MOLECULAR

BIOLOGISTSBy: Henry Cheatham,

Brett Samuels, and Nicole Kottmann

Cellular and Molecular Evidence

Evolution explains similarities at cellular and molecular level

On The Molecular Level:Different organisms share genes,

which we learned about last semester

Ex: Roundworms and HumansGene similarities as well as the DNA

code reveal a common ancestry among species

Molecular and Cellular Cont. On The Cellular Level

All organisms are made of cells and use the same molecules to perform different tasks such as proteins and sugars

Plant and animal cells share similarities and only have 3 unique structures

Evidence of Evolution-Both simple and complex cells are

all made by similar division processes (grow and die)

-99% of molecules are made from 6 similar elements

-Receive DNA from parents with amino acids within the DNA (Living things are made with 20 common amino acids)

-They either need sunlight for energy or consume plants for energy

-Species share similar bone content (Dogs, cats, whales are all mammals)Shared Traits from common ancestors exist because of the very similar processes, which can degrade different theories of special and independent creation that are suggested to form new species

Evidence Supporting Biological Evolution

The code that translates nucleotide sequences to amino acids is basically the same in all organisms

Ex: Hemoglobin (carries oxygen) and myglobin (receives and stores oxygen) are two structures of proteins found in most multicellular organisms-they’re folded similarly and have similar molecules within

Evidence Cont.

Info gained about these structures through observations in animals were proven so similar that a family tree of hemoglobin and myglobin variation among organisms was made

Genes have also helped shape the evolutionary history of organisms through mutations, which lead to gradual changes in species