数学史第6回hazama/saito_5/history_files/h28...evolved in human history _ time before 1400 is...

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Page 1: 数学史第6回hazama/saito_5/History_files/H28...evolved in human history _ time before 1400 is compressed vi[l] 3. vi[2] 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. vi[10] 0614674589207181738 1214451522580522856
Page 2: 数学史第6回hazama/saito_5/History_files/H28...evolved in human history _ time before 1400 is compressed vi[l] 3. vi[2] 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. vi[10] 0614674589207181738 1214451522580522856

数学史第6回 

π(つづき)

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内容: πの計算の歴史(近現代)

11.. ヴィエト,オイラーの計算法

22.. ライプニッツの公式

00.. πの計算世界記録の推移

<半角の公式>

<aarrccttaannのテイラー展開>

33.. マチンの公式

4.. ラマヌジャンの公式

<aarrccttaannの恒等式,テイラー展開>

<??????>

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00.. πの計算世界記録の推移

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11.. ヴィエト,オイラーの計算法

オイラーによって一般化

ヴィエトの公式:

歴史上初めて「無限乗積」が現れた

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(1707/4/15~1783/9/18)

その証明:

オイラーの公式:

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nn が十分大きいとき

とおくと

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とおくと

ところが,両辺の逆数をとると ......

オイラーの公式:

の公式これが

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劉徽の公式 !!

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Gottfried Willhelm Leibniz (1646/7/1~1716/11/14)

(ニュートンと並ぶ微積分学の創始者)

22.. ライプニッツの公式

その証明:

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ライプニッツの公式は

しかし

収束が非常におそい

正しい小数第1100位を計算するのに

11,,000000,,000000,,000000項以上必要

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John Machin (1686~1751/6/9)

彼はこれとaarrccttaannのテイラー展開を利用して

小数第110000位まで計算した

(計算機が登場するまでこの公式が使われた)

33.. マチンの公式

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右辺の第 kk 項まで計算したものを

m(k)

とおくと ......

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マチンの公式の証明:

とおく

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Srinivasa Ramanujan (1887/12/22~1920/4/26)

4.. ラマヌジャンの公式

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ラマヌジャンの近似式:

どうやって見つけたか?

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πの連分数表示:

大きい数の一歩前で切ると

近似がよい

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π の連分数表示:4

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HHaazzaammaaの公式 ((??))

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問題

を小数第4位まで計算せよ.

ただし, とする.

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おしまい