James R Benya, PE, FIES, FIALD

BENYA BURNETT CONSULTANCYDavis, CA

Part 1: California Building Standards Administrative Code

Part 2: California Building Code (based on the International Building Code)

Part 2.5: California Residential Building Code (based on the International Residential Code)

Part 3: California Electrical Code (based on the National Electrical Code)

Part 4: California Mechanical Code (based on the Uniform Mechanical Code)

Part 5: California Plumbing Code (based on the Uniform Plumbing Code)

Part 6: Building Energy Efficiency Standards

Part 8: California Historical Building Code

Part 9: California Fire Code (based on the International Fire Code)

Part 10: California Existing Building Code

Part 11: California Green Building Standards Code (CALGreen)

Part 12: California Reference Standards Code

2019 Standard (effective 1-1-2020)

Expected to set zero-net energy requirements

2016 Standard (effective 1-1-2017)

Ready for public review 45-day language

2013 Standard (now in effect as of 7-1-2014)

Current standard

Building Energy Efficiency Standards, Title 24 Part 6 (“the

Standards”). This is the code to be followed.

Non-Residential Compliance Manual (“the Manual”). This explains

the code and contains the forms that must be submitted.

Residential Compliance Manual (the “Manual”). Same but for

homes.

Reference Appendices (the “Appendices”). These contain certain

key technical requirements and procedures that are necessary to

meet the Standards.

Watts – the rate of energy use

Kilowatt hours (kWh) – energy use (kilowatts x hours)

Efficacy – lumens per watt (LPW)

Efficiency – (luminaire output lumens/source lumens) x 100%

System Efficacy – luminaire lumens per watt = efficacy x efficiency

Coefficient of Utilization – how efficiently the space uses light

Power Density – watts per square foot

Energy Density- kWH (or BTU) per square foot

How Title 24

Building Energy

Efficiency

Standards Apply

to non-

residential

lighting

Section 100.1 Definitions

Section 110.9 Mandatory Requirements for Control Systems

Section 130.1-130.5 Mandatory Requirements for Non-residential Lighting

Section 140.1 Choose between Performance and Prescriptive Methods for Non-residential Lighting

Section 140.6 Prescriptive Method for Non-residential Lighting

Section 141.0 Non-residential Renovations

Section 150.0 Residential

Section requirements have been split: Title 20 for “devices”

Consist of a single component Must be certified to the Energy Commission according to Title 20

Except for part-night outdoor lighting controllers Section 110.9 for “systems”

Consist of more than one component Not required to be certified to the Energy Commission Shall meet all of the requirements in Title 20 for the identical self-

contained lighting control device it is installed to function as Installation certificate shall be signed by the licensee of record in

accordance with §130.4(b) and Nonresidential Appendix NA7

§130.1 Interior Lighting Luminaire classifications now allow peel down labels in some cases

Minimum required watts for an medium based socket

Limits to acceptance of field modifications of luminaire technology

UL1598 determines watts

Track wattage now four methods

§130.1 Interior Lighting Egress and emergency exceptions reduced – all lights must be

independently switched and automatically shut off

Minimum required watts for an medium based socket

All lighting must be dimmable

All lighting must have manual multi level control and at least one automatic control such as tuning, manual dimming or daylighting

Mandatory controls for occupancy controls in offices, classrooms, conference rooms, multipurpose rooms

New partial on and partial off allowed controls

§130.1 Interior Lighting

New definitions for skylight areas

New definitions for primary and secondary sidelit areas

Clarified sidelit/skylit conflicts

Required photoelectric controls for rooms with as little as 120 watts

Increased requirements for daylight control in parking garages

Demand responsive lighting controls for buildings 10,000 sf or greater

§130.2 Outdoor Lighting Mandatory Requirements

Outdoor lighting must be UG compliant 150 watts and below

Exception for signs, façade lighting, etc.

All outdoor lighting must have scheduling control and photocontrol or

astronomic time controls

Luminaires 24’ and lower must have motion control to reduce watts 40-

80% when area unoccupied (with exceptions for façade and task

areas)

§130.3 Signs

Sign lighting controls required

Must reduce day and night signs at least 65% at night

§130.4

Acceptance testing by a Certified Lighting Controls Acceptance Test

Technician (CLCATT) required for:

Automatic daylighting controls: §119, §131(c)2D,

Multi-level Astronomical time clocks: §119 and §131(d)2

Lighting Controls: §131(a)-(c), (e), (f) and §146(a)2D

Automatic Lighting Controls: §119 and §131(d)

Occupancy Sensors: §119 and §131(d)

Outdoor Lighting Controls: §119 and §132

§130.4 Unique requirements for:

Lighting Control Systems

EMCS

Integral or external current limiters

Interlocked systems (140.6(a)1

Power Adjustment Factors

Videoconference Studios

§130.5 Special Regulations for :for

Service metering

Disaggregated wiring of building power uses

Limited voltage drop in feeders and branch circuits

All buildings enable to receive and act upon demand response signals

Specific rules on how energy management and control systems can be used to

meet code

Controls required for plug loads in offices and schools

Skylights required for spaces 5000 sf or larger, 15 foot high or

higher ceiling, and under a roof.

Exceptions include performance spaces, refrigerated

warehouses, etc.

Changed tailored method from IES Illumination Category to lux.

Limits to general lighting type

Clarification of wall accent, floor accent, decorative, task and very valuable lighting

Revised power adjustment factors (PAF’s), new PAF rules with Partial on occupancy sensors

Reduced area category lighting power densities (w/sf)

Reduced Tailored Method lighting power densities

Outdoor Lighting §140.7

Significantly reduced linear wattage allowance

Signs §140.8

Choice of

12 w/sf of internally illuminated signs

2.3 w/sf of externally lighted signs

No wattage limits if high efficacy light sources are used

Three types of “alteration” “Luminaire modifications in place”

“Lighting system alterations”

“Lighting wiring alterations”

Routine maintenance is not an alteration (§141.0(b)2vii) “… Replacement in kind of parts of an existing luminaire that include

only new lamps, lamp holders, or lenses…”

Occupancy Sensing – automatic on, automatic off

Vacancy Sensing – manual on, automatic off

Partial on or partial off – motion sensing turns on/off to half level

Scheduling

Predictable - time of day, solar time, calendar

Unpredictable – motion sensing controls

Daylighting – harvest daylight (dim electric lights or turn them off)

Multi-level lighting– user accessible dimming

Adaptation Compensation – dim lights at night

Tuning – a dimmer limiting the maximum light, not user accessible

THE GOOD NEWS

LED lighting has changed lighting power needs

Many LED luminaires use 10-50% less power than legacy light source luminaires

THE BAD NEWS: ENFORCEMENT CHALLENGES

The LED industry has been called the “wild west”. Many lighting companies are not

reputable and sell low quality product. Problems will include:

No UL or equivalent listing

Missing or incorrect lighting power ratings

1. Conditioned space and non conditioned space are calculated separately.

2. Only certain buildings can use the whole building method.

3. Most buildings can use the area category method, which is the preferred method

due to its versatility.

4. Some buildings can use the tailored method, but it is almost exclusively for

specialty retail.

5. A combination of the area category method and the tailored method can be used. The spaces must be distinct and preferably different

The spaces must use one method or the other

• Auditorium Building

• Classroom Building

• Commercial and Industrial Storage

• Convention Center

• Financial Institution

• Grocery Store

• Library

• Medical/Clinic

• Office

• Parking garage

• Religious

• Restaurant

• School

• Theater

What’s Changed?

A little bit lower wattage, that’s all.

Changes

• Lower lighting watts per SF for most area types

• New footnotes for added “use it or lose it” power for certain areas1. Task work areas 0.2 w/sf

2. Specialized task work areas 0.5 w/sf

3. Ornamental lighting 0.5 w/sf

4. Precision work areas 1.0 w/sf

5. Chalk board/white board 5.5 w/lf

6. Accent display and feature lighting 0.3 w/sf

7. Decorative lighting 0.2 w/sf

8. Videoconference studio lighting 1.5 w/sf

Revised general lighting allowance

• Pre-2013, employed the IES Light level category system A-E and

sometimes permitted use of the IES handbook

• New system involves using Table 140.6D to determine light level in

lux, then Table 140.6G to determine allowed lighting power density

(watts per square foot)

• REMEMBER 1 FOOTCANDLE = 10 LUX

NEW RULE: cannot use display lighting in the

general lighting allowance. This will not be well liked

by certain owners who employ all track lighting

installations e.g. Crate and Barrel.

Installation Certificate requirements for specific applications Lighting Control Systems

Energy Management Control Systems

Integral or external current limiters

Interlocked systems

Power Adjustment Factors

Videoconference Studios

CERTIFICATION CAN BE PERFORMED BY ANY PERSON

QUALIFIED TO SIGN DESIGN COMPLIANCE DOCUMENTS

Acceptance testing required and to be performed on:

Automatic daylighting controls

Multi-level Astronomical time clocks

Lighting Controls

Automatic Lighting Controls

Occupancy Sensors

Outdoor Lighting Controls

TESTING MUST BE PERFORMED AND CERTIFIED BY A

“COOL CAT”

Qualified and certified provider who is prequalified, has hands-on training, and

passed a test.

Curriculum for an Acceptance Test Technician Certification Provider

shall include the analysis, theory, and practical application of

Building Energy Efficiency Standards lighting controls acceptance testing procedures;

and

Building Energy Efficiency Standards acceptance testing compliance documentation

for lighting controls.

A Practical Example

EXAMPLE

Simple 4200 sf store, E sized sheets

Area Category Method

Lighting Plan and Electrical Plans at ¼”=1’ scale– 1

sheet

Risers and Schedules – 1 sheet

All 27 compliance forms pasted on plans – 3 sheets

Neighborhood

Grocery

4000 sf main sales area

240 sf stockroom/receiving

60 sf restroom

Exterior urban setting

USING THE AREA CATEGORY METHOD

Choice of• Whole Building Method

• Area Category Method

• Tailored Method

• Combination of Area Category and Tailored Method

• LTI-01 series: Document checklist, summary values, schedule

• LTI-02 series: Controls checklists

• LTI-03 series: Power allowance calculations

• LTI-04 series: Tailored method calculations

• LTI-05 series: Track lighting

This project • Area Category Method

• LTI-01 series: 5 sheets

• LTI-02 series: 5 sheets

• LTI-03 series: 3 sheets

• LTI-04 series: Not required

• LTI-05 series: Not required

Choice of watts per square foot or inherently efficient

technology

• Forms are LTS-01 series: 4 sheets

Hardscape (general) lighting allowance plus use-it-or-lose

it additional lighting allowance(s)

LT0-01 series: Document checklist, summary values, schedule

LTI-02 series: Controls checklists

LTI-03 series: Power allowance calculations

We use both hardscape lighting allowance and a use-it-or-lose it

additional lighting allowance

LT0-01 series: 3 sheets

LTI-02 series: 3 sheets

LTI-03 series: 4 sheets

Basic, 4300 sf projectSimple interior lighting, 3006 wattsSimple exterior lighting, 277 wattsSimple advertising slides for retail

Interior lighting 13 sheetsExterior lighting 10 sheetsSigns 4 sheets

Total 27 sheets (~121 watts per sheet)