calvinism: the theological system of french/swiss theologian and his followers, marked by strong...
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Calvinism: Calvinism: the theological system the theological system of French/Swiss theologian and his of French/Swiss theologian and his
followers, marked by strong emphasis followers, marked by strong emphasis on the sovereignty of God, the on the sovereignty of God, the
depravity of humankind, and the depravity of humankind, and the doctrine of predestinationdoctrine of predestination
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Pilgrims: Totally separated from the Anglican Church (the government-established, Protestant Church of England); generally poorer than Puritans. 1. started in Yorkshire, England 2. went to Holland 3. sailed Mayflower to Plymouth
Calvinist Groups
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Puritans: wished to reform
the Anglican Church from within; followed the Pilgrims to New England and established Massachusetts Bay Colony
Calvinist Groups
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All came to New World to establish a theocracy – a colony with laws based on their religious beliefs
Calvinist Groups (cont.)
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Calvinist TenetsCalvinist Tenets – the basic religious – the basic religious
beliefs of the Pilgrims/Puritansbeliefs of the Pilgrims/PuritansAbsolute sovereignty of God: God is all-powerful and controls everythingPredestination: an omniscient Deity knows from the beginning who will be “saved” – have eternal life in heaven
Calvinist Beliefs (Tenets)
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Providence: God intervenes
directly in the world Natural Depravity: Since
Adam’s fall, all humans are born in sin and deserve damnation
Tenets (cont.)
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. Election: Through God’s mercy, a few people
are “saved,” but by the grace of God alone and not through their own behavior or works. One hoped one was one of the “Elect” (the term for those who were saved), and one lived the life of a saved person, constantly searching one’s soul for signs of “grace”; but there was really nothing one could do to change God’s plan for one’s immortal soul. (Note: This most extreme of Puritan/Calvinist doctrines was dropped by the early 1700s and was not a part of Edwards’ theology or of other later Calvinists.)
Tenets (cont.)
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Evil is inner: Man needs reform
of himself, rather than of institutions (such as schools, prisons, government, etc.)
God is revealed in the Bible (and nowhere else, such as in nature)
Tenets (cont.)
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1643: 11% church membership
Preaching of the “Jeremiad” type of sermon: jeremiads bemoan their communities’ fall from grace, they also read the misfortunes and punishments that result from that fall as paradoxical proofs of God’s love and of the group’s status as his “chosen people.”
1657: Half-Way Covenant
Secularized state
Decline of New England Theology
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1677: Stoddardeanism: Very open
Communion
Secularized church
1691: Massachusetts a Royal Colony
No religious bans
1692: Salem Witch Trials
Decline of Puritanism (cont.)
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05/02/2010 13
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Religious Revival known as
the Great Awakening Itinerant preachers told
people they could be saved by a “conversion experience,” or else be damned to eternity in Hell (different from old idea of Predestination)
Result of Decline
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Rise of other religious
groups such as Quakers Rise of Deism (set of
beliefs held by many Revolutionaries)
Result of Decline