California Integrated Waste Management BoardOctober 21, 2008

1

Landfill Methane Capture Strategy

Established by the Climate Action Team March 2006

The Strategy includes the following components: Install new methane control systems at landfills

currently without systems;Maximize landfill methane capture efficiencies

through optimizing landfill design, operation, and closure/postclosure practices; and

Increase recovery of landfill gas that is currently flared as a biomass renewable energy source to avoid emissions from fossil fuel energy sources.

2

3

Landfill Methane Capture Strategy6.3 MMTCO2E (1990- 1.5% of net emissions)

5.6 MMTCO2E (2004- 1.2%)

Install New Methane Control Systems at Landfills Currently Without Systems

Landfill Methane Control Measure (ARB)Workgroup Meeting: September 12, 2008Applies to All Landfills Greater than 450,000 tons

of Waste In PlaceMain Discussion Topics/Highlights

Cut-off Date for Existing Landfills Affected by the Measure

Surface Emissions Performance Standard – 3 proposals Proposal #1 – 3 options Proposal #2 – 200 PPM instantaneous and specified

corrective action schedule Proposal #3 - 2 options

4

Install New Methane Control Systems at Landfills Currently Without Systems (cont.)

Landfill Methane Control Measure (cont.)Timeline for Measure Development

Next Public Workshop: October 2008 Staff Report: Late December 2008 Board Meeting: January 2008 Anticipated Effective Date: Fall 2009

More Information: http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/landfills/landfills.htm

Contacts: Renaldo Crooks rcrooks@arb.ca.gov 916 327-5618

Richard Boyd rboyd@arb.ca.gov 916-322-8285

5

Maximize Landfill Methane Capture Efficiencies

Technologies and Management Practices Guidance Document Available online at

http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Publications/default.asp?pubid=1268

Compost Cover at Landfills Methane Emissions Reduction Demonstration ProjectAwarded to Yolo County in April 2008Contract Suspended July 31, 2008, Work has not started.

Improve Emissions Measurement Methods

6

Improving Emissions Measurement MethodsCalifornia Energy Commission’s PIER Program Study:

Improved Methods for Landfill Methane Emissions in California

Goal: Develop an improved GHG inventory methodology for landfill methane emissions in California, based on a field-validated emissions model inclusive of seasonal methane oxidation.

3-year Project (2007 – 2010); Project Participants: Jean

Bogner, Kurt Spokas, Jeff Chanton

Includes 3 tasks: Template for collecting site-specific data; Theoretical/empirical modeling development; and Field validation of methodology.

7

Improved Methods for Landfill Methane Emissions in California

“Landfill CH4 Emissions in California: Developing an Improved Field-Validated Methodology for a Regional GHG Inventory,” Jean Bogner, California Climate Change Conference, September 2008 8

Improved Methods for Landfill Methane Emissions in California

9

Source: M. 1986. Measurement of Gaseous Emissions Rates from Land Surfaces using an Emission Isolation Flux Chamber, User's Guide, EPA Users Guide, (EPA 600/8-86/008)

Improved Methods for Landfill Methane Emissions in California

Progress To Date Data Template Developed and Tested Environmental Simulation/Meteorology Models

Selected (Global TempSIM, Global RainSIM, SOLARCALC)

Soil Microclimate Modeling: Moisture, Temperature (USDA Soil Temperature & Moisture Model)

Methane Emissions/Oxidation Model (1-D Diffusion based on concentration gradient through cover soils and harmonic averaging method for effective diffusivity)

Field Validation: 855 fluxes and over 2,000 incubations 10

Maximize Landfill Methane Capture Efficiencies

Environmental Protection Agency OTM 10 for Landfill Applications: Optical Remote SensingEPA Method OTM 10 for Non-point Source

MeasurementsCategory C:

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/tmethods.htmlHave not yet be subject to the Federal Rule Making

ProcessReviewed by the Emission Measurement Center staff

and found to be potentially useful to the emission measurement community

Project Partners: U.S. EPA, Waste Management, ARCADIS, and Alternative Natural Technologies

11

EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-Point Source Measurement

“Development of EPA OTM 10 for Landfill Applications, Interim Report, Presentation” US EPA, Waste Management, ARCADIS, Alternative Natural Technologies; Global Waste Management Symposium; September 2008

12

EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-Point Source Measurement

“Development of EPA OTM 10 for Landfill Applications, Interim Report, Presentation” US EPA, Waste Management, ARCADIS, Alternative Natural Technologies; Global Waste Management Symposium; September 2008

13

EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-Point Source Measurement

Challenges/Questions Regarding the MethodWhat is the best optical configuration for large

sources?What area is measured (plume capture)?What factors affect plume capture?How do we separate top and side slope

emissions?How do we estimate emissions per unit area?

14

EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-Point Source Measurement

Objective : Inform revisions to methodTest optimal configurationsProduce tracer release validation data on

plume captureIncrease knowledge of meteorology and

topography effectsProvide real-world feedback on method use

15

EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-Point Source Measurement

“Development of EPA OTM 10 for Landfill Applications, Interim Report, Presentation” US EPA, Waste Management, ARCADIS, Alternative Natural Technologies; Global Waste Management Symposium; September 2008

16

EPA Method OTM 10 for Non-Point Source Measurement

Summary and Next StepsEPA and Waste Management working to

optimize OTM 10 for landfill applicationsStudies are in Progress in 2008:

Test four corners configuration Produce tracer validation data on plume capture Increase understanding of meteorology and

topography effectsContinue work on database and method

developmentSuggest revisions to OTM 10 for large landfill

applications 17

Increase Recovery of Landfill Gas for Use as a Biomass Renewable Energy Source

Landfill Gas to Liquefied Natural Gas ProjectsGas Technology Institute – Altamont Landfill

$740,000 CIWMB Grant Award 13,000 gallons per day production facility Anticipated Project Commissioning: May 2009

Prometheus Energy – F.R. Bowerman Landfill $640,000 ARB Grant Award 5,000 gallons per day capacity Current Production: 1,250 to 4,000 gallons per day Other Planned Facilities: Kiefer Landfill,

Sacramento County18

Increase Recovery of Landfill Gas for Use as a Biomass Renewable Energy Source (Barriers)

South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Engine Rule 1110.2Amended February 1, 2008Purpose: To reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx),

volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO) from engines.

Biogas engines are subject to Table III.

19

South Coast AQMD Engine Rule 1110.2

20

Carbon Trading Market and Landfills

California Climate Action RegistryLandfill Project Reporting and Verification Protocols

Approved November 2007September 2008, began process to update protocol

New non-methane organic compound (NMOC) threshold Allowance of Open Flares Bioreactor Landfill Definition November 2008 Board Meeting to Approve Revisions

More Information: www.climateregistry.org

Chicago Climate ExchangeLandfill Methane Emissions OffsetsEligibility

21

Discussion and Status of the Landfill Methane Capture Strategy to Reduce California

Greenhouse Gases

22

• For additional information contact:

Stephanie Young Scott Walker

SYoung@ciwmb.ca.gov swalker@ciwmb.ca.gov

916-341-6357 916-341-6319

California Integrated Waste Management BoardOctober 21, 2008