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A

Seminar Report

On

Base Transceiver Station

By

PravinGareta(08BEC156)

JaydeepMalhotra(08BEC158)

Nejav Mehta (08BEC160)

Under the guidance of

Prof.S.V.Pandey

Electronics & Communication Engineering Department

Institute of Technology

Nirma University of Science & Technology

Ahmedabad 382 481

October 2009

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In order to achieve better performance, we should have to learn our outside

environment. We should also note our mistakes which we have done in our routine

life as well as in our study. In college we learn theoretical knowledge it is not

enough without practical implementation. As like engineer not only having

knowledge but he also have good personality to making good impact on others. He

will having good vocabulary and also have good speaking skill to represent

himself. In our 5th

semester we having a Seminar course in which we have to chose

one topic and represent it. It will help us to make good presentation with team

effort so we should learn how to work with a team to complete one task with goodfinishing. Also it will be helpful to us for our overall personal development.

Someone said true that:

Dont change with the change

But change before the change

Now a days Industry not want a engineer with only having technical knowledge

but all-rounder engineer which will having good speaking skills, good personality,

good knowledge of his or her field etc. So, this type of course helps us to reach that

point. We not say we will reach that point but it will giving us a direction to reach

it.

We are warmly thanks to Prof.ShaileshPandey Sir who will help us to decide thistopic and guide us to make it properly.

We are heartily thanks to Prof.DhavalPujara sir to encourage us to do better

work.

We also thankful to our colleges who will help to make this seminar better and

motivate us to do our best.

At last we thankful to Institute of technology, Nirma University for giving chance

to present our self by offering this type of course.

PravinGareta

JaydeepMalhotra

Nejav Mehta

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Abstract

In the early 1970s, digital transmission systems began to appear, utilizing a method

known as Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), first proposed by STC in 1937. PCM

allowed analog waveforms, such as the human voice, to be represented in binary

form, and using this method it was possible to represent a standard 4 kHz analog

telephone signal as a 64 kbps digital bit stream. Engineers saw the potential to

produce morecost effective transmission systems by combining several PCM

channels and transmitting them down the same copper twisted pair as had

previously been occupied by a single analog signal.

In Europe, and subsequently in many other parts of the world, a standard TDM

scheme was adopted whereby thirty 64 kbps channels were combined, together

with two additional channels carrying control information, to produce a channelwith a bit rate of 2.048 Mbps.As demand for voice telephony increased, and levels

of traffic in the network grew even higher, it became clear that the standard 2

Mbps signal was not sufficient to cope up with the traffic loads occurring in the

trunk Network. In order to avoid having to use excessively large numbers of 2

Mbps links, it was decided to create a further level of multiplexing. The standard

adopted in Europe involved the combination of four 2 Mbps channels to produce a

single 8 Mbps channel.

This level of multiplexing differed slightly from the previous in that the incoming

signals were combined one bit at a time instead of one byte at a time i.e. bit

interleaving was used as opposed to byte interleaving. As the need arose, further

levels of multiplexing were added to the standard at 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbps, and 565

Mbps to produce a full hierarchy of bit rates.

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INDEX

Sr.

No

Topic Page

No1 Introduction 12 Various subsystem in GSM 1

2.1 Base Station Subsystem 2

2.2 Network switching subsystem 4

2.3 Network management subsystem 4

3 Various interface in BTS 5

3.1 Radio interface 5

3.2 Abis interface 6

3.3 A-interface 7

4 Antenna system in BTS 8

4.1 Requirement of antenna 8

4.2 X-POL antenna system 84.3 GSM base panel antenna 9

5 BTS cabinet 10

5.1 Radio part 11

5.2 Digital part 12

6 Uplink and downlink path 12

6.1 Uplink path 12

6.2 Downlink path 13

7 Skeleton of BTS 14

7.1 Power supply unit 14

7.2 Dual variable gain duplex unit 15

7.3 Multi coupler 16

7.4 Wideband combiner 16

7.5 Transceiver card 17

7.6 Baseband card 17

7.7 Base operation and interface unit 18

8 Conclusion 19

9 References 20

List of figures

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Sr.

No

Topic Page

No1 Subsystem of GSM 1

2 Subsystem of BSS 1

3 Working of BSS 24 Roof top antenna setup 8

5 GSM panel antenna setup 9

6 Radiation pattern for GSM panel antenna 9

7 Panel antenna 10

8 Radiation pattern for panel antenna 10

9 Base transceiver station 11

10 Uplink and downlink path 13

11 BTS cabinet 14

12 Power supply unit 14

13 Dual variable gain duplex front view 15

14 Block diagram of dual variable gain duplex 1515 Multi coupler unit 16

16 Block diagram of multi coupler 16

17 Front view of wideband combiner 16

18 Block diagram of wideband combiner 16

19 Left isometric view of Transceiver card 17

20 Block diagram of transceiver card 17

21 Baseband card 17

22 Block diagram of baseband card 17

23 Base operation and interface unit 18

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