california energy commission compressed natural gas workshop august 3, 2005 natural gas quality:...
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CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Compressed Natural Gas WorkshopAugust 3, 2005
Natural Gas Quality:Power Turbine PerformanceDuring Heat Content Surge
William WaltersAspen Environmental Group
Sponsored by the California Energy Commission
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Summary of Findings
• Uncontrolled NOx emissions increase with increasing natural gas heat content, but that increase is different for each turbine.• Controlled NOx was not found to increase, the emission controls were able to compensate• Additional ammonia was used for the gas turbines with Selective Catalytic Reduction in order to compensate.• Additional data is necessary to determine full impact to the natural gas fired power plants.
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Natural Gas Excursion Event
• PG&E pipeline coming from Canada experienced heat content excursion for three days.
• Heat content excursion due to outage at a liquids extraction plant in Canada.
• Operating and fuel data from four power plants were obtained around the excursion event.
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Power Plant Descriptions
• All of the power plants that were monitored are combined cycle power plants.
• Redding is a “muni”, while Sutter, Delta and LMEC are Calpine owned merchant plants.
• Specific Plant Turbine and Emissions Control Descriptions are provided below.
Facility Turbine Type (Number) MW (Turbine/Plant) Emission Control Technologies Redding Alstom GTX100 (1) 43/56 (Unit 5 only) SCONOx Sutter Westinghouse 501FD (2) 175/540 DLN, SCR, and Oxidation Catalyst Delta Westinghouse 501FD (3) 175/861 DLN, SCR LMEC General Electric 207FA (2) 172/555 DLN, SCR, and Oxidation Catalyst
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Power Plant Data
Natural Gas Data Performance Data Exhaust Data
Facility Btu
Con
tent
(as
used
)
Pipe
line
Gas
H
ydro
carb
on
Com
posi
tion
Pipe
line
Gas
Iner
t C
ompo
sitio
n
Hea
t or F
uel I
nput
MW
Out
put (
GT
only
)
Effic
ienc
y Es
t.
Am
mon
ia F
low
Proc
ess
Stat
us
Unc
ontr
olle
d N
Ox
Con
trol
led
NO
x
Con
trol
led
CO
Oxy
gen
Con
tent
Turb
ine/
Stac
k Ex
haus
t Te
mpe
ratu
res
SCR
Cat
alys
t Te
mpe
ratu
re
Redding X - - X - - N/A X X X X X -/- N/A Sutter X - 1 - X X - X X X X X X X/X X LMEC X X 2 X 2 X X X X - - X X X X/- - Delta X X 2 X 2 X X X X - - X X X X/- - 1 – Data supplied includes blended gas composition data. 2 – Data supplied from PG&E pipeline adjacent to Delta gas blending facility, but blended gas composition data for Delta was not supplied.
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Pipeline Natural Gas Heat Content
1020
1030
1040
1050
1060
1070
10800
:00
:00
4:0
0:0
08
:00
:00
12
:00
:00
16
:00
:00
20
:00
:00
0:0
0:0
04
:00
:00
8:0
0:0
01
2:0
0:0
01
6:0
0:0
02
0:0
0:0
00
:00
:00
4:0
0:0
08
:00
:00
12
:00
:00
16
:00
:00
20
:00
:00
0:0
0:0
04
:00
:00
8:0
0:0
01
2:0
0:0
01
6:0
0:0
02
0:0
0:0
00
:00
:00
4:0
0:0
08
:00
:00
12
:00
:00
16
:00
:00
20
:00
:00
0:0
0:0
04
:00
:00
8:0
0:0
01
2:0
0:0
01
6:0
0:0
02
0:0
0:0
0
8-Jun-05 9-Jun-05 10-Jun-05 11-Jun-05 12-Jun-05 13-Jun-05
Btu
/sc
f (H
HV
)
ReddingDelta
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Turbine Fuel Heat Content Variability
• Sutter Fuel Data
• LMEC Fuel Data
970
980
990
1000
1010
1020
1030
1040
1050
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
9-Jun-05 10-Jun-05 11-Jun-05 12-Jun-05 13-Jun-05 14-Jun-05
Btu
/scf
(H
HV
)
1,010.00
1,020.00
1,030.00
1,040.00
1,050.00
1,060.00
1,070.00
1,080.00
12:0
0 P
M
4:0
0 P
M
8:0
0 P
M
12:0
0 A
M
4:0
0 A
M
8:0
0 A
M
12:0
0 P
M
4:0
0 P
M
8:0
0 P
M
12:0
0 A
M
4:0
0 A
M
8:0
0 A
M
12:0
0 P
M
4:0
0 P
M
8:0
0 P
M
12:0
0 A
M
4:0
0 A
M
8:0
0 A
M
12:0
0 P
M
4:0
0 P
M
8:0
0 P
M
12:0
0 A
M
4:0
0 A
M
8:0
0 A
M
12:0
0 P
M
4:0
0 P
M
8:0
0 P
M
12:0
0 A
M
4:0
0 A
M
8:0
0 A
M
12:0
0 P
M
4:0
0 P
M
8:0
0 P
M
12:0
0 A
M
4:0
0 A
M
8:0
0 A
M
12:0
0 P
M
4:0
0 P
M
8:0
0 P
M
12:0
0 A
M
4:0
0 A
M
8:0
0 A
M
12:0
0 P
M
6-Jun-05 7-Jun-05 8-Jun-05 9-Jun-05 10-Jun-05 11-Jun-05 12-Jun-05 13-Jun-05
Heat
Co
nte
nt
(Btu
/scf)
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Gas Turbine Load Variability
• Redding Turbine
• Sutter Turbines
300.0
320.0
340.0
360.0
380.0
400.0
420.0
440.0
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
9-Jun-05 10-Jun-05 11-Jun-05 12-Jun-05 13-Jun-05
Hea
t In
pu
t (M
MB
tu/h
r)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
0:00
:00
4:00
:00
8:00
:00
12:0
0:00
16:0
0:00
20:0
0:00
9-Jun-05 10-Jun-05 11-Jun-05 12-Jun-05 13-Jun-05 14-Jun-05
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
CT1 MMBtu/hr
CT2 MMBtu/hr
CT1 MW
CT2 MW
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Uncontrolled NOx Emissions vs. Heat Content
Sutter Turbine 2 Redding
1020 1030 1040 1050 1060N atura l G as H eat C ontent (B tu/scf)
25
26
27
28
Un
con
tro
lled
NO
x P
PM
970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050N atura l G as H eat C ontent (B tu/scf)
20
22
24
26
28
30
Un
con
tro
lled
NO
x P
PM
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Ammonia Consumption
• Sutter Turbine 2 ammonia injection rate vs. natural gas heat content at near similar operating loads
975 980 985 990 995 1000 1005 1010 1015 1020 1025 1030 1035Natura l G as H eat C ontent (B tu/scf)
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
Am
mo
nia
In
ject
ion
Ra
te (
lbs/
ho
ur)
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Controlled NOx Emissions vs. Heat Content
Redding Controlled NOx
Sutter Controlled NOx
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
1020 1025 1030 1035 1040 1045 1050 1055 1060
Natural Gas Heat Content (Btu/scf)
Co
ntr
oll
ed N
Ox
PP
M
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
980 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040
Natural Gas Heat Content (Btu/scf)
NO
x E
mis
sio
ns
PP
MTurbine 1Turbine 2
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Conclusions• Results of this study may not apply to all newer
combined cycle gas turbine facilities; particularly different turbine models/makes and those with different combustors.
• Additional data from other combined cycle plants, including any 7F turbine base load plants, should be collected when similar natural gas heat content excursion events occur.
• Additional data from simple cycle plants should be collected.
• Additional data from other older facilities that make up the bulk of the current natural gas fired power plant emissions (i.e. cogeneration units, perhaps even steam boilers).