BURNS & McDONNELL MICROGRID APPLICATIONS

Presented to

Midwest Energy Policy Conference

October 2016

Microgrid Definition

A microgrid is

“a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy

resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that

acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid

[and can] connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it

to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.”

- the U.S. Department of Energy

Microgrid Definition

A microgrid is

“a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy

resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that

acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid

[and can] connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it

to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.”

- the U.S. Department of Energy

Common Features

► Decoupling of Generators from Loads

► Increased Redundancy of Generation

► Seamless Transitions to/from Utility

What Microgrids are Not

► Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)

► Controls Only Solutions

► Sources of Revenue

► Strictly for Customer Energy Reliability /

Independence

► Heavily Dependent on Diesel Generation

► Bi-State Systems

Historical View of Microgrids

► Microgrids Now Contain Assets

which are Installed Primarily for

Utility-Tied Operation

► No Energy Source is

Out of Bounds

► Multiple Modes of Operation -

Both Grid Tied and Islanded

Microgrid Evolution

► Microgrids Designed to be an IPP 99.99% of the Time with Customer Energy Security as a Secondary Requirement

► Utilities Adopting New Rate Structures and Capital Plans to Profit from Microgrid Capabilities

► Cyber Security is the Big Hurdle to Clear

Where We are Headed

Co

mb

ine

d H

ea

t &

Po

we

r

• Central Energy Plant Approach

• Focused on Highly Efficient Utility Tied Operation

• Common on University Campuses

Tra

ditio

na

l C

ritica

l In

fra

str

uctu

re

• Central Power Plant Approach

• Only Operate in Absence of Utility

• Common at Data Centers and Hospitals

Ne

xt

Ge

n C

ritica

l In

fra

str

uctu

re

• Distributed Generation Approach

• Focused on Flexibility and Sustainability

• Quick to Embrace Emerging Technology

Microgrid Markets

Example #1

Gainesville Regional Utilities &

UF Shands Cancer Hospital

► New Medical Campus Focused on Treatment of Cancer

► Multiphase Construction

► Energy Services Outsourced as Design / Build / Own / Operate / Maintain

Overall Project

Normal Utility Bus

Life Safety Bus

Generation Bus

Utility (Typ.)

Energy Center One Line

► Fully Load Diesel Generators During Testing

► CHP Yields 80% Efficient Operation

► Hospital Achieved LEED Gold Certification Thanks to Energy Center

Energy Center Benefits

Example #2

Thermal Energy Corporation &

Texas Medical Center

► TECO Serves 18 Million Sq Ft of Space Within the 52 TMC Member

Institutions

► 120,000 Ton Chilled Water Capacity (Provisions

for 48,000 Tons in Future)

► 900,000 lb/hr Steam Generation

► 48MW CHP Turbine

► 16MW Diesel Backup

Texas Sized Capacities

► Operating in Deregulated Market Within ERCOT

► Bidding into Day Ahead Market

► Dynamically Changes Energy Mix Based on Market Conditions

► Thermal Storage Tank for Additional Flexibility

TECO Operation

► 8.8 Million Gallon Tank

► Thermal Capacity of 64kton-hr (~60MWh)

► Charge/Discharge at 16kgpm (~30MW)

► Provides Immediate Ride Through for Chilled Water Loss

► Allows TECO to Peak Shave &

Participate in Arbitrage

Thermal Energy Storage

Example #3

Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration

for Energy Reliability and Security

USACE/ERDC-CERL, Philadelphia

District, Omaha District

Military Services

Naval Facilities Engineering

Command

States of Hawaii & Colorado

Local Utility Companies

US Secretary of Defense,

USPACOM, DOE,

USNORTHCOM, DHS

5 DOE National Labs

SPIDERS Stakeholders

CAMP SMITH

ENERGY ISLAND

• Entire Installation

Smart Microgrid

• Distributed

Renewables

• Blinkless Transfer of

Buildings on Loss of

Utility

• RoI-Focused

Approach

PEARL-HICKAM

CIRCUIT LVL DEMO

• Single, 15kV

Distribution Circuit

• Two Critical Loads

• Renewable Power

Island

FT CARSON

MICRO-GRID

• Three, 15kV

Distribution Circuits

• Relatively Large PV

Source

• Bi-Directional EV

Charging Stations

HIGHLY SENSITIVE CRITICAL LOADS

TRANSITION

• Template for DoD-

wide

implementation

• New Uniform

Facility Codes

• CONOPS

• TTPs

• Training Plans

• DSIA Certification

• Transition to

Electric Utility

Sector

• Transition Cyber-

Security to Federal

Sector and Utilities

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

UTILITY ANCILLARY SERVICES

SPIDERS Multiphase

Approach

Purpose of SPIDERS ► More Efficient Operation of Diesel Generators

• Supply critical load using fewer generators

• Online generators operate at more efficient point

► Ability to Integrate Renewable Resources

• Microgrid provides a “grid source” to allow UL compliant equipment to operate

• Power from renewables further reduces consumption of diesel fuel

► Increased Redundancy for Critical Systems

• Generators can serve any load in microgrid

► Implement Cyber Security for Microgrid Command and Control

• Microgrids must be less vulnerable than the utility grid to cyber attacks

• Control network must be responsive to rapidly changing electrical system

► Minimize Changes to Existing Infrastructure

• In order to maximize effectiveness of SPIDERS program, it must be implemented at

existing facilities – not just new ones

• Utilizing existing infrastructure increases reliability and maintainability of systems

REDUCE DIESEL FUEL CONSUMPTION

&

INCREASE RELIABILITY

SPIDERS Phase I

DoD Owned Substation

Renewable Island

Critical WWTP Loads

15kV Feeder 1600kW

Generator

800kW Generator

Distributed Microgrid Control System

Phase I Components

Phase I Performance

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Fue

l Co

nsu

mp

tio

n (

gal/

m)

Po

we

r (k

W)

Typical Microgrid Power and Fuel Consumption

PV Output

WWTP Total Load

Traditional Fuel Consumption

SPIDERS Fuel Consumption

Fuel savings due to generator optimization

Fuel savings due to PV integration

SPIDERS Phase II

SPIDERS Phase II

► Three Microgrid Diesel Generators (3MW total)

► 1MW PV Array

► Five Bi-Directional Hi-Speed Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (300kW /

400kWh total)

EV Charging Stations

► Five, 100kVA Stations

► Four Quadrant Control Permits VAR Support of Utility or Microgrid Even

Without Vehicles

► Aggregator Allows Smart Charging of Fleet

Based on Utility and Functional Requirements

PV

Arra

y

Distribu

tion

Line

Phase II Microgrid

SPIDERS Phase III

SPIDERS Phase III

► Microgrid to Support Entire Military Base

► EPA Tier 4i Generators Permit Economic Dispatch for Utility Ancillary Services

► Battery Storage for Blinkless Transfer to Microgrid for Critical Buildings on

Utility Loss

► Distributed Solar Power

Microgrids Within Microgrids

Microgrid #1

Microgrid #2

Microgrid #3

HECO #1

HECO #2

SPIDERS Successes

► Cyber-Secure Controls

► Stable Operation of Microgrid with 90% PV Penetration

► Bi-Directional Charging of Electric Vehicles in Grid-Tied and Islanded

Operation

► Optimization of Distributed Generation

► Increased Reliability