bureaucracy and formal organizations

Chapter 7: Bureaucracy and Formal OrganizationsCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 1

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A Down-to-Earth Approach 10/e

Slides by Dan Cavanaugh

7Chapter

Background photo source: JUPITERIMAGES/Comstock Images/Alamy Royalty Free


“The idea that efficiency and practical results should dominate human affairs.”

The Rationalization The Rationalization of Societyof Society


Prior - Traditional Societies Past Best Guide for Present Protect Status Quo Bases on Personal

Relationships

Why Did Society Change?Why Did Society Change?


Post - Industrialization- Capitalism

Rationality - Most Efficient Going Forward

Attention to Bottom Line



Marx: Capitalism Broke Tradition

Weber: Religion Broke Tradition

The Two Views Today



“Secondary groups designed to achieve explicit objectives.”

What Are Formal What Are Formal Organizations?Organizations?


Characteristics of Bureaucracies Clear Levels Division of Labor Written Rules Written Communication and

Records Impersonality & Replaceability

Formal Organizations Formal Organizations and Bureaucracyand Bureaucracy


“Ideal” vs. “Real” Bureaucracy

Extent of Bureaucracy - A Matter of Degree

Ideal vs. Actual Organizational Chart

Formal Organizations Formal Organizations and Bureaucracyand Bureaucracy


Red Tape - A Rule is a Rule Lack of Communication

Between Units Bureaucratic Alienation

Dysfunctions of Dysfunctions of BureaucraciesBureaucracies


Resisting Alienation

The Alienated Bureaucrat

Bureaucratic Incompetence

Dysfunctions of Dysfunctions of BureaucraciesBureaucracies


Goal Displacement

Perpetuation/continuion of

Bureaucracies

BureaucraciesBureaucracies


Functions of Voluntary Associations Advance Particular

Interests Offer People Identity Govern Nations and

Maintain Social Order These Apply to All or Most

Voluntary Associations

Voluntary AssociationsVoluntary Associations


Mediate Between Government and Individuals

Help Individuals Climb Occupational Ladder


Functions of Voluntary Associations


Functions of Voluntary Associations


Bring People into Political Mainstream

Pave Way for Social Change

These Apply to Only Some Voluntary Associations


Shared Interests Motivations for Joining

Differ Experience High Turnover

Iron Law of Oligarchy Leaders Grow Distant

from Members The Problem of Oligarchy



Self-Fulfilling Stereotypes in the Hidden Corporate Culture

Self-Fulfilling Stereotypes and Promotions

Working for the Working for the CorporationCorporation


Develop Rather than Impede Potential

More Flexible Rules Distribute Power More

Evenly Offer More Uniform Access

to Opportunities

Humanizing the Humanizing the Corporate CultureCorporate Culture


Work Teams Corporate Day Care Employee Stock Ownership The Conflict Perspective Fads in the Workplace

Humanizing the Humanizing the Corporate Culture Corporate Culture


The Microchip Surveillance in the

Workplace Monitoring Computer Use

Technology and the Technology and the Control of WorkersControl of Workers


Awkward Symbiosis American Automakers

Learned from Japanese Japanese Automakers

Learned from Americans All We Know is that

Bureaucracies will Survive

U.S. and Japanese U.S. and Japanese CorporationsCorporations