bullying, how to recognize it! a pamphlet in four languages

4
Bullying How to Recognize It! THE NUNAVUT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGES THE BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND ITS PUBLICATION, “FOCUS ON BULLYING A PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL COMMUNITIESMUCH OF THE CONTENT OF THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN ADAPTED AND USED AS AN INFORMATION SOURCE FOR OUR PAMPHLET Curriculum & School Services Department of Education Government of Nunavut PO Box 390, Arviat, NU X0C 0E0 Fax: (867) 857-3090 Definition “Bullying … is a pattern of repeated aggressive behaviour, with negative intent, directed from one child to another where there is a power imbalance.” Dr. Dan Olweus. Bullying is an aggressive behaviour that includes physical or verbal intentional and purposeful acts that are meant to cause injury or discomfort on another person. Three Critical Conditions 3 critical conditions that distinguish bullying from other forms of aggressive behaviour: 1. Power – children who bully gain power though physical size, status in a peer group and by recruiting support by a peer group. 2. Frequency – bullying is not a random act. It is frequent and repeated. The child being bullied anticipates it – causing fear that can have long-term effects. 3. Intent to harm – children who bully – do so with a purpose or intent to physically or emotionally harm the other child. Two Kinds of Bullying Bullying can start off looking like playful teasing, joking, roughhousing but it escalates. There are two kinds of bullying: 1. Direct – great deal of physical and/or emotional open aggression 2. Indirect – usually hidden – takes form of teasing, gossiping, spreading rumors, and social isolation When Is It Bullying? When determining whether a specific act is bullying, consider whether or not it: Is repeated over time Involves a power imbalance Is intended to hurt What Happens to Those Who Are Bullied? Those who are bullied can withdraw from conflict. This causes social isolation which can make them more vulnerable. Some can become confused by social cues and become aggressive themselves. When Does Bullying Start? Bullying behaviour can begin as early as age 2 or 3. Research has shown that it can increase during their lifetime, starting with children who possess limited skills in managing relationship conflict, and this can lead to anger and aggression. Children who engage in bullying often process social information inaccurately. They perceive hostility where it does not exist and have strong needs to dominate. They have trouble understanding others’ feelings, have difficulty expressing compassion, and believe that aggression is the best solution to conflicts. This information makes it clear that bullying is a serious problem for our schools and for our communities. Bullies Can Be Girls or Boys! Both boys and girls tend to bully in ways that harm what each value most. For boys who value physical dominance, bullying is more likely to take physical forms (see chart). Girls generally value relationships, so their bullying behaviours are more likely to involve acts of social alienation (see chart). What About Those Who Watch Bullying? Most children who watch while bullying is happening report that watching bullying makes them feel uncomfortable. And bullying is most likely to happen in view of others, because children who bully often feel they lack status with their peer group and do this to gain power. When a child sees the child who bullies being rewarded, their own hesitations to do this behaviour are reduced. When more than one child is seen to be involved, which onlookers appear to be, this results in more positive attention paid to the child who bullies than to the child who is bullied. These factors combine to lessen the feelings of guilt in the child who initiates bullying. Yet when onlookers intervene they are effective in stopping bullying. If we provide the skills and confidence in the silent majority, then bullying can be reduced. If active intervention by all members of the school community is encouraged students are more likely to challenge bullying behaviours. Behavior Category Forms of Bullying Behavior Of Concern Of Serious Concern Physical Aggression Pushing Shoving Spitting at someone Kicking Hitting Threatening with a weapon Defacing property Stealing Verbal Aggression Mocking Name calling Giving dirty looks Teasing Intimidating phone calls Racist, sexist or homophobic taunting Daring someone to do some- thing dangerous Verbal threats against property Verbal threats of violence or inflicting bodily harm Coercion Extortion Social Aggression Gossiping Embarrassing Setting up a student to look foolish Spreading rumors Excluding from a group Inciting hatred Racist, sexist or homophobic alienation Setting up someone to take the blame Public humiliation Malicious rumor spreading

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Bullying, How to Recognize It!A compilation of three pamphlets, originally in English and French or Inuktitut or Inuinnaktun dialects of Nunavut for the Nunavut Department of Education created in 2002.

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Bullying, How to Recognize It! A pamphlet in four languages

Bullying How to Recognize It!

THE NUNAVUT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION GRATEFULLY ACKNOWLEDGES THE BRITISH COLUMBIA MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND ITS PUBLICATION,

“FOCUS ON BULLYING A PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL COMMUNITIES” MUCH OF THE CONTENT OF THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN ADAPTED AND USED AS AN INFORMATION

SOURCE FOR OUR PAMPHLET

Curriculum & School Services Department of Education Government of Nunavut

PO Box 390, Arviat, NU X0C 0E0 Fax: (867) 857-3090

Definition “Bullying … is a pattern of repeated aggressive behaviour, with negative intent, directed from one child to another where there is a power imbalance.” Dr. Dan Olweus. Bullying is an aggressive behaviour that includes physical or verbal intentional and purposeful acts that are meant to cause injury or discomfort on another person.

Three Critical Conditions

3 critical conditions that distinguish bullying from other forms of aggressive behaviour: 1. Power – children who bully gain power though physical size,

status in a peer group and by recruiting support by a peer group. 2. Frequency – bullying is not a random act. It is frequent and

repeated. The child being bullied anticipates it – causing fear that can have long-term effects.

3. Intent to harm – children who bully – do so with a purpose or intent to physically or emotionally harm the other child.

Two Kinds of Bullying

Bullying can start off looking like playful teasing, joking, roughhousing but it escalates. There are two kinds of bullying: 1. Direct – great deal of physical and/or emotional open aggression 2. Indirect – usually hidden – takes form of teasing, gossiping,

spreading rumors, and social isolation

When Is It Bullying? When determining whether a specific act is bullying, consider whether or not it: ♦ Is repeated over time ♦ Involves a power imbalance ♦ Is intended to hurt

What Happens to Those Who Are Bullied? Those who are bullied can withdraw from conflict. This causes social isolation which can make them more vulnerable. Some can become confused by social cues and become aggressive themselves.

When Does Bullying Start? Bullying behaviour can begin as early as age 2 or 3. Research has shown that it can increase during their lifetime, starting with children who possess limited skills in managing relationship conflict, and this can lead to anger and aggression. Children who engage in bullying often process social information inaccurately. They perceive hostility where it does not exist and have strong needs to dominate. They have trouble understanding others’ feelings, have difficulty expressing compassion, and believe that aggression is the best solution to conflicts. This information makes it clear that bullying is a serious problem for our schools and for our communities.

Bullies Can Be Girls or Boys! Both boys and girls tend to bully in ways that harm what each value most. For boys who value physical dominance, bullying is more likely to take physical forms (see chart). Girls generally value relationships, so their bullying behaviours are more likely to involve acts of social alienation (see chart).

What About Those Who Watch Bullying?

Most children who watch while bullying is happening report that watching bullying makes them feel uncomfortable. And bullying is most likely to happen in view of others, because children who bully often feel they lack status with their peer group and do this to gain power. When a child sees the child who bullies being rewarded, their own hesitations to do this behaviour are reduced. When more than one child is seen to be involved, which onlookers appear to be, this results in more positive attention paid to the child who bullies than to the child who is bullied. These factors combine to lessen the feelings of guilt in the child who initiates bullying. Yet when onlookers intervene they are effective in stopping bullying. If we provide the skills and confidence in the silent majority, then bullying can be reduced. If active intervention by all members of the school community is encouraged students are more likely to challenge bullying behaviours.

Behavior Category

Forms of Bullying Behavior Of Concern Of Serious Concern

Physical Aggression

♦ Pushing ♦ Shoving ♦ Spitting at someone ♦ Kicking ♦ Hitting

♦ Threatening with a weapon ♦ Defacing property ♦ Stealing

Verbal Aggression

♦ Mocking ♦ Name calling ♦ Giving dirty looks ♦ Teasing

♦ Intimidating phone calls ♦ Racist, sexist or homophobic

taunting ♦ Daring someone to do some-

thing dangerous ♦ Verbal threats against property ♦ Verbal threats of violence or

inflicting bodily harm ♦ Coercion ♦ Extortion

Social Aggression

♦ Gossiping ♦ Embarrassing ♦ Setting up a student

to look foolish ♦ Spreading rumors ♦ Excluding from a

group

♦ Inciting hatred ♦ Racist, sexist or homophobic

alienation ♦ Setting up someone to take

the blame ♦ Public humiliation ♦ Malicious rumor spreading

Page 2: Bullying, How to Recognize It! A pamphlet in four languages

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Page 3: Bullying, How to Recognize It! A pamphlet in four languages

Dépistage de l’intimidation en milieu

RENDU POSSIBLE GRÂCE AU PROGRAMME DE PRÉVENTION DE L’INTIMIDATION AU CYCLE PRIMAIRE.

“FOCUS ON BULLYING A PREVENTION PROGRAM FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL COMMUNITIES” PAR LE : GOUVERNEMENT DE LA COLOMBIE-BRITANNIQUE

Curriculum & School Services Department of Education Government of Nunavut

PO Box 390, Arviat, NU X0C 0E0 Fax: (867) 857-3090

Définition « L’intimidation se manifeste par les comportements agressifs répétés et délibérés d’un enfant à l’endroit d’un autre, dans la malveillance et l’objet d’établir un rapport de domination. » Dr Dan Olweus. L’intimidation est une affirmation de pouvoir par l’agressivité physique ou verbale délibérée et intentionnelle dans l’objet de blesser l’autre physiquement ou émotivement.

Trois particularités

L’intimidation se distingue d’autres formes de comportements agressifs en ce qu’elle comporte trois particularités. 1. Le pouvoir – le petit dur acquiert du pouvoir sur sa victime en raison par sa

stature, son statut au sein du groupe de pairs et l’appui d’autres enfants. 2. La fréquence du comportement – la victimisation n’est pas un acte commis

au hasard. Il s’agit d’un comportement fréquent et répété. La victime d’intimidation vit dans l’anxiété, et le climat de crainte ainsi créé pourra l’affecter sa vie durant.

3. L’intention de blesser – le petit dur intimide dans l’objet ou l’intention de faire mal, de blesser sa victime sur le plan physique ou sur le plan émotif.

Deux formes de victimisation

Au départ, l’intimidation peut prendre la forme de taquineries, de moqueries, ou de bagarres d’apparence inoffensive, sauf que la situation dégénère en violence. Il y a deux formes d’intimidation : 1. Directe – manifestée ouvertement par de nombreuses agressions physiques

et/ou émotives 2. Indirecte – habituellement masquée par la taquinerie, le commérage et

l’exclusion.

S’agit-il effectivement d’intimidation ? Lorsque vous vous demandez si un incident particulier est en fait une scène d’intimidation ou de victimisation, tentez d’établir si : ♦ Ce comportement se manifeste fréquemment. ♦ Ce comportement crée une situation de domination. ♦ Ce comportement a pour objet de blesser.

Que ressent la victime ? Les enfants victimes d’intimidation ont tendance à être renfermés et à éviter les situations conflictuelles. La victime se retrouve donc dans un contexte d’isolation sociale et du fait, encore plus vulnérable. Certaines victimes pourront alors mal interpréter le langage social et recourir à leur tour à des comportements agressifs.

À quel âge dénote-t-on le recours à l’intimidation ? L’intimidation peut commencer à se manifester dès l’âge de deux ou trois ans. Les recherches démontrent que le comportement du petit dur s’accentue avec l’âge et tend à empirer au cours de toute son existence. Les petits durs sont des enfants qui éprouvent des difficultés à gérer les conflits avec leurs pairs, et en ressentent des sentiments de colère et de violence. Les enfants qui recourent à l’intimidation interprètent souvent mal les messages sociaux. Ces enfants perçoivent à tort de l’hostilité de la part des autres et ressentent un fort besoin de dominer. Ils ne comprennent pas les sentiments des autres, font rarement preuve d’empathie et croient que la violence est la meilleure solution aux conflits. Ces observations permettent d’affirmer que l’intimidation est un sérieux problème dans nos écoles et au sein de nos collectivités.

Les petits durs : tant des garçons que des filles ! L’intimidation se manifeste différemment chez les garçons que chez les filles puisque chaque sexe tente de détruire ce à quoi il accorde la plus grande importance. Les garçons, chez lesquels la dominance physique est valorisée, font davantage état de formes physiques d’intimidation (voir le tableau qui suit). Les filles valorisent plus souvent les rapports interpersonnels et ont donc tendance à intimider par des comportements visant l’exclusion sociale de leurs victimes (voir le tableau qui suit).

Que dire des témoins des scènes d’intimidation ? La plupart des enfants déclarent que le fait d’être témoins de scènes d’intimidation les rend mal à l’aise. Ces affirmations d’agressivité se produisent généralement devant d’autres car le petit dur se sent sous-estimé par son groupe de pairs et cherche, par son comportement, à acquérir un plus grand pouvoir.

Lorsque l’enfant constate que le petit dur gagne par l’intimidation, les réserves qu’il pourrait avoir à l’égard de tels comportements, s’estompent. Habituellement, les scènes d’intimidation se produisent dans le cadre d’un groupe de pairs et rarement devant un seul observateur. Or, les pairs ont tendance à accorder une attention positive au petit dur plutôt qu’à la victime. Ces facteurs contribuent à atténuer le sentiment de culpabilité que pourrait éprouver l’instigateur de la scène d’intimidation.

Pourtant, lorsque les observateurs interviennent, ils réussissent bien souvent à mettre fin aux actes d’intimidation. Si nous dotions la majorité silencieuse des aptitudes et de la confiance nécessaires, ce phénomène de victimisation pourrait être endigué. Si le milieu scolaire est s’impliquait activement sur le plan de l’intervention, les élèves seraient vraisemblablement plus susceptibles de s’opposer et de réagir à l’intimidation et aux comportements agressifs.

Classification du comportement

Formes de comportements agressifs alarmants extrêmement alarmants

Formes physiques

d’aggression

♦ Pousser ♦ Bousculer ♦ Cracher sur un autre ♦ Frapper à coup de

pied ♦ Frapper/tapocher

♦ Menaces avec une arme ♦ Vandalisme ♦ Vol

Formes verbales

♦ Se moquer ♦ Dénigrer verbalement ♦ Jeter de sals regards ♦ Pousser la taquinerie

♦ Harcèlement téléphonique ♦ Tenir des propos diffamatoires

fondés sur la race, le sexe ou l’ori-entation sexuelle

♦ Mettre quelqu’un au défi de com-mettre un acte dangereux

♦ Proférer des menaces de dom-mage à la propriété

♦ Proférer des menaces de violence ou de voies de fait

♦ User de coercion ♦ Extorquer

Formes sociales

d’aggression

♦ Commérer ♦ Mettre mal à l’aise ♦ S’arranger pour qu’un

autre ait l’air ridicule ♦ Faire circuler des ru-

meurs ♦ Exclure d’un groupe

♦ Inciter à la haine ♦ Exclusion fondée sur la race, le

sexe ou l’orientation sexuelle ♦ S’arranger pour que le blâme re-

tombe sur un autre ♦ Humilier publiquement ♦ Faire circuler des rumeurs malveil-

lantes

Page 4: Bullying, How to Recognize It! A pamphlet in four languages

Numektigutit Naunaitkutinik “Alianaiguhuktut …atlamut nutaqqamut anighiyumayuq, uqamiluktukluniit, ihumallaghaiyuq, qanurunagtunut.” Dr. Dan Olweus.

Alianaiguhukpaktut imma ning’gaktuq, unurtuq, uqamiluktuq anirtiginahuaktuq atlamut, ihumalaghaiyuklunit.

Pingahut Atukpaktait Kanugitut

Pingahut hapkuat naunaitut alianaiguhuktut atukpagait: 1. Kamaguhuikyumikpaktut- Nutaqat alianaiguhuktut

kamaguhuigyumikpaktut angginirmikut, ilanagingnilu ilitagiyauplutik, ikayuktauplutik ilanamingnit.

2. Pikatayuktut- Alianaiguhuktut pikatayuktut atauhinaugitumik. Alianaigiyauyuk nutarak piyauniagnahugipluni hirinnalikpaktuq. Kanuurunalakivaktuk aniyumahuighunilu.

3. Annirhiniarhimayuk- nutaqaat alianaiguhuktut- anirhiniarhimayut, Ukafiliyut ihumalihariyutluniit atlamut nutaqamut.

Malguuk Alianaiyutit Alianaiguhuktut ima ulapqiyuyakagalutik nangutiyututlu, ilatauk agguyumilikpaktut. Malguuk Alianaiguhuktut: 1. Piniaktaktuq- aghukhuni piniaktaktuk hakaktigiyuk/ imalunit

ihumalagahiyuk. 2. Piyuyangituyaktuk- takuyautailiyuk- nangutiyuk,Indirect – usually

hidden – takes form of nanguyok, Ukafiliyut, hiamayahugit ukaklugiyutit, takungituyaktut nutaqamik.

Kanga Alianaiyutauva? Piniaktaktauguvit alianaigiyauvuvit imaitpaluniit ♦ alianaigiyaukataktuk ♦ hakuitkiyak/kanurunaktuk ♦ anirinahuak.

Kanugilivakpata Alianaigiyauyut?

Alianaigiyauyuk akiniagaghaituk. Akiniagumangitkumi piyaukatagniaktuk. Ilait malikalikpalianiatut, alianaiguhuyughilutik.

Kanga Alianaiguhuktuk Audlakpakpata? Alianaiguhuktpallialikpaktut ilait malrungnik, pingahunikluniit ukiukakhutik. Naunaiktauyut Pikatakpalialyughivaktut angililikpaliayutimiknut, autlapaktut nutarak ayuighimaikumi kanuk malikatiyaghaituk. Nutaqat ukautjauyuitut ningaktaktut, piniaktaunahugiyut. Hakugighayuktut, ighinaghayuktut. Inup kanuk ihumaa ihumagingitaat, imalu nakliktaitut, irhinarahik avalituk atugumayat. Hamna naunaiktuk alianaiguhungnik ayukhautigiyauyuk iliniarvingni, nunaptingnilu tamaitni. .

Alianaiguhuktut Inuhuktutlunit Angnarutitlunit! Inuhuktut angnagutit alianaiguhuyuktut inmik kuviagiyamikut. Inuhuktut hakugighayuktut, ighinaghakhutikluniit. Alianaiguhuktut anirbaktukut pivaktut, (takulugu naunaitkutak) Angnagutit alianaiguhutat atlautkiyauyuk, ilauttailiplutik atlanik takuyuyakguikhutikluniit. (takulugu naunaitkutak)

Tapkuatauk Kungiakat Alianaiguhuktut

Amigaitut nutakat kungiagangamik alianaiguhutiyunik titigakpaktut kungiagangamik alianaiguhutiyunik aliahuhuikpaktut. Uvalu alianaiguhukpaktuinak kungiagangata adlat, ukuat alianaiguhukpaktut ilaupkataungitut iligangata ilakatauliktutut ilivakmatalu hakugikhiyutut ilivakmatalu. Kinalika nutarak takugumi alianaiguhuktuk nutarak nipligviukpat inmik avalitutut ilivaktut. Amihukpata nutakat pityutiyut kungiaktutlu, takuyauvaktuk alianaiguhuktuluak alianaigiyauyuk puiguktauvaktuk. hapkuat naunaitut tamna alianaiguhuktuk kanuk ihumalungituk. Atlat inuit nutkaktitkumiku alinaiguhuktuk taimaktilugi nakuyuk. Hapkuat alinaigiyauyut ayuipaliagumik niplitailinikmik, kiutailinikmik alianaiguhungnik taimaktavalianiagaluaktuk. Tamakmik ilihaiyit havaktitlu atauhiktut hapfuminga taimaktitvihanut havaligumik alianaiguhuktut taimakpalianiaktut.

Atukpaktaitikut Alianaiyutikut Atukpaktaitikut Ihumaluyutigikpiaktaitikut

Aghogotikut Adlanot

♦ Pinguyaknikut ♦ Nangayukut ♦ Tivuaktut kitkunut ♦ Etikmiktuk ♦ Tigluktuktut

♦ Hikukiutikakhunilunit humiklunit ighipkaiyun

♦ Ahiguktigiyut tamayanik ♦ Kukiktut

IIgialaknikut

♦ Pitiahimaitumik ukautikaktuk

♦ Atigingitamik atiagiayuk ♦ Tautukluhuni tautukta ♦ Naguyuk

♦ Eghipkaiyut Talafukatakhutik ♦ Kablunanguyutikut ukakhutigit,

angutikutlunit angnakutlunit ukaklutigiyaitlunit adjikingnik angnalikiyuktunutlunit angutainaitikutlunit nuliagutikut ukaklutigiyaitlunit

♦ Kimut Hivuganaktunik atukublugu ♦ Ukakhutik ahiguktikniaktunguk

tamayanik ♦ Aghut ukakhutik ningakniaktutlunit

aniiktikainiaktutlunit ♦ Aghuhutik havakuyut

havakumangitunut ♦ Aghuhutik Kukiktut Maniknik

Inuknut Tamainut

Aghugutikut

♦ Ukafiliyut ♦ Tautuktutiyut ♦ Sikuktut

tautuknaktitailipkaktait alianaiyakhugit

♦ Hiamayahugit ukaklugiyutit ♦ Inukmipkaingitugit

katimakatauyuni

♦ Nakugingiyuakuiyut ♦ Kablunanguyutikut ukakhutigit,

angutikutlunit angnakutlunit ukaklutigiyaitlonit adjikingnik angnalikiyuktunutlunit angutainaitikutlunit nuliagutikut ukaklutigiyaitlunit

♦ Kimikluak havaluaktunguk inmiungitunguk

♦ Inuit Tamaita tautukhutigit alianaiyutigiyut

♦ Nakuginginamik hiamayahugit ukaklugiyutit

Alianaiguhuktut Kanoktut Ilitagiyutiha!

KUANA HAPKUNUNGA TITIKANUT “KUANA HAPKUNUNGA TITIKANUT ALIANAGUHUKTUT

PITAILIYUTIHAT HAVAAT AYUIIKNAITUNI SIKUKVIKAKTUNI NUNANI” MINISTAK NUNANI TAUNANI BRITISH COLUMBIA -MI

Curriculum & School Services Department of Education Government of Nunavut

PO Box 390, Arviat, NU X0C 0E0 Fax: (867) 857-3090