by: kristina everding , emily lensing, shannon ditsch , and danielle vujovic
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By: Kristina Everding , Emily Lensing, Shannon Ditsch , and Danielle Vujovic. The Effects of PNF Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility in Female Collegiate Soccer and Volleyball Players. Introduction. Hamstring flexibility in female soccer and volleyball players B enefits in PNF stretching - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Effects of PNF Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility in
Female Collegiate Soccer and Volleyball Players
By: Kristina Everding, Emily Lensing, Shannon Ditsch, and Danielle Vujovic
Introduction
Hamstring flexibility in female soccer and volleyball players
Benefits in PNF stretching Volleyball players more flexible
Introduction Cont.
Three large muscle groups:
Introduction Cont.
Tested three types of PNF stretching: Hold and Relax Contract and Relax Relax with opposing muscle contraction
PNF relies on neuromuscular characteristics in order to relax the muscles
Improve flexibility by inhibiting muscle contraction
Introduction Cont.
Studies are very contradictory More research needed
Participants
24 total NCAA Division III female athletes
12 soccer players 12 volleyball players All were between the ages of 18-23 No current hamstring injuries Participants for each team had
similar fitness levels
Measures, Instruments, Tasks V Sit and Reach Box
Used to measure flexibility of lower back and hamstrings
Measures, Instruments, Tasks V Sit and Reach Test Protocol
Sitting on the ground Legs straight out in front with knees flat
to the ground with no shoes on Feet are pressed against the V Sit and
Reach Box Participant will reach with both hand and
push the knob as far as they can They did they 3 times and took their
best score
Measures, Instruments, Tasks Proprioceptive Neuromuscular
Facilitation (PNF) Hold-Relax Contract-Relax Relax with opposing muscle contraction
Procedure
6 different trial days (nonconsecutive)
On days of normal practice/workouts Took place in AWC for volleyball Took place in Rockbowl for soccer Trials were conducted immediately
after practice
Procedure
Half of the trial were followed by PNF stretching (2,4,6)
Other half was without PNF stretching (1,3,5)
On the stretching days, we split up the participants to ensure more accurate results Stay warm and loose
Results
Mean scores were found for each participant
A Dependent Samples T-test was conducted Non- stretching mean: M=35.84 cm PNF stretching mean: M=37.35 cm There was a significant difference▪ P value: 0.001 and T value: -3.916
Dependent Samples T-Test Mean Standard
DeviationDegrees of Freedom
T-value P-value
No Stretching 35.8403 9.9618
23
-3.916
.001
PNF Stretching 37.3472 9.35930
No Stretching PNF Stretching35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5
The Effects of PNF Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility in Female Collegiate Soccer and Volleyball Players
Stretching Mode
Sit and Reach Scores (cm)
Results
Two Independent Sample T-tests were conducted Test 1: to determine if significant
difference in scores before PNF stretching▪ Mean score for soccer players: M= 36.97cm▪ Mean score for volleyball players: M=34.71cm▪ Significant difference not was found
(P=0.473, t=.548)
Independent Samples T-Test (no stretching) Mean Standard
DeviationDegrees of Freedom
T-value P-value
Soccer 36.9722 8.991 22 .548
.473
Volleyball 34.7083 11.130
Results
Test 2: to determine if difference in scores after PNF stretching▪ Mean score for soccer players: M=38.53cm▪ Mean score for volleyball players: M=36.12cm▪ Significant difference was not found
(p=0.400, t=.609)
Independent Samples T-Test (PNF stretching) Mean Standard
DeviationDegrees of Freedom
T-value P-value
Soccer 38.5278 2.534 22 .609
.400
Volleyball 36.1667 2.930
Conclusion Accept hypothesis 1-PNF stretching increased ROM
This agrees with Silva et al. (2012), as they found that PNF stretching promotes a greater range of motion.
Conclusion Cont. Reject hypothesis 2-Female soccer players had higher V Sit and Reach results than volleyball players. However, this difference was not significant.
Extraneous Variables Weather conditions Intensity levels Efficiency of data collection Soreness of athlete
Future Studies Longer study duration More participants Smaller test administrator to
participant ratio Male study
ReferencesChe-Hsiu, C., Tsun-Shun, H., Huei-Ming, C., Mei-Hwa, J., & Jiu-Jenq, L. (2013). Two stretching treatments for the hamstrings: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus kinesio taping. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 22(1), 59-66.Chow, T. Y., & Nag, G. F. (2010). Active, passive and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching are comparable in improving the knee flexion range in people with total knee replacement: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 24(10), 911-918.Davis, D., Ashby, P.E., McCale, K.L., McQuain, J.A., & Wine, J.M. (2005). The effectiveness of 3 stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility using consistent stretching parameters. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 19(1), 27-32.Franco, B.L., Signorelli, G.R., Tragano, G.S., Costa, P.B., & Oliveira, C. G. (2012). Acute effects of three different stretching protocols on the wingate test performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 11(1), 1-7.Jordan, B., Korgaokar, A., Farley, R., & Caputo, J. (2012). Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on agility performance in elite youth soccer players. International Journal of Exercise Science, 5(2), 97- 105.Pereira, M., & Gonçalves, M. (2012). Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation improves balance and knee extensors strength of older fallers. ISRN Rehabilitation, 1-7. Rubini, E., Souza, A., Mello, M., Bacurau, R., Cabral, L., & Farinatti, P. (2011). Immediate effect of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on hip adductor flexibility in female ballet dancers. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 15(4), 177-181. Silva, S. B., De Faria, E. M., Almeida, J. B., Bernardes, R. C., Valenti, V. E., Vanderlei, L. M., & De Abreu, L. (2012). Effects of two proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in different planes on hamstrings muscles of healthy subjects. Healthmed, 6(7), 2332-2338.