brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dr.Mohammed Sadiq Azam
Postgraduate, Prof.Siraj’s unit, M:I
Deccan College of Medical Sciences
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF
THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
![Page 2: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
BRAIN - ANATOMY
![Page 3: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
BRAIN - ANATOMY
![Page 4: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
BRAIN - ANATOMY
![Page 5: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
BRAIN – FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
![Page 6: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
HISTOLOGY
Six layers:
I: Molecular layer
II: External granular layer
III: Small pyramidal cell layer
IV: Internal granular layer
V: Large pyramidal cell layer
VI: Layer of fusiform or
polymorphic cells
![Page 7: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX
![Page 8: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SENSORY HOMUNCULOUS
![Page 9: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• SSA 1 & SSA 2
• Amorphsynthesis – forgets one half
SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX
![Page 10: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
MOTOR CORTEX
![Page 11: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
MOTOR HOMUNCULOUS
![Page 12: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
MOTOR AREAS
![Page 13: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• Way station for “command signals”
• Important in movement & equilibrium
• Reticular nuclei and vestibular nuclei
• Vestibular nuclei: M, K, S
ROLE OF BRAIN STEM IN MOTOR FUNCTION:
![Page 14: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
VISUAL CORTEX
![Page 15: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
VISUAL CORTEX
![Page 16: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
VISUAL CORTEX
![Page 17: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CONTROL OF EYE MOVEMENTS
• EOM:• Medial & Lateral recti• Inferior & Suerior recti• Superior & Inferipr oblique
• MLF
![Page 18: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CONTROL OF EYE MOVEMENTS
• Fixation eye movements
• Voluntary fixation mechanism
• Involuntary fixation mechanism
• Role of superior colliculi in involuntary fixation
• Continuous tremor
• Slow drift
• Flicking movts
• Saccadic eye movements
• Pursuit movements
![Page 19: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
AUDITORY CORTEX
![Page 20: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
AUDITORY CORTEX
• Determination of direction of entry of sound:
• Time lag between entry of sound into one ear and the other
• Difference between the intensities of the sounds in the two ears.
• Neural mechanism:
• Superior olivary nucleus
![Page 21: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
OLFACTORY CORTEX
• Very old – Medial olfactory area
• Hypothalamus & limbic cortex
• Less old olfactory area
• Limbic cortex & Paleocortex
• Newer pathway
• Dorsomedial thalamic nucleus
• Lateropasterior quadrant of the orbitofrontale cortex
![Page 22: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ASSOCIATION AREAS
![Page 23: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ASSOCIATION AREAS
• Parietooccipitotemporal association area:
• Spatial co-ordinates
• Language comprehension (Wernicke’s area)
• Visual comprehension (Angulate gyrus - Dyslexia)
• Naming objects
• Prefrontal association area:
• Sequential and parallel inputs of motor function
• Planning of motor activity (thought process)
• Working memory
![Page 24: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ASSOCIATION AREAS
![Page 25: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• = GENERAL INTERPRETIVE AREA
• = GNOSTIC AREA
• = KNOWING AREA
• = TERITARY ASSOCIATION AREA
• Single greatest role of any part of the cerebral cortex for the function of intelligence.
• Highly developed on the dominant hemisphere in the posterior part of the superior temporal lobe.
WERNICKE’S AREA:
![Page 26: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Most inferior portion of posterior parietal lobe.
• Visual comprehension
• Dyslexia
ANGULAR GYRUS
![Page 27: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Medial undersides of both occipital lobes
• Prosophenosia
FACE RECOGNITION
![Page 28: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
SPEAKING A HEARD WORD
![Page 29: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
SPEAKING A WRITTEN WORD
![Page 30: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Interpretation of music
• Nonverbal visual experiences (patterns)
• Spatial relationships between person and environment
• Body language, intonation of voices
• Somatic experiences from limbs and hands
NON DOMINANT HEMISPHERE
![Page 31: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Lesion at angular and supramarginal gyri near parietotemporal junction
• Dysgraphia
• Dyscalculia
• Finger agnosia
• Left right disorientation
Gerstmann syndrome
![Page 32: Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052311/55a5b6121a28ab27578b45bd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
THANK YOU