by the end of 1916… stalemate on all fronts low morale french troops mutiny russia on the...
TRANSCRIPT
Ending the WarHWH UNIT 9
CHAPTER 14.3 and 14.4
By the End of 1916…
Stalemate on all fronts
Low morale French troops mutiny Russia on the verge of collapse Economic hardships on the homefront
Millions already dead
AT THIS POINT, WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO END THE WAR AND ENSURE A LASTING PEACE?
Blockade and Economic Warfare
The US Joins the War
Post-War plans Furthered colonial and imperial interests
Allies agreed to divide Ottoman Empire and Germany’s colonies
Germany had plans of colonial expansion The Zimmerman Telegram
US Declares War (April, 1917)
WAR ON THE HOMEFRONT
Propaganda
The Role of Women
French Munitions Workers
More French Munitions
Workers
The Red Cross
Filling the Roles of the Men
Nearly half of the labor force became female
Female Russian Soldier
The Russian Revolution (1917) and the Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk (1918)
The Final German Offensive
Spring, 1918
Hindenburg and Ludendorff
US Troops Arrive…
The Collapse of the Central Powers
Germany Civilian government vs. military
Austria-Hungary Ethnic minorities
November 11, 1918
The Paris Peace Talks, 1919
The “Big Four”
Lloyd George, Orlando, Clemenceau, and Wilson
Wilson’s Fourteen Points vs. Revanche
Differing Agendas
Britain: a nation “fit for heroes,” maintain empires
France: Punish Germany
Italy: Land on the Adriatic
US: Lasting peace, collective security
The Treaty of Versailles
Stipulations of the Treaty
1. Germany military reduced
2. Rhineland permanently demilitarized Occupied for 15 years
3. Saar region controlled by League of Nations for 15 years
4. Reparations $30 Billion
5. Germany forfeits all colonies
6. Article 231: The War Guilt Clause
Implications of the Treaty
1. Self Determination for some…• Colonies were redistributed
2. Germany humiliated• Diktat• The “Stab in the Back”
3. No foundation for lasting peace
4. New Map
Global Implications The Middle East
Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916) Divided the Middle East between France and
Britain New nations were arbitrarily created (Iraq, Syria,
Lebanon, Jordan)
The Balfour Declaration (1917) Britain promised the created of a Jewish
state in Palestine NO SELF-DETERMINATION FOR ARABS
Africa Colonies and Mandates
NO SELF-DETERMINATION FOR AFRICANS
Humanitarian Implications
