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Bullet Points p. 303 Read pgs. 280 - 287

Ch 8 Sec 1

• I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW PRESIDENT WASHINGTON SET THE COURSE FOR THE NEW NATION

A New Nation

• Washington becomes President April 30, 1789• Government consisted of Congress, President,

VP, 75 post offices, a few clerks and 672 soldiers

• Congress passes laws for1. Department of Treasury2. Department of State3. Department of war

The Cabinet

• Thomas Jefferson – Sec of State• Alexander Hamilton – Sec of

Treasury• Henry Knox – Sec of War• Edmund Randolph – Attorney

General

The Courts

• Washington appoints Supreme Court

• John Jay – First Chief Justice

Economic Crisis

• U.S. owed $52 million• Money owed to bond holders• Many bond holders had sold to

speculators

How Do We Pay

• Hamilton had a plan1. U.S. would pay all debts2. Create a National Bank3. High tariffs

Opposition

• Some states had already paid their debts

• National bank might be unconstitutional

• Southerners opposed as it would hurt them – congress did not pass high tariff

TAXES

• Country needs money• Congress passes Whiskey tax• Farmers objected – refused to pay

tax• Mobs march on Philadelphia• Washington calls out militia to stop

violence

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Bullet Points p. 303 Read pgs. 290 - 293

Ch 8 Sec 2

• I can understand how two political parties emerged

Political Parties Emerge

• No one wanted political parties• Thought they would destroy new

country• Washington warned against

political parties

Political Parties Emerge

• Two parties formed with 2 leaders.

THOMAS JEFFERSONREPUBLICANS

ALEXANDER HAMILTONFEDERALISTS

p. 291

Republicans

• Drew strength from southern planters, northern farmers, artisans

• Madison and Jefferson leaders• Jefferson resigned Secretary of

State

Federalists

• Drew strength from merchants, ordinary workers, northern property owners

• Hamilton a key leader• Washington supports Hamilton

Federalists

• Order• Government• Present administration (Support

Washington)

Republican attacks onFederalists

• Accused Federalists of being against Constitution

• Accused Federalists of wanting to bring back a king

Taking sides

FEDERALISTS1. National bank2. High tariffs3. Ties with England

REPUBLICANS1. Against National Bank2. Against high tariffs3. Ties with France

Election of 1796

JOHN ADAMS - FEDERALIST THOMAS JEFFERSON - REPUBLICAN

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Bullet Points p. 303 Read pgs. 294 - 297

Ch 8 Sec 3

• I can understand how the actions of Britain and France affected the U.S.

CONFLICTSNORTHWEST TERRITORY

• Treaty of Paris said1. U.S. owns from Atlantic to

Mississippi2. British still had forts and would

not leave3. British gave guns to Indians

War in the West • Whites moved into

the Northwest Territory in the 1790’s

• Ignored treaties the U.S. had signed with Indian Nations

• They took over Indian lands

Battle at Fallen Timbers• Indians attacked

settlers• White settlers took

revenge • President

Washington sent an army

• After setbacks, U.S. defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers

Treaty of Greenville • 1795, Indians

gave up land that would later become Ohio

• Indian nations got $20,000 and the promise of more money if they kept the peace

The French Revolution

The French Monarchy

• King Louis XVI

• Absolute Monarch

• Abused Power

ABUSES

•Common people paid heavy taxes

•Nobles paid none•Common people had few rights

The Bastille is Destroyed!• July 14, 1789

• French Independence Day

• Peasants’ Revolt

A Turn for the Worst • 1793 • The “Reign

of Terror” begins

• King Louis XVI is beheaded

• Thousands of French Citizens are Executed

GuillotIne

American Opinion• Violence Splits

America’s Opinion

• Support the spread of Liberty

• Disapprove of the Violence

• Washington & Hamilton against

• Jefferson remains supportive

• “Half of the earth devastated in order to win liberty of the whole.”

To Make Matters Worse

ENGLAND AND FRANCE GO TO

WAR

AND THEN

1.Britain captures American ships

2.Forces sailors to fight for British (Impressment)

American Response• American

Neutrality• President

Washington“It is the sincere

wish of the United States of America to have nothing to do with the squabbles of European Nations.”

America’s Decision• Neutrality Proclamation

1793• Ally with None• Trade with all• Minus Britain and France• Beginning of American

Neutrality

A policy of neutrality • Britain, Austria,

Prussia, the Netherlands, and Spain got involved in the War

• U.S. and France sign treaty allowing French to use U.S, ports

• Washington issues Neutrality Proclamation in April, 1793

Jay’s Treaty • Enforcing

neutrality not easy • Warring nations

ignored the rights of neutral ships

• 1793 British captured more then 250 American ships in the French West Indies

Jay’s Treaty • British

–Pay damages for American ships seized in 1793

–Give up forts in the Ohio Valley

• United States–Pay debts to British merchants , owed from before the Revolution

Washington Departs• 8 years – Washington

retires• Attacked in the press• Warned nation - don’t get

involved in Europe• Don’t form political parties

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Bullet Points p. 303 Read pgs. 298 - 301

Ch 8 Sec 4• I can understand how problems with France intensified the split between Federalists and Republicans

Problems with France

• French angry about Jays treaty

• French ships start attacking American ships

A New President•John Adams elected President

•France angry that U.S. did not support them

XYZ Affair• Adams sends diplomats to

France to solve problem• French diplomats want a ¼

million dollar bribe to even talk about it

• Adams refuses and people find out about it

• Americans say NO MONEY

Anger• Federalists want war with

France• Adams sends diplomats to

France• Agreement to stop attacking

American ships• Avoided war but Federalists

angry

Alien & Sedition Acts• Federalist concerned about

immigrants• Feared may back Republicans• New law increased residence time

from 5 to 14 years to become citizen

• New law prohibited speech against President or Congress

Alien & Sedition Acts•Law focusing on Republicans

•Adams signs•Few convicted•Law expired in 1801

States Rights• Some states opposed laws• Passed state laws NULLIFYING

federal laws• Supreme Court makes no

decision• Right of states to oppose

Federal laws unclear