Aedited by DIANA PABST

Building for the FutureFrom a sidewalk vantage, thesheeting, shoring, and excavationphase ofAAAS's new Center forScience and Engineering re-sembles that of any typical officebuilding construction site. Butunderground, the story is moreinteresting.

Only 14 feet below the foun-dation of the planned 12-storybuilding, subway trains followtheir scheduled runs through twotunnels. "This is one of the fewbuildings in Washington to bebuilt on top of and this close to aMetro tunnel," says AAAS con-struction manager George Wilson.

Because of the proximity, thedesign engineers worked a full yearwith the Washington Metropoli-tan Area Transit Authority tofine-tune a plan to prevent tun-nel movement and ground shift-ing during excavation. As the ex-

cavation progresses, the weighton the subway tunnels is lessenedby about 120 pounds per cubic footof soil; under the reduced burden,the tunnels tend to move upward.

To prevent such movement,13 "tie-downs" were installed, us-ing a principle similar to a bolt,washer, and nut. Sixty-foot rein-forcing rods with threaded endsat the top-called dywidags-were placed in pre-drilled holesand anchored firmly; a concreteblock (the "washer") was formedat the surface level of eachdywidag, and a hydraulic wrenchwas applied to large nuts to stressthe rods and press the blocks downagainst the soil and tunnels.

Then, a 5-foot-thick reinforc-ing concrete and steel mat founda-tion, which spreads the buildingload over the entire site, was laidin five carefully coordinated stages.

Concrete results. Reinforcing steel and concrete mat foundation spreadsthe building load and prevents the soil from shifting.

Every night the tunnels weresurveyed from within with lasersto measure any movement and en-sure that they remained withintolerances.

As the building is erected andthe weight of the concrete struc-ture replaces the weight of theremoved soil, the upward pres-sure will be gradually eased byloosening the nuts, until the con-

struction is complete and the situ-ation is stabilized.

The building, scheduled forcompletion early next year, willserve as AAAS headquarters andalso have facilities for a wide rangeof activities for scientists, educa-tors, and members of the public.Other nonprofit and science-re-lated organizations have agreedto lease three floors.

Photographer Neelon Crawford has spentmost of the last 5 years documenting thestark beauty of Antarctica. But the veryidea of that remote and mystical place wasplanted decades ago. "I can distinctly re-member walking home from school inNew York City at the age of9 and buyinga copy of Popular Science that had anarticle on Antarctica," he recalls. "I de-voured it."

The fascination remained through a25-year career in photography. Finally in1989, he traveled to Antarctica. He laterreturned four more times, distilling scenesof the land and ice, the dark and light,the machines and the people who laborin the cold isolation. Many were takenin 1993 during a 10-month winter-over,when he was based at McMurdo Station.An exhibit of the work is on display atAAAS headquarters through 7 April. E

SupportforCrawford's journeys came cfrom the National Science Foundation'sAntarctic Artists and Writers Program. Itaims to expand understanding of the con-tinent through the aesthetic explorationsof artists, writers, photographers, poets, andother scholars in the humanities.

Crawford, a resident ofBaltimore, Mary-land, does months of painstaking prepara-

the End of the Earth: Journeys to thetion for a trip, anticipating field conditions,natural light, and the kinds of equipment hewill need for the particular work he has inmind. For some of the Antarctic photos hedesigned and built a special 600 millimeter, 4

Bow of the Nathaniel B. Palmer Against Large BergSouth of South Orkney Islands, 1992.

by 5 inch film box camera with its focus fixedat infinity, to get detailed images of subjectsin the far distance. He usually spends a weekto 10 days at a location, using different filmemulsions "as a palette."

"I want to make as concise a statement asI can, and know that on top of that there will

be a great deal of spontaneity," he says."The challenge is to make a picture thatcaptures what's there."

He works in both black and white andcolor. But "my heart is in black and white,"

he says. "It's a more faithful medium, withno illusion of correctness. Color emul-sions are never as good as your eye butsuggest the false illusion of being right."

Crawford has worked in many wildand remote places. His favorite imagesare published in three photogravure port-folios: Icons of Spirit, Vintage Machines,and Southern Lights: Antarctica. Subjectsinclude ancient Buddhas in Burma, pro-duction of steam locomotives in China,and blind men in the streets of India."The common thread for me in all thiswork," he says, "is that it has to do withsavoring things, photographing themwith an eye to understanding them. It's aprocess ofexploration, and my motivationis a search for things that interest me."Formore information, call Virginia Stern

at AAAS's Art of Science and TechnologyProgram, 202-326-6672. For details aboutthe Antarctic Artists and Writers Program,write to: Polar Information Program, Na-tional Science Foundation, 4210 WilsonBlvd., Arlington, VA 22230.

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Awards Salute Contributions to Science

Getting into it. Laborer enters "tie-down" casing to prepare for drilling.

Designed by Henry N. CobbofPei Cobb Freed& Partners, thecenter will be one of the mostenergy-efficient and "environ-mentally friendly" buildings in thecountry [see "Inside AAAS," 26November 1993]. RandolphCroxton of Croxton Collabora-tive, a New York City firm spe-cializing in "green" architecture,is a consultant for the project.

One engineering feature thatwill save time and tempers is a"rapid-deployment" elevator sys-tem. "It addresses one of the mostcommon complaints we heardfrom AAAS staff," says Wilson.

Users punch in the floor theywant on electronic key pads inthe lobby of each floor. The com-puter-controlled design assignsriders to specific cars based ontheir destination, so each car canbypass some floors.A "voice" pro-gram guides people with disabili-ties and holds the elevator doorsopen for longer periods at thepush of a button.

The system, manufactured bySchindler Elevator Corp., is quitenew, but is already operating suc-cessfully in two other office build-ings in the United States.

The site of the building is ablock away from the association'spresent offices, allowing AAASstaff and visitors to follow theprogress of construction. One ofthe questions Wilson got is remi-niscent of the popular children'sstorybook about Mike Mulliganand his faithful steam shovel,Maryann. "How," several observ-ers asked, "do they get the diggingequipment out of the hole?"

At the annual meeting in Atlanta,AAAS honored a number of scien-tists, public servants, and journal-ists for their significant contnbu-:ons to the advancement of sci-ence and public understanding ofscience.

AAAS Philip HaugeAbelson Prize

Thepnzewasgivento FrankPressfor his pioneering contributions tothe development of modern geo-physics and methods of natural di-saster mitigation, and for his out-standing personal leadership innational science planning and ad-ministration.

AAAS NewcombCleveland Prize

The recipients were Michael F.Crommie,ChrlP. Lutz,andDo-aid M. Elgier fbr Confinement ofElectronson Quantum Corralson aMetal Surface" in the Reports sec-don of Scienceon 8 October 1993.

Also Jerome Faist, FCapasso, Deborah L. Sivco,Carlo Sirtori, Albert L Hutchison, and Alfred Y. Chofor Quan-tumCascade Laser" in the Reportssection of Scienceon 22 April 1994.

AAAS Award for InternationalScientific Cooperation

Harold K. Jacoon was recog-nized for his tireess and continu-mgachievement in promoting multi-national, interdisciplinary studiesthat have contributed to interna-tonal cooperation in the scientificstudy of the human dimensions ofglobal environmental change.

AAAS Award for PublicUnderstanding of Science

and TechnologyThe recipient was Edward 0. Wil-son for increasing the public's un-derstanding of science by blendingunique and comprehensive com-

Braving the'New World'

"ANew Era in Science and Tech-nology" is the theme of this year'sAAAS Colloquium on Scienceand Technology Policy, from 12to 14 April at the Capitol HiltonHotel in Washington, D.C.Now in its 20th year, the fo-

rum draws scientists, administra-tors, industrial R&D managers,

municatio skills withextraordin-ary scientific achive s in hiswritings and lectures.

AAAS Hillard PRoick InScimm@, ArICoto, an1dA:-h L-

Theodore Postolt recid theprize for his excell0eneiFn the fieldof science, arms control, and inter-national security and for providingcritically important technical analy-ses related to controversial issuesthat have influenced public dis-course about appropriate publicpolicy in these areas.

AAAS Mentor Award forLifetime Achievemn

Mary W. Gray was honored fordevoting her career to increas-ing:the number f:women andffminorities in mathematics, in -dition to contributing her talentsand energies to advocating therights of women and minorities inacademia.JoeL Martnez Jr. received the

awardforguidingthousands ofstu-S"dets, includig0:,hundreds ofwomenand ethnic minorities, toeducational pursuits and careersin science as a teacher, adviser,role model, friend, and confidant.

AAAS Mentor AwardJosph S. Francisco was hon-oredforhisexemplaycommitmentto students, unique approach tofteaching, and desire to make adifference in the recruiting of mi-norities for careers in science.

AAAS Scitfc Freedom andResponsiblity Award

The recipient was VIISutianovichMirzayanov for his integrity as ascientist, strengothofcharacter, andexceptional personal courage thatserved to promote the health,safety, and welfare of the Russianpeople and all humankind.

policy-makers, academicians, andothers to discuss key issues in sci-ence and technology policy. Itwill provide an overview of fed-eral budget proposals for R&D inFY1996. Other sessions will focuson economic performance, hu-man resources and career oppor-tunities, the future ofthe nationallabs, reinventing the federal sci-ence agencies, the new congres-

AAAS-Westlnghouse ScienceJff:0"t00.00ournalsmAwrds

U:0000 Newpaerwlhcrulatotessthnl1O00,OOO:ThewimerwasKar LeLifBes for thee separatearticles, Chlorine: Corn pia orPados Box?" ers.New

AppicatonsolttoBiihture,"And"Perfect atch,"published in

The AnnArborNewson 7 October1993, 9 December 1993, and 26May 1994.David Brooks got an honorable

mention for three articles, "TheWater Under the Bridge," "ThePr Isinthe Four-Chromatic, Digi-tal Pudding," and Cold Fusion Re-turns, In a New Hampshire Maga-zine,* published in The NashuaTelah on 8 August 1993, 20February 1994 and 1May 1994.*$ ;General circulation maga-zine:eRobert Kulg0won for hisMartice "Between Home and theAbys in the December1993 Dis-cov.TerenceMonmaneywonfor his

article MarshasHunchfpublishedIn The New orkeon 20 Septem-ber 1993.* Television: Recipient JonPalfeman won for Prisoners ofSlence,"broadcaston PBS's Front-line on 19 October 1993.Other winners were Kathy

ISoon and LeeAnn Staufferfor "Edge of a Miracle," aired onCNSON on 14 April 1994.

CaraBirrittler received an hon-orblementionfor"Farm-a cology,"broadcast on New England CableNews on 30 August 1993.* Radio: David Baron was thewinerfor "Pigs in Paradise," airedon, Nainal Public Radio's Sound-rn on 17 July 1993.An honorable mentionwas given

to Richard Harris for "Alien Spe-cies Threaten Native Wildlife,"broadcast on National PublicRadios's All Things Considered on9 August 1993.

sional leadership and R&D, andmegascience and internationalcollaboration.

The fee is $240, or $180 forregistrants from nonprofits and$60 for students (with discountsfor AAAS members). To regis-ter, call 202-326-7075. For moreinformation, phone 202-326-6600 or send an e-mail messageto: snelson~aaas.org.

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INSIDE AAASDIANA PABST

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