o o5

(ort"ne #o6%o, In. %ssine& to &ri!e 5or te o-%n seret%r, M%ri%no

#%ni%n, 8o 8%s 8it i %t te tie o5 te ini&ent. In %n e55ort to eoner%te

ise+5 5ro +i%6i+it, e i-"te& ne+iene to Arno+& %s te %"se o5 te is%-,+%iin t%t t%t e, oents 6e5ore te o++ision, 8%s %t"%++ %re5"++

tr%!ersin Orti%s A!en"e on seon& e%r. )e +%ente& t%t it 8%s Arno+&s %r

8i 6"-e& is %r %n& not te oter 8% %ro"n& %n& t%t e %& not seen

Arno+&s %r oin 5ro te +e5t si&e o5 te intersetion@8i sees to s"est

t%t Arno+&s %r 8%s in 5%t in otion or in te -roess o5 %?in te t"rn 8en

te o++ision o"rre&. )is s-ee& %t te tie, %or&in to is o8n esti%te, 8%s

6et8een 0= %n& 3 ?- 6e%"se e %&


7/22

te oter +%ne o5 te ro%&, 5or !ei+es t%t o"+& +i?e8ise 6e -ossi6+ enterin te

intersetion 5ro is rit si&e.937

#is not8itst%n&in, -etitioner 8%s sti++ "ns%tis5ie& 8it te r"+in o5 te

%--e++%te o"rt. See?in %n %;"itt%+, e 5i+e& te -resent -etition 5or re!ie8 in8i e %int%ins Arno+&s o8n ne+iene 8%s te -rini-%+ &eterinin 5%tor

t%t %"se& te is%- %n& 8i so"+& t"s &e5e%t %n +%i 5or &%%es. In

&e+%rin i +i%6+e to te %re &es-ite te eistene o5 ne+iene %ttri6"t%6+e

to Arno+&, -etitioner 6e+ie!es t%t te Co"rt o5 A--e%+s %& is%--+ie& te

-rini-+e o5 +%st +e%r %ne in tis %se.

#e O55ie o5 te So+iitor Gener%+ OSGD, in its Coent, 93/%r"es t%t

-etitioners ne+iene is te -roi%te %"se o5 te o++ision %n& t%t Arno+&Liton


8/22

-eri+ 6eoes 5oreseen.94 #"s, soetin ore t%n ere ne+iene in te

o-er%tion o5 % otor !ei+e is neess%r to onstit"te te o55ense o5 re?+ess

&ri!in, %n& % 8i++5"+ %n& 8%nton &isre%r& o5 te onse;"enes is re;"ire&.

941 i++5"+, 8%nton or re?+ess &isre%r& 5or te s%5et o5 oters 8itin tee%nin o5 re?+ess &ri!in st%t"tes %s 6een e+& to in!o+!e % onsio"s oie o5

% o"rse o5 %tion "/8i in


9/22

6 te 5%ts %n& ir"st%nes "ni;"e to % i!en %se. #"s, i5 8e "st &eterine

8eter -etitioner in tis %se %s so8n % onsio"s in&i55erene to te

onse;"enes o5 is on&"t, o"r %ttention "st neess%ri+ &ri5t to te ost

5"n&%ent%+ 5%t"%+ -re&i%te. An& 8e -roee& 5ro -etitioners ontention t%t %t

te tie te o++ision too? -+%e, e 8%s %re5"++ &ri!in te %r %s e in 5%t%--ro%e& te intersetion on seon& e%r %n& t%t is s-ee& %++ee&+ 8%s

soe8ere 6et8een 0= %n& 3 ?- 8i "n&er nor%+ on&itions o"+& 6e

onsi&ere& so s%5e %n& %n%e%6+e %s to en%6+e i to 6rin te %r to % 5"++ sto-

8en neess%r.

Asi&e 5ro te entr in te #AIR, o8e!er, 8i note& -etitioners s-ee&

to 6e 6eon& 8%t is +%85"+, te -si%+ e!i&ene on reor& +i?e8ise sees to

ne%te -etitioners ontention. #e -otor%-s t%?en o5 Arno+&s %r +e%r+ so8t%t te etent o5 te &%%e to it o"+& not %!e 6een %"se& 6 -etitioners %r

r"nnin on seon& e%r %t te s-ee& o5 0=3 ?-. #e 5%t t%t te oo& o5

Arno+&s %r 8%s !io+ent+ 8rene& %s 8e++ %s te 5%t t%t on i-%t te %r e!en

t"rne& %ro"n& 1/ &erees %n& 8%s "r+e& se!er%+ 5eet %8% 5ro te


10/22

t%n is 6%re %ssertion t%t is s-ee& %t te tie o5 te ini&ent 8%s 8e++ 8itin

8%t is ontro++%6+e. In&ee&, te 5%ts o5 tis %se &o 8%rr%nt % 5in&in t%t

-etitioner, on %--ro% to te


11/22

&ri!er %--ro%in %n intersetion is ener%++ "n&er &"t, %on oters, to 6e

!ii+%nt %n& to %!e te !ei+e "n&er ontro+ %s to 6e %6+e to sto- %t te sortest

-ossi6+e notie,9=/ t%t is, e "st +oo? 5or !ei+es t%t it 6e %--ro%in

5ro 8itin te r%&i"s t%t &enotes te +iit o5 &%ner.9=2

Sine o-+i%ne 8it tis &"t is e%s"re& 6 8eter %n %--ro%in

otorist %s eerise& te +e!e+ o5 -re%"tion re;"ire& "n&er te ir"st%nes,

ten 8it ore re%son t%t e ei6it % re+%ti!e+ ier +e!e+ o5 %re 8en te

intersetion is 6+in& %t te -oint 8ere te ro%&s eet. In oter 8or&s, 8ere te

!ie8 %t %n intersetion is o6str"te& %n& %n %--ro%in otorist %nnot et % oo&

!ie8 to te rit or +e5t "nti+ e is +ose to te intersetion, -r"&ene 8o"+& &it%te

t%t e t%?e -%rti"+%r %re to o6ser!e te tr%55i 6e5ore enterin te intersetion or

oter8ise "se re%son%6+e %re to %!oi& % o++ision,

9>

8i e%ns t%t e is 6o"n&is to o!e 8it te "tost %"tion "nti+ it is &eterin%6+e t%t e %n -roee&

s%5e+ %n& %t te s+o8est s-ee& -ossi6+e9>1so t%t te !ei+e o"+& 6e sto--e&

8itin te &ist%ne te &ri!er %n see %e%&.9>0

On tis sore, 8%t 6rins ert%in 5%i+"re in -etitioners %se is is o8n

%&ission t%t e %& not seen Arno+&s %r %?in % +e5t t"rn %t te

intersetion. O5 o"rse, tere %& 6een %n %r&"o"s &e6%te %t te tri%+ %s to 8eter

Arno+&s %r 8%s in otion or %t % 5"++ sto- %t te intersetion oents 6e5ore te

o++ision ne!erte+ess, in%s" %s e Arno+&D, %s so8n 6 te e!i&ene, %&6een %6+e to est%6+is ise+5 %t te intersetion sini5i%nt+ %e%& o5 -etitioner, it

&e5ies +oi to %or& e!en % se6+%ne o5 tr"t to -etitioners %ssertion t%t e %&

not seen Arno+&s %r enterin te intersetion +%ter%++ 5ro is +e5t es-ei%++

8en te s%i& %r %&itte&+ %& %+re%& t%?en t8o 5eet o5 te oter +%ne o5 te

ro%&@te +%ne on 8i -etitioner 8%s -roee&in to ross@%n& 8e++ 6eon& te

e&i%n +ine o5 te intersetin ro%& on 8i Arno+& -roee&e& %5ter %?in te

t"rn. In&ee&, not e!en te 5%t t%t te !ie8 %t te intersetion 8%s 6+o?e& 6 te

5+o8er 6e& on te tr%55i is+%n& o"+& -ro!i&e %n e"se 5or -etitioner %s it %s+i?e8ise 6een est%6+ise& t%t e %--ro%e& te intersetion %t s" % s-ee& t%t

o"+& not, %s in 5%t it &i& not, en%6+e i to %rrest is oent" %n& 5orest%++ te

ert%int o5 te o++ision.

It %n on+ 6e s"rise& %t tis -oint t%t -etitioner %& ine"s%6+ 5%++en

sort o5 te st%n&%r& o5 %re in % sit"%tion 8i %++e& 5or ore -re%"tion on te


12/22

i8% in 5%i+in to %?e %n o6ser!%tion in te interest %t +e%st o5 is o8n s%5et

8eter or not it 8%s s%5e to enter te rossin. Sine e is %re%6+e 8it 8%t

e so"+& %!e o6ser!e& on+ %& e eerise& te oens"r%te %re re;"ire&

"n&er te ir"st%nes o5 te %se, te ines%-%6+e on+"sion is t%t e %&

ine"s%6+ 6re%e& te e+eent%r &"ties o5 % res-onsi6+e, -r"&ent %n&re%son%6+e otorist.

In ener%+, te &eree o5 %re %n& %ttention re;"ire& o5 % &ri!er in %

-%rti"+%r %se in eerisin re%son%6+e %re 8i++ !%r 8it %n& "st 6e e%s"re&

in te +it o5 %++ te s"rro"n&in ir"st%nes, s" t%t it "st 6e

oens"r%te 8it te &%ners 8i %re to 6e %ntii-%te& %n& te in48i %re o-en to or&in%r

o6ser!%tion.9>= #e "+ti%te test, in oter 8or&s, is to 6e 5o"n& in te re%son%6+e

5oresee%6i+it t%t %r it res"+t i5 oens"r%te %re is not eerise&. It is

not neess%r, o8e!er, t%t % otorist %t"%++ 5oresee te -ro6%6i+it o5 %r or

t%t te -%rti"+%r in> #e e!i&ene in tis %se is teein 8it s"estion t%t -etitioner %& 5%i+e&

to 5oresee te ert%int o5 te o++ision t%t 8%s %6o"t to %--en %s e entere& te


13/22

In tr%55i +%8 -%r+%ne, te ter rit o5 8%H is "n&erstoo& %s te rit o5

one !ei+e to -roee& in % +%85"+ %nner in -re5erene to %noter %--ro%in

!ei+e "n&er s" ir"st%nes o5 &iretion, s-ee& %n& -roiit %s to i!e rise

to % &%ner o5 o++ision "n+ess one o5 te !ei+es r%nts -ree&ene to te oter.9>7A+to" tere is %"torit to te e55et t%t te rit o5 8% is ere+ o5

st%t"tor re%tion %n& eists on+ %or&in to e-ress st%t"tor -ro!ision, 9>/it is

ener%++ reonie&, 8ere no st%t"te or or&in%ne o!erns te %tter, t%t te

!ei+e 5irst enterin %n intersetion is entit+e& to te rit o5 8%, %n& it 6eoes

te &"t o5 te oter !ei+e +i?e8ise %--ro%in te intersetion to -roee& 8it

s"55iient %re to -erit te eerise o5 s" rit 8ito"t &%ner o5 o++isions.9>2

In o"r settin, te rit o5 8% r"+e is o!erne& 6 Setion 40 o5 Re-"6+iAt R.A.D No. 413>,97 8i %teri%++ -ro!i&es:

Section 42.Right of Way.

%D en t8o !ei+es %--ro% or enter %n intersetion %t

%--roi%te+ te s%e tie, te &ri!er o5 te !ei+e on te +e5t

s%++ ie+& te rit o5 8% to te !ei+e on te rit, ee-t %soter8ise erein%5ter -ro!i&e&. #e &ri!er o5 %n !ei+e tr%!e+in

%t %n "n+%85"+ s-ee& s%++ 5or5eit %n rit 8i e it

oter8ise %!e ere"n&er.

6D #e &ri!er o5 % !ei+e %--ro%in 6"t not %!in entere& %nintersetion s%++ ie+& te rit o5 % 8% to % !ei+e 8itin s"

intersetion or t"rnin terein to te +e5t %ross te +ine o5 tr%!e+ o5

s" 5irstentione& !ei+e, -ro!i&e& te &ri!er o5 te !ei+et"rnin +e5t %s i!en % -+%in+ !isi6+e sin%+ o5 intention to t"rn %s

re;"ire& in tis At. .

#e -ro!ision o!erns te sit"%tion 8en t8o !ei+es %--ro% te

intersetion 5ro te s%e &iretion %n& one o5 te inten&s %?e % t"rn on eiter

si&e o5 te ro%&. '"t te r"+e e6o&ie& in te s%i& -ro!ision, %+so -re!%+ent intr%55i st%t"tes in te Knite& St%tes, %s %+so 6een +i6er%++ %--+ie& to % sit"%tion in

8i t8o !ei+es %--ro% %n intersetion 5ro &iret+ o--osite &iretions %t

%--roi%te+ te s%e tie on te s%e street %n& one o5 te %tte-ts to %?e

% +e5t%n& t"rn into te intersetin street, so %s to -"t te oter "-on is rit, te

!ei+e %?in te t"rn 6ein "n&er te &"t o5 ie+&in to te oter.971


14/22

Ne!erte+ess, te rit o5 8% %or&e& to !ei+es %--ro%in %n

intersetion is not %6so+"te in ters. It is %t"%++ s"6 )e is not 6o"n& to

8%it "nti+ tere is no oter !ei+e on is rit in sit 6e5ore -roee&in to teintersetion 6"t on+


15/22

"nti+ it is re%son%6+ s%5e to -roee&.977 #"s, inAdzuara v. Court of Appeals,97/it

8%s est%6+ise& t%t % otorist rossin % tr"sto- street %s te rit o5 8% o!er

te one %?in % t"rn 6"t i5 te -erson %?in te t"rn %s %+re%& neoti%te& %+5

o5 te t"rn %n& is %+ost on te oter si&e so t%t e is %+re%& !isi6+e to te -ersonon te tr"street, e is 6o"n& to i!e 8% to te 5orer.

Moreo!er, in % -rose"tion 5or re?+ess or &%nero"s &ri!in, te ne+iene

o5 te -erson 8o 8%s in


16/22

(in%++, on te iss"e o5 &%%es, in%s" %s -etitioner %& not eten&e&

e55orts to -resent o"nter!%i+in e!i&ene &is-ro!in te etent %n& ost o5 te

&%%e s"st%ine& 6 Arno+&s %r, te %8%r& %ssesse& %n& or&ere& 6 te tri%+

o"rt "st st%n&.

A++ to+&, it "st 6e nee&+ess+ e-%sie& t%t te e%s"re o5 % otorists

&"t is s" %re %s is, "n&er te 5%ts %n& ir"st%nes o5 te -%rti"+%r %se,

oens"r%te 8it te &%ners 8i %re to 6e %ntii-%te& %n& te in


17/22

CONC)I#A CARPIO MORALES

Associate Justice

Atin C%ir-erson

PRES'I#ERO J. VELASCO, JR. #ERESI#A LEONAR$O $E CAS#RO

Associate Justice Associate Justice

AR#KRO $. 'RION

Associate Justice

ATTESTATION

I %ttest t%t te on+"sions in te %6o!e $eision %& 6een re%e& in

ons"+t%tion 6e5ore te %se 8%s %ssine& to te 8riter o5 te o-inion o5 teCo"rts $i!ision.

CONC)I#A CARPIO MORALES

Associate Justice

Atin C%ir-erson, Seon& $i!ision

CERTIFICATION

P"rs"%nt to Setion 13, Arti+e VIII o5 te Constit"tion, %n& te

$i!ision Atin C%ir-ersons Attest%tion, it is ere6 erti5ie& t%t te


18/22

on+"sions in te %6o!e $eision %& 6een re%e& in ons"+t%tion 6e5ore

te %se 8%s %ssine& to te 8riter o5 te o-inion o5 te Co"rts $i!ision.

REYNA#O S. PKNO

Chief Justice

*

Atin C%ir-erson %s re-+%eent o5 J"stie Leon%r&o A. "is"6in 8o is on o55ii%+ +e%!e -erS-ei%+ Or&er No. >1/.

**A&&ition%+ e6er o5 te Seon& $i!ision -er S-ei%+ Or&er No. >12.

91Richards v. Begenstos, 01 N..0& 03Hodges v. Smith, 02/ S.. 103Lason v. !ord"ce, 10 N..0&

31.

90#agnolia $etroleum Co. v. %en, 11 S..0& 3=4.

93Atlantic &re"hound Corp. v. L"on, 17 (.0& 1=7 %'lahoma (atural &as Co. v. #c)ee, 101 (.0& =/3.

94Burdic' v. $oell Bros. *ruc' Lines, 104 (.0& >24+iie #otor Coach Corp. v. Lane, 11> (.0&

0>4 Shiple" v. )omer, 1=4 (.0& />1.

9=#agnolia $etroleum Co. v. %en, 11 S..0& 3=4.

9>Kn&er R"+e 4= o5 te RKLES O( COKR#.Rollo, --. /03.

97Penne& 6 ten Assoi%te J"stie Roeo J. C%++e


19/22

910See te #r%55i Ai&ent In!esti%tion Re-ort. Reor&s see %+so rollo, -. 07.

913Rollo, -. 0/.

914I&. %t 0/.

91=See Reor&s, Ei6its CH, C1H, C0H, C3H %n& C4.H #ese ei6its in te 5or o5 -otor%-s

&e-it te etent o5 te &%%e %"se& to Arno+& Liton.

91/I&. %t 7/. #e s?et ee"te& 6 P%tro+%%n Ernesto S%ntos 8%s %r?e& %s Ei6it AH 5or te

-rose"tion.

912Reor&s, Ei6it A.H

90I&., Ei6it 1H o5 te &e5ense %n& Ei6it $H o5 te -rose"tion.

901I&., Ei6it 16.

900I&., Ei6its 1H %n& $.H

903I&., Ei6it 1%.H

904I&. %t 1. #e in"+-%tor -ortion o5 te In5or%tion re%&s:

#%t on or %6o"t te 01st&% o5 J"ne 12//, in te "nii-%+it o5 M%n&%+"on,Metro M%ni+%, Pi+i--ines, %n& 8itin te #SN, 01 (e6r"%r 122, --. 7, 1013.

907#SN, 14 A""st 1221, -. =.

90/Reor&s, Ei6it '.H

902#SN, 0= Se-te6er 1221, --. 4>.
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20/22

93#SN, 0> Se-te6er 1221, --. 03, =, 7/.

931#SN, 02 Oto6er, 1221, -. >/. See Reor&s, Ei6its (H %n& (1H.

930#SN, 1> J%n"%r 1220, --. 4, >.

933Reor&s, Ei6it GH %n& G1.H

934#SN, 1> J%n"%r 1220, --. 1200.

93=#SN, 3 M%r 1220, --. 4>, /, 111.

93>#e &is-ositi!e -ortion o5 te tri%+ o"rts &eision re%&s:

)ERE(ORE, te Co"rt 5in&s te %"se& "i+t 6eon& re%son%6+e &o"6t o5 teo55ense o5 Re?+ess I-r"&ene Res"+tin 9in $%%e to Pro-ert, %n& ere6 sentenes i to

-% % 5ine o5 One )"n&re& #irt9nine #o"s%n& #8o )"n&re& Ninet95o"r P132,024.D

Pesos 8i is 9te %o"nt e;"%+ to te &%%e to -ro-ert res"+tin 5ro s%i& Re?+ess

I-r"&ene.

On te i!i+ %s-et, te %"se& is ere6 or&ere& to in&eni5 Antonio Liton/3 P.0& 1147 12/4D State v. Houser, >0> P.0& 0=> 12/1D State v. Bo"dston, >2 P.0& 004 12/D State

v. *amanaha, 377 P.0& >// 12>0D.

940offord v. State, 32= S.E.0& >3 122D Shorter v. State, 100 N.E.0& /47 12=4D hite v. State, >47

S..0& 7=1 12/3D.

943

7A AM. JKR. 0&, --. />1/>0.944#)E REVISE$ PENAL CO$E, REYES, LKIS '., 1= te&. 01D -. 22=.

94=hite v. State, >47 S..0& 7=1 12/3D.

94>$eople v. Ac'ro"d, =43 N.Y.S.0& /4/ 12/2D.
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947=0 A.L.R.0& 1343.

94/)nuth v. #urph", =4 N..0& 771. #is %se e+& t%t e!i&ene o5 te etent o5 -erson%+ in.

9=$eople v. +evoe, 1=2 N.E. >/0$eople v. hit-", 44 N.Y.S.0& 7>.

9=1$eople v. Carrie, 04 N.Y.S. 7=2.

9=0$eople v. Herman, 0 N.Y.S.0& 142.

9=3See oodson v. &ermas, 14 S.E.0& 732.

9=4&a-riel v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 10/474, > Oto6er 04, 44 SCRA 13>, 14/142.

9==!oster v. ConAgra $oultr" Co., >7 So.0& 471.

9=>(unn v. !inancial /ndem. Co., >24 So.0& >3. $"t o5 re%son%6+e %re in+"&es &"t to ?ee- te !ei+e

"n&er ontro+ %n& to %int%in -ro-er +oo?o"t 5or %%r&s.

9=7Ro-erts v. Leah",014 P.0& >73.

9=/Reppert v. hite Star Lines, 1> A.L.R. 413 Riccio v. &ins-erg, >0 A.L.R. 2>7.

9=2Stauffer v. School +istrict of *ecumseh, 473 N..0& 320.

9>)ane v. Loc'e, 10 N..0& 42= Shelton v. +etamore, 23 S.E.0& 314.

9>1

#atthes v. $atton, 103 A.0& >>7.

9>0Henthorn v. #.&.C.Corp., /3 N..0& 7=2.

9>3Reed v. Stroh, 10/ P.0& /02Butcher v. *hornhill, =/ P.0& 172.

9>4Reed v. Stroh, 10/ P.0& /02 *uc'er v. Ragland0$otter Co., 14/ S..0& >21.

9>=e-- v. Smith, 1 S.E. 0& =3Le #aster v. !ort orth *ransit Co., 140 S..0& 2/.

9>>!iglar v. &ordon, =3 A.0& >4=.

9>7Burros v. Jaco-sen, 311 N..0& // 12/1D.

9>/Betch'al v. illis, 37/ N..0& >/4 12/=D.

9>2Creech v. Blac'ell, 02/ S..0& 324.

97Entit+e& AN AC# #O COMPILE #)E LAS RELA#IVE #O LAN$ #RANSPOR#A#ION AN$

#RA((IC RKLES, #O CREA#E A LAN$ #RANSPOR#A#ION COMMISSION AN$ (OR O#)ERPKRPOSES.H #e +%8 8%s %--ro!e& on 0 J"ne 12>4.
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22/22

971#cCarth" v. Bec'ith, 141 N.E. 10>Arvo v. +elta Hardare Co., 04 N.. 134 Cohen v. Silverman,

12 N.. 72= e--er v. $ar' Auto *ransp. Co., 47 A.L.R. =2.

970lod'os'i v. 1er'aitis, =7 A.0& 720.

973Re"nolds v. #adison Bus Co., 0> N.. 0& >=3.

974ilmes v. #ihelich, 0= N..0& /33.

97=#oore v. )u2ath, 02 N..0& //3.

97>#oore v. )u2ath, 02 N..0& //3.

977#etzger v. Cushman3s Sons, 1=0 N.E. >2=.

97/G.R. No. 10=134, 00 J%n"%r 1222, 31 SCRA >=7.

972State v. Bla'e,0== N.. 1/.

9/State v. Sullivan, 077 N.. 03.

9/1Reed v. Stroh, 10/ P.0& /02.

9/0e-- v. Smith, 1 S.E. 0& =3Le #aster v. !ort orth *ransit Co., 140 S..0& 2/.
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caminos jr. vs. pp

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