RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

By: Sam Mentkowski & Rachael Shulta

LEARNING TARGET:

Identify the structures of the respiratory system

and state the function of each structure. (k)

Truth or BaloneyThe organs of the respiratory system can be divided into two groups, or tracts: upper respiratory tract & lower respiratory tract.

TRUE!

The upper respiratory tract consists of the nose, nasal cavities, sinuses and the larynx.

pharynxBALONEY!

Matching

Nose

Nose hairs

Mucous membrane

Cilia covering membrane

Produces mucous to provide warm moisture to the air entering the body

Where air enters & leaves respiratory system

Filters particles & push

them to pharynx

Trap dirt, dust & bacteria that live on them

(Upper Respiratory Tract)

Matching (cont.)

Sinuses

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

Passageway for air, drains naval cavities

Air spaces in skull to reduce weight

Receives objects from mouth

Lower part of throat

Fill in the BlankFlexibility & protection of larynx: thyroid

cartilage.

Opening through which air passes: glottis.

Flap of tissue that covers your glottis when you swallow &

blocks food from getting into your larynx: epiglottis.

Vibrate to produce sound: vocal cords.

Passageway for air into lungs, cilia catch impurities: trachea.

WORD BANK: mucous membrane, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, nasopharynx, trachea, glottis, vocal cords

(Lower Respiratory Tract)

Fill in the Blank (cont.)Branched airways leading from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs in lungs: bronchial tree.

Enters lungs: bronchi.

Smaller branches off of bronchi: bronchioles.

Smallest parts of respiratory system, involved in gas exchange, surrounded by capillaries: alveoli.

Encase the lungs, involved in regulating pressure in lungs:

Pleural membranes.

WORD BANK: alveoli, bronchi, epiglottis, bronchial tree, pleural membranes, mucous membranes, bronchioles

Diagram

Nose

Pharynx

Trachea

Left Primary Bronchus

Tertiary Bronchus

Diaphragm

Right Primary Bronchus

Lung

Larynx

Secondary Bronchus

WORD BANK:LungPharynxTracheaLeft Primary BronchusRight Primary BronchusNose LarynxSecondary BronchusTertiary BronchusDiaphragm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

LEARNING TARGET:

Collect & analyze data regarding the warming function of the nasal

passageways. (r)

Multiple Choice/T or BWhy are nasal passageways better at heating the

inhaled air than the mouth? a) mucous membranes around the nasal chonchae b) shorter distance to the lungs c) the nostrils are smaller openings d) because they are

TRUTH OR BALONEY?!Inhaling colder air through the mouth is good for the

lungs. can

irritateBALONEY!

Evaluate Data

According to the class data, the nasal passageways /mouth heat(s) the air

better.

LEARNING TARGET:

Describe the process of ventilation. (k)

Multiple ChoiceThe definition of ventilation is.. a) the vital capacity plus the residual volume b) the intensity of breathing c) movement of air into and out of lungs d) running around in circles

Another name for ventilation is.. a) chewing b) breathing c) sleeping d) running

Truth or Baloney!

The membranes that surround the lungs are the pleural, parietal, and visceral membrane.

TRUE!

The lungs explode if its membranes are punctured.

collapseBALONEY!

Process of Inhalation

1. Contraction of external intercostal muscles pulls ribs upward and outward.

2. Diaphragm contracts.

3. Volume of thoracic cavity increases.

4. Pressure in pleural cavity decreases.

5. Lungs inflate as air rushes in.

WORD BANK: INCREASES, DECREASES, ELASTIC, DEFLATE, DIAPHRAGM, INFLATE, INTERCOSTAL

Process of Exhalation

1. Muscles of inhalation relax due to elastic recoil.

2. Volume of thoracic cavity decreases.

3. Pressure in pleural cavity increases.

4. Lungs deflate.

WORD BANK: DECREASES, INCREASES, INFLATE, ELASTIC RECOIL, DEFLATE, DIAPHRAGM

Fill in the BlankIntercostal or Abdominal?

The ribs are raised by the contraction of the intercostal muscles, which increases the size of thoracic cavity.

Muscles that help to force out more than the normal volume

of air by pulling the ribs downward & inward include the intercostal muscles.

The diaphragm can be forced to move higher than normal by

the contraction of the abdominal muscles.

Multiple ChoiceWhich of the following is false regarding

surfactant? a) is a phospholipid b) reduces elastic recoil c) warming function of nasal passageway d) prevents complete deflation of our

lungs

LEARNING TARGET:Determine how certain factors affect breathing

rate. (r)

MatchingRespiratory areas of the brain (2)

Chemical Levels

Emotional State

Physical Fitness

Control rate of respiratory pattern

Controls breathing & heart rate

Dependent on endurance/stamina

Controls autonomic functions

Provide feedback for control of breathing

**You will be given a situation and you will need to explain what the respiratory response will be!

LEARNING TARGET:

Define terms associated with lung volumes and

capacities. (k)

Matching

Tidal Volume

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Expiratory Reserve Volume

The additional volume of air that

can be inhaled with maximum

effort after a normal inspiration

The volume of air breathed in and out without conscious effort

The additional volume of air that can be forcible

exhaled after normal exhalation

Matching

Vital Capacity

Total Capacity

Residual Volume

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum

exhalation

The total volume of air that can be

exhaled after a maximum inhalation:

VC = TV + IRV + ERV

The vital capacity plus the residual volume: = VC + RV

LEARNING TARGET:

Use a spirometer to obtain lung volumes and capacities and interpret

the results. (s)

Interpret graphWORD BANK:

Tidal Volume (TV)

Vital Capacity (VC)

Inspiratory Reserve Volume ( IRV)

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Residual Volume (RV)

1 2 3 4

5

6

Calculating Using Data

Using the data, calculate the vital capacity.

VC = TV + IRV + ERV

Using the data, calculate the total lung capacity.

TLC = VC + RV

Multiple ChoiceWhy are breathing capacities measured? a) to see how warm the air we breathe is b) because it’s required by Mrs. Cerletty c) to track progress of diseases d) to find out what we ate for lunch

Which of the following factors may affect a person’s VC?

a) smoking b) body type c) exercise d) all of the above may affect a person’s VC

LEARNING TARGET:

Define each step of the breathing cycle. (k)

MatchingVentilation

External Respiration

Transportation

Internal Respiration

Movement of gases through

the bloodstream

Inhaling oxygen and exhaling

carbon dioxide (breathing)

Gas exchange occurring between blood and cells

Gas exchange between the

alveoli and the blood

LEARNING TARGET:

Interpret diagrams related to the breathing cycle. (r)

Multiple ChoiceThe definition of partial pressure is.. a) the pressure one gas produces in a mixture of

gases b) the pressure half the gases produce in a mixture c) the pressure all the gases produce in a mixture d) a mixture of gases

What causes gases to move from the alveoli to the capillaries or capillaries to alveoli?

a) an abundance of pressure b) not enough pressure c) because our body knows to do that d) differences in partial pressure

DiagramGiven partial pressure data, show the proper movement of gases at the site

of alveoli.

Truth or Baloney!

Alveoli are the site of gas exchange.

TRUE!

The protein that transports oxygen to the cells is carbohydrates.

hemoglobinBALONEY!

Multiple ChoiceWhat is the main function of gas exchange? a) to maintain a steady level of CO2 in the

bloodstream b) moisturize the air c) turn blue blood to red blood d) to keep our feet healthy

How is CO2 transported throughout the body? a) bound to hemoglobin b) dissolved in plasma c) bicarbonate d) all of the above are correct

LEARNING TARGET:

Relate the breathing cycle to everyday

situations. (r)

MatchingHyperventilation Hypoventilatio

n

Exercise

Traveling from low to high altitude locations

Exposure to carbon monoxide

Respiratory illnesses

Smoking

LEARNING TARGET:

Analyze data related to breathing cycles. (s)

Truth or BaloneyWhen you breathe normally, you are inhaling

more O2.

TRUE!

O2 is the most responsible gas for stimulating increases & decreases in the breathing cycle.

BALONEY! CO2

CIRCLE THE BEST ANSWER!During exercise, CO2 production

increases/decreases.

Fill in the BlankWhen a person hyperventilates in fresh air, his

CO2 content decreases.

A decrease in CO2 is followed by a decrease in the rate of respiration.

The supply of blood CO2 during hypoventilation into a paper bag increases.

An increase in blood CO2 content is followed by an increase in the rate of respiration.

WORD BANK: Increase, decrease, increases, decreases

GOODLUCK ON YOUR

TEST! TRY NOT TO HYPERVENTILATE!