brm final report anu
TRANSCRIPT
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Acknowledgement
We would like to thank ALMIGHTY ALLAH, for granting us the courage to
accomplish this report, and special thanks to
Ms Zainab Rehman,
Saleem Naz (Magazine Editor Nawaie-Waqat),
and resources that helped us in completion of this report.The process for working
on this report was very interesting. We gathered useful and important
information about the causes of the power shortage. We are also thankful to
those who provide us their precious time and filling questionnaire forms and thus
help us in conducting this research report.
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DEDICATION
We dedicate this to our Beloved Parents for all their love & attention which made
it possible for us to make this research work and as well as our subject teacher Ms
Zainab Rehman, who bestowed us with the courage, the commitment and the
awareness to follow the best possible route, by her unmatchable style and by best
possible training.
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DECLARATION
We hereby declare that this project namely POWER SHORTAGE AND ITS IMPACT
ON ECONOMIC CONDITION OF PAKISTAN is completely developed entirely on
the basis of our personal effort, made under the guidance of our project
supervisor
Ms Zainab Rehman.
No portion of this work presented in this dissertation has been submitted in
support of any application for any other course of any other degree, program or
qualification of this or any other university or institute of learning.
It is further stated that whole document is as the partial fulfillment for theBUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS course in BBA Program. We understand and
transfer the copyright for this material to the Institute of management sciences,
BZU (City campus) Multan.
Anum iftikhar (BBC-08-37)
Maryam shahid (BBC-08-10)
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In this report we have discussed power shortage and its impact on economic condition of
Pakistan. Throughout the report we have emphasized on the major forces causing power shortage
and its impact on different industries and major sectors of economy. This report will be helpful
in findind out the remedies for the problems arising from power shortage.
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PREFACE
Seeking Knowledge has been the desire of human beings, which is gifted by Allah to his Caliph on earth.
The assigned project was a great opportunity for us to understand the problems faced by the poor
children. We managed to gather the information from various sources. This project has helped us a lot
in understanding that what things to be considered while conducting research.
It would help the readers to understand the basic approaches followed in the selected project and will
be a source of guideline for the coming students.
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
What are the forces behind power shortage
which are affecting the economic condition of
pakistan?
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Table of content
Page #
Introduction ...............................
Problem statement ......................
Objective of study ......................
Benefits of study .
Research methodology ....................
Problem statement .
Research design .
Sampling process .
Literature review
Data analysis
Conclusion ...
Reference ..
Appendix ..
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INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND:
One of the most common questions asked in reference to Pakistan is as to what is the current
burning issue in Pakistan? Instead of a simple answer you will most probably be presented with a
long list of the problematic issues that have been plaguing the economy of Pakistan and retarding
its growth for a long time now. But of these issues, one issue that will be rated as the top most
valid issue being faced by both the people and the government of Pakistan, will be the shortage
of power/electricity in Pakistan. As in almost every other field Pakistan is suffering also with a
very serious crisis in the power/electricity generation sector. In fact according to a recent
estimate around 67% of our population continues living in darkness even in this modernized era.
The electricity and power shortage is a chronic problem that has slowed Pakistans social and
economic growth rate. The problem is not a new one and dates back to the early nineties when
the power supply was exceeded by the demand for electricity by thousands of MW. The gap
between the demand and supply resulted in routine load shedding. At this point the GOP
(Government of Pakistan) intervened through the adoption of policy measures that aimed at
mobilization for the investment in the power and electricity sector.
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
What are the forces behind power shortage which are affecting the economic condition of
pakistan?
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY:
The basic objective of study is to highlight the ultimate concequences of power
shortage and to elaborate how it is contributing towards declining the economy of Pakistan.
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BENEFITS OF STUDY
y .This study will be helpful in determining for how much percentage power shortage is
contributing towards declining economic condition of Pakistan.
y It will be helpful in determining the major effects of power shortage on small scale and
large scale business.
y It will be helpful in evaluating major forces behind power shortage.
y The study will be helpful in finding that what alternative can be used for power shortage
and estimating their costs.
y This study will be helpful in judging what the people think about how power shortage can
be eliminated in order to stabilize the economy of Pakistan.
RESERCH DESIGN:
EXPLORATION: Qualitative
Exploration or qualitative data analysis is done through collecting secondary
data and by taking interviews of owners of some industries. Through this analysis we proposed to bese
our research design on survey methodology.
SURVEY DESIGN:
It includes:
Questionnaire
Interview
QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN:
We included 20 questions in our questionnaire.Different scales are used to
elicit suggestions of people. To give the respondant more chance to particapate we also included
open ended questions.
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SAMPLING DESIGN:
Sample unit:
Our sample unit includes the shopkeepers and industrialists having industries in Punjab.
Sample size:
Our sample size is 50.
Sapling procedure:
Probability sampling is the proposed sampling procedure. Simple random sample is
used.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
There are four main techniques which are most important to execute this study.
Problem identification
Literature review
Hypothesis development
Data collection sources
Data analysis
conclusion
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION:
Is power shortage the real cause of decline in economy or there are other factors causing it?
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LITERATURE REVIEW:
The continuing power crisis has not only disrupted the daily lives and businesses of people but
has also added to their miseries. It has impeded the growth of both small scale and large scale
businesses. Industrial progress is in shambles owing to the unpredictable and theunreliable powersupply. People are forced to deal with the day long interruptions in electricity and have to suffer
in the intolerable heat and humidity with no logical solution in sight. Electricity is a necessity in
the fast pased modern society and its shortage not only dampens the spirits of the people but also
hampers their productivity. It would not be wrong to say that the frequent power breakdowns
have brought both the domestic and social lives to a standstill. The shopping malls and the open
markets that were once swamped by the customers are now dark and deserted.
Though people are now reverting to private generators and Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)
in hope to cope up with the frequent load shedding this too is a luxury available to only the rich
as the sky high prices of the generators and their fuels make it unattainable to the common man
who can hardly make both ends meet.
Further the gas crisis is not only adding to but is also aggravating the power crisis. The reason
being that because of the recent very cold winter there was an exceptional increase in the demand
for gas, gas which is not only used for private needs but which is also used for powering the
generators.
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KESC, WAPDA and the Pakistani government have unveiled several plans of setting up new
plants and starting new power projects that might help in the fulfillment of power requirements.
Like for instance a few months back as an effort to deal with the power/electricity shortage
WAPDA switched off alternate streetlight points and refused to provide electricity for any kind
of ceremonial or entertainment purposes. Further markets were ordered to close early in an
attempt to conserve power. But all these efforts went in vain and the power/electricity shortage
continued to spiral out of hand. In fact until some effective and swift measures are taken by the
government of Pakistan the problem of shortage in power and electricity and their supply will
continue increasing and will spiral out of control as the shortage in power and electricity in
Pakistan is not only affecting the people but is also affecting Pakistans competitiveness in the
international market. A liberal policy is called for which has a less bureaucratic approach. Not
only will help in the production of energy units but will also help in prospective attractive
investments in the power sector.
Simply put when the supply is surpassed by demand there is a deficit and the increase of demand
for power/electricity has exceeded its supply and has therefore created a shortage. The
population is increasing at an alarming rate and so is the demand for the supply of electricity
which is growing at an annual rate of almost 9 %, whereas the supply of electricity is increasing
at a comparatively slower rate of around 7 %, which is unsatisfactory. Further the dependence on
the thermal power stations for the generation of electricity has largely contributed to its rapidly
increasing cost. The government should have foreseen the expected shortage and should have
taken some effective measures to increase the power supply. But whats done is done so instead
of wasting time by searching for ways to pin the blame on a certain body, time should be utilized
to seek a long term and effective solution to the power and electricity shortage crisis. Now it is
the governments responsibility to search for an effective alternative.
Lets further review the history of electricity supply in Pakistan. There are basically two
companies that are working for the production of electricity. The Karachi Electric SupplyCorporation (KESC) which is responsible for the production of electricity in Karachi, Sindh,
Baluchistan and the adjoining areas whereas the responsibility to produce electricity for the rest
of the Pakistan falls under Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA). Though both
the companies operate individually through their own networks they are connected with each
other at two points. Amidst strong disapproval the KESC was seized by GOP. But no satisfactory
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measures were taken by the new owners to alleviate the energy crisis, despite their claims of not
only modernizing the infrastructure of the company but also making it a profitable entity within a
couple. What actually happened was that after the privatization, load shedding and breakdowns
in power became more frequent than ever. And now this debacle is not only restricted to Karachi
but in the recent months has caused disruptions throughout Pakistan. There have been power
fluctuations and power losses because of the insufficient electricity supply.
Small businesses badly hit by power outages
Published: April 09, 2010
LAHORE - Traders, shopkeepers and domestic consumers on Thursday took to streets in various parts of
the Punjab against 14 to 18 hours unscheduled loadshedding as the wheel of cottage industry has come to
a complete halt while massive power outrages are badly affecting the businesses, paralysing routine life
and forcing the helpless people to spend sleepless nights during hot weather.
The protesters took out rallies, staged strong protest demonstration and chanted slogans against the
PPP-led government for its complete failure to improve power supply despite the lapse of two years.
The helpless consumers on Thursday protested in various parts ofLahore, Faisalabad, Vehari, Sahiwal,
Renala Khurd, Sheikhupura and Kasur and blocked the roads by setting the tyres on fire, disrupting the
traffic flow for several hours.
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All Pakistan Papers Merchants Association held an emergent meeting here in Lahore and condemned the
government for its failure to improve electricity supply in the country despite increasing tariff manifold.
The association said four to six-hour continuous power outages had destroyed the business activities in
the City and due to excessive loadshedding the businessmen have been left with no other option but to
close down industrial units.
On this occasion, they also announced that they would stage protest demonstration at Urdu Bazaar Chowk
on Sunday evening. All the shopkeepers and Anjuman-e-Tajran Urdu Bazaar also announced they would
join the protest against massive loadshedding.
In a press statement, President Lahore Kiryana Merchants Association Rao Muhammad Akram said the
champions of democracy had failed to deliver as the public is suffering due to 18 hours loadshedding,
high inflation and worsening law and order situation.
Addressing the meeting of the office-bearers, Rao Muhammad Akram said the power outages were badly
affecting the business activities but the government is not devising any comprehensive policy to get rid of
this menace. On the other hand, Pepco on Thursday said the electricity shortfall had reached 4810-MW in
the country as 1015-MW power generation was recorded against its demand of 14,810-MW.
Even after the government has increased electricity tariff manifold, putting extra burden on the already
inflation-hit public, the Pepco has resorted to 14 hours loadshedding in big cities while the rural
population is being supplied only four hours electricity.
The residents of Walled City say the entire locality had turned into hell during night hours due to worst
and unscheduled loadshedding.
Traders said the business activities came to a halt across the City due to excessive power outages. The
loadshedding also forced shopkeepers and traders to switch over to alternate arrangements like generators
and UPS, which had also increased the cost of doing business.
The local residents said 18 to 20-hour unannounced power outages are disturbing the life throughout the
provincial metropolis. There was six-hour continuous power outage in Johar Town on Wednesday
night, Mrs Irkam told The Nation by phone.
The Lahorites say the loadshedding is making their lives more miserable as the housewives have to burn
candles to cook food during the night hours.
The congested residential localities like Islampura, Sanda, Samanabad, Iqbal Town, Sabzazar, Johar
Town, Wahdat Colony, Kot Lakhpat, Shalimar and Baghbanpura areas are the most affected vicinities,
where LESCO has resorted to 18-hours breakdown.
But the posh neighbourhoods of Model Town, Township, Garden Town, Muslim Town, Gulberg and
Defence also fell victim to the most unwanted routine.
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Muhammad Khan, a shopkeeper in Liberty Market, said that the massive loadshedding is badly affecting
his business. We have lost 50 per cent business due to unscheduled load shedding, he added.
The Chief ofQaumi Tajar Ittehad, Lahore (QTI) Irfan Iqbal Sheikh said that unscheduled loadshedding is
hampering the business activities. He urged the government to solve the electricity problem immediately
by importing electricity from Iran and China on cheaper rates so that the national economy did not suffer
further. The solution of electricity crisis is essential to improve the economic condition of the country, he
added.
HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT:
H0: There is no effect of power shortage on economic condition of Pakistan.
H1: There is an effect of power shortage on economic condition of Pakistan.
Independent variable: Power shortage
Dependent variable: Economic condition of pakistan
DATA COLLECTION SOURCES:
Collection of secondary data:
For every research, secondary data collection is very important. Without it, one thrashes out ones
research project. It solves the problem up to some extent even before research. In our research, secondary
data is collected through business journals, library, and internet and through consultation with our
teachers
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Collection of primary data
Primary data would be the main source of information in our research. In research it plays a vital role to
get to the stated objectives. Selecting an appropriate research
tool to collect the accurate and precise primary data is a preliminary precaution in data measurement.
For this purpose, we rely on the well formulated questionnaire. As the accuracy and relevance of data
gathered depends heavily on the questionnaire, so we put extra efforts in formulating this tool. Making it
sure that it spells out many functions relating to the respondent.
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Data analysis
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Gender:
1) In which range does your age lie?
a) 15- 30
b) 31- 40
c) 41- 60
d) 60 above
OBSERVATIONS Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
15- 30 12 26 26 26
31- 40 16 32 32 58
41- 60 19 38 38 9660 above 3 4 4 100
13
16
19
2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
a) 15- 30
b) 31- 40
c) 41- 60
d) 60 above
Series 1
Series 1
44
6
YES
NO
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3) In which range does your income lie?
a) Below 10,000
b) 11,000 - 25,000
c) 26,000 - 50,000
d) Above 50,000
OBSERVATIONS Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Below 10,000 4 8 8 8
11,000-25,000 24 48 48 56
26,000-50,000 16 32 32 88
Above 50,000 6 12 12 100
Q5: Electricity to you is
Extremely Very Some what Not very not at all
important important important important important
HO: People dont consider electricity important.
HA: People consider electricity important
4
24
16
6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
a) Below 10,000 b) 11,000 - 25,000 c) 26,000 - 50,000 d) Above 50,000
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Level ofSignificance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1= 4
Critical Value = 9.49
Chi Square Value = 101.4
9.49 101.4
Interpretation:
Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded thatnull hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that people
consider electricity important.
Observations fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
Extremely important 37 10 72.9
Very important 12 10 0.4
Somewhat important 1 10 8.1
Not very important 0 10 10
Not at all important 0 10 10
TOTAL 50 50 101.4
Value not lies inside the region
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6) Is power shortage affecting your life?
Yes
No
HO: Power shortage does not affecting the life
HA: Power shortage affecting the life.
OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
YES 48 25 21.16
NO 2 25 21.16
TOTAL 50 50 42.32
Level of Significance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1= 1
Critical Value = 3.84
Chi Square Value = 42.32
3.84 42.32
37
121
0 0
extremely important
Very
Some what
Not very
not at all
Value not lies inside the region
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Interpretation:
Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded that
null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that Power
shortage affecting the life
7) What is the extent of the effect of power shortage in your life?
Extremely high . ... ... ... ... . Extremely low
HO: power shortage is not extremely effecting life.
HA: power shortage is extremely effecting life.
OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
Extremely low1 0 7.14 7.14
2 0 7.14 7.14
3 0 7.14 7.14
4 2 7.14 3.705 5 7.14 0.641
6 11 7.14 2.08
7 32 7.14 86.55
Extremely high
TOTAL 50 50 114.39
48
2
YES
NO
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Level of Significance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1= 6
Critical Value = 12.592
Chi Square Value = 114.39
12.592 1142.39
Interpretation:
Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded that
null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that Power
shortage extremely affecting the life.
8)How much your income is affected by power shortage?
Highly effected .. .. .. .. .. .. .. low effect
HO:Income is not effected by power shortage.HA: Income is effected by power shortage.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 2 34
56
7
0 0 0 25
11
32
Value not lies inside the region
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OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
low effect
1 0 7.14 7.14
2 2 7.14 3.70
3 1 7.14 5.28
4 0 7.14 7.145 4 7.14 1.380
6 8 7.14 0.103
7 35 7.14 108.70
Highly effectedTOTAL 50 50 133.44
Level of Significance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1= 6
Critical Value = 12.592
Chi Square Value = 133.44
12.592 133.44
Interpretation:
Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded that
null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that Income is
effected by power shortage.
Value not lies inside the region
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9)Is power shortage is the cause of increasing your cost of doing business?
Yes
No
HO: Power shortage does not increase the cost of doing business.
HA: Power shortage increase the cost of doing business.
OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
YES 47 25 19.36NO 3 25 19.36TOTAL 50 50 38.72
Level of Significance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1= 1
Critical Value = 3.84
Chi Square Value = 38.72
3.84 38.7
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
1
3
5
7
0
2
1
0
4
8
35
Value not lies inside the region
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Interpretation:
Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded that
null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that Power
shortage increase the cost of doing business.
10) Is power shortage is the cause of increasing the prices of goods and services (inflation)?
Yes
No
HO: Power shortage does not increase the prices of goods and services.
HA: Power shortage increases the prices of goods and services.
OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
YES 49 25 23.04NO 1 25 23.04TOTAL 50 50 38.72
Level of Significance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1= 1
Critical Value = 3.84
Chi Square Value = 38.72
47
30
10
20
30
40
50
YES NO
Series1
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3.84 38.72
Interpretation:
Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded that
null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that Power
shortage increases the prices of goods and services.
11) Power shortage is increasing the rate of unemployment in our country?
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree Disagree
Strongly disagree
HO: Power shortage does not increasing the rate of unemployment.
HA: Power shortage increasing the rate of unemployment.
49
1
YES
NO
Value not lies inside the region
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OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
Strongly agree 32 10 48.4
Agree 14 10 1.6
Neither agree nor disagree 1 10 8.1
Disagree 2 10 6.4
Strongly disagree 1 10 8.1TOTAL 50 50 72.6
Level of Significance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1= 4
Critical Value = 9.49
Chi Square Value = 72.6
9.49 72.6
Interpretation:
Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded that
null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that : Power
shortage increasing the rate of unemployment.
32
14
1
2
1
Strongly agree
Agree
Neither agree nor disagree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Value not lies inside the region
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12) How much do you think is power shortage affecting pakistans international trade?
High effect .. .. .. .. .. .. .. low effect
HO:power shortage is not highly affecting the pakistans international trade
HA:power shortage is highly affecting the pakistans international trade
OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
low effect
1 2 7.14 3.70
2 1 7.14 5.28
3 8 7.14 0.103
4 2 7.14 3.70
5 8 7.14 0.103
6 17 7.14 13.61
7 12 7.14 3.308
Highly effected
TOTAL 50 50 29.804
Level of Significance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1= 6
Critical Value = 12.95
Chi Square Value = 29.804
12.95 29.804
Interpretation:
Value not lies inside the region
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Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded that
null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that power
shortage is highly affecting the pakistans international trade.
13) What rating do you give to the following factors contributing to power shortage(out of
total 10 points).
a) Lack of infrastructure
b) Political factors
c) Resource depletion
d) Any other
HO: All these factors are equally contributing to power shortage.
HA: All these factors are not equally contributing to power shortage.
OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
Lack of infrastructure 923 1250 85.54
Political factors 1064 1250 27.67
Resource depletion 2993 1250 2430.4
Any other 20 1250 1210.32
TOTAL 50 50 3753.92
Level of Significance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1= 3
Critical Value = 7.815
Chi Square Value = 3753.9
02
4
68
10
1214
1618
low
effect
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 high
effect
21
8
2
8
17
12
Series 1
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7.815 3753.92
Interpretation:
Since statistical value does not lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is
concluded that null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means
that all these factors are not equally contributing to power shortage.
14) Is power shortage a hurdle in progress of industrialization process in Pakistan?
a) Yesb) No
HO: Power shortage is not a hurdle in progress of industrialization process in Pakistan.
HA: Power shortage is a hurdle in progress of industrialization process in Pakistan.
0
2000
4000
Lack of
infrastructure Political factorsResource depletion
Any other
9231064
2993
20
Value not lies inside the region
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OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
YES 47 25 19.36NO 3 25 19.36TOTAL 50 50 38.72
Level of Significance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1= 1
Critical Value = 3.84
Chi Square Value = 38.72
3.84 38.72
Interpretation:
Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded thatnull hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that Power
shortage is a hurdle in progress of industrialization process in Pakistan.
47
3
YES
NO
Value not lies inside the region
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15) According to you which sector is most effected by power shortage?
Agriculture
Textile Manufacturing
Retailing and whole selling
HO: power shortage has same affect on all these sectors.
HA: power shortage has not same affect on all these sectors.
OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
Agriculture 17 12.5 1.62
Textile 8 12.5 1.62
Manufacturing 19 12.5 3.38
Retailing and whole selling 6 12.5 3.38TOTAL 50 50 10
Level of Significance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1=3
Critical Value = 7.815
Chi Square Value = 10
7.815 10
Interpretation:
Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded that
null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means thatpower
shortage does not have same affect on all these sectors.
Value not lies inside the region
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16) What do you think is the best possible alternative to conventional power generation?
a. Generators
b. Ups
c. Soler energy
d. Coal hydro power
e. Others
HO: All these alternatives are equally important.
HA: All these alternatives are not equally important.
OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
generator 12 10 0.4
UPS 14 10 0.4
Solar energy 12 10 0.4
Coal hydropower 10 10 0
Other 2 10 6.4
TOTAL 50 50 7.6
Level of Significance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1= 4
Critical Value = 9.488
Chi Square Value = 7.6
7.6 9.488
17
8
19
6Agriculture
Textile
Manufacturing
Retailing and wholeselling
Value lies inside the re ion
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Interpretation:
Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded that
null hypothesis HO is not rejected and we accept HO. This means that all these alternatives are
equally important.
17) What percentage of positive impact on power generation will be the outcome according to
the above mentioned alternatives?
a) 01-25%
b) 26-50%
c) 51-75%
d) 76-100%e) Not at all
OBSERVATIONS Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent
01-25% 10 20 20 20
26-50% 9 18 18 38
51-75% 13 26 26 64
76-100% 18 36 36 100
Not at all 0 0 0 0
12
1412
10
2 generator
UPS
Solar energy
Coal hydropower
Other
2038
64
100
0
-50
0
50
100
150
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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18)Is power shortage is one of the reasons behind economic downfall (if no then skip the next
question).
a) Yes
b) No
HO: power shortage is not one of the reasons behind economic downfall.
HA: power shortage is one of the reasons behind economic downfall.
OBSERVATIONS fo fe (Fo-fe)2/fe
Yes 46 25 17.64
no 4 25 17.64
TOTAL 50 50 35.28
Level of Significance = 0.05
Degree of freedom = n-1= 1
Critical Value = 3.84
Chi Square Value = 35.28
3.84 35.28
Interpretation:
Since statistical value lies in the critical (rejection) region so it is concluded that
null hypothesis HO is rejected and we accept alternate hypothesis HA.This means that power
shortage is not one of the reasons behind economic downfall.
Value not lies inside the region
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0 10 20 30 40 50
YES
NO
46
4
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Threats to Validity:
y Respondents may not give us the exact information in the questionnaire due to the lack of
interest.
y Due to controversial topic respondent may provided the biased information.y Due to the poor access to industries it is difficult to visit and get information from all related
industries
y May be the sample is not the true representative of population.
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CONCLUSION
Through the data that is analyzed in the report and the literature review that is provided it is
concluded that there are many forces contribtin to power shortage and it is one of the main
reason of economic downfall.The challenge that faces the Government, economists, power
planners and electrical engineers of this country today, is to devise a strategy which would
enable the country to defeat the power shortage, the enormity of the problem and the multiplicity
of the constraints notwithstanding. An increasingly larger share of the national investment outlay
needs to be diverted to power generation. Despite additional fund allocations to the power sectorto meet high demand growth rates, the country still has not really succeeded in expanding, the
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Bibliography
y http://www.dawn.com/2002/01/07/ebr10.htm.
y http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_of_Pakistan
y http://www.opfblog.com/1438/re-industrialising-pakistan-under-globalization/
y http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Pakistan-INDUSTRY.html
y Field interviews
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Questionaire
Name of Respondent
Gender Male Female
1) In which range does your age lie?
e) 15- 30
f) 31- 40
g) 41- 60
h) 60 above
2) What is your occupation?
..
3) In which range does your income lie?
e) Below 10,000
f) 11,000 - 25,000
g) 26,000 - 50,000
h) Above 50,000
4) What first word comes to your mind when you hear the word power shortage?...
5) Electricity to you is
a) Extremely important
b) Very important
c) Somewhat important
d) Not very important
e) Not at all important
6) Is power shortage affecting your life?
a) Yes
b) No
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7) What is the extent of the effect of power shortage in your life?
Extremely high . ... ... ... ... . Extremely low
8) How much your income is affected by power shortage?
Highly effected .. .. .. .. .. .. .. low effect
9) Is power shortage is the cause of increasing your cost of doing business?
a) Yes
b) No
10)Is power shortage is the cause of increasing the pirces of goods and services(inflation)?
a) Yes
b) No
11)Power shortage is increasing the rate of unemployment in our countrya) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Neither agree nor disagree
d) Disagree
e) Strongly disagree
12)How much do you think is power shortage affecting pakistans international trade?
High effect .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Low effect
13)What rating do you give to the following factors contributing to power shortage (out of total
10 points).
e) Lack of infrastructure
f) Political factors
g) Resource depletion
h) Any other
14)Is power shortage a hurdle in progress of industrialization process in Pakistan?
c) Yes
d) No
15)According to you which sector is most effected by power shortage?
a) Agricultureb) Textile
c) Manufacturing
d) Retailing and whole selling
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16)What do you think is the best possible alternative to conventional power generation?
f. Generators
g. Ups
h. Solar energy
i. Coal hydro power
j. Others
17)What percentage of positive impact on power generation will be the outcome according to
the above mentioned alternatives?
f) 01-25%
g) 26-50%
h) 51-75%
i) 76-100%
j) Not at all
18)Is power shortage is one of the reasons behind economic downfall (if no then skip the next
question).c) Yes
d) No
19)According to you how power shortage affecting the economy?
.
20)What do you think is the best possible way to cater this issue in future?
.
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RAW DATA
Gender
Male = 44
Female = 6
1) In which range does your age lie?
a) 15- 30 = 12
b) 31- 40 = 16
c) 41- 60 = 19
d) 60 above = 3
2) In which range does your income lie?
a) Below 10,000 =4
b) 11,000 - 25,000 =24
c) 26,000 - 50,000 =16
d) Above 50,000 =6
5) Electricity to you is
a) Extremely important = 37
b) Very important =12
c) Somewhat important =01
d) Not very important =0
f) Not at all important =0
6) Is power shortage affecting your life?
a) Yes =48
b) No =2
7) What is the extent of the effect of power shortage in your life?
Extremely high 32 11 5... 2 ...0... 0... ..0... Extremely low
8) How much your income is affected by power shortage?
Highly effected 35.. 8.. 4... ..0.. 1.. 2.. 0... low effect
9) Is power shortage is the cause of increasing your cost of doing business?
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a) Yes 47
b) No 3
10) Is power shortage is the cause of increasing the pirces of goods and services(inflation)?
a) Yes 49b) No 1
11) Power shortage is increasing the rate of unemployment in our country
a) Strongly agree = 32
b) Agree =14
c) Neither agree nor disagree =1
d) Disagree = 2
e) Strongly disagree = 1
12) How much do you think is power shortage affecting pakistans international trade?
High effect ..12.. ..17.. 8.. 2.. 8.. 2.. 1.. low effect
13) What rating do you give to the following factors contributing to power shortage
(out of total 10 points).
a) Lack of infrastructure 923
b) Political factors 1064c) Resource depletion 2993
d) Any other 20
14) Is power shortage a hurdle in progress of industrialization process in Pakistan?
a) Yes 47
b) No 3
15) According to you which sector is most effected by power shortage?
a) Agriculture 17b) Textile 8
c) Manufacturing 19
d) Retailing and wholeselling 6
16) What do you think is the best possible alternative to conventional power generation?
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a) Generators 12
b) Ups 14
c) Soler energy 12
d) Coal hydro power 10
e) Others 2
17) What percentage of positive impact on power generation will be the outcome according to
the above mentioned alternatives?
a) 01-25% 10
b) 26-50% 9
c) 51-75% 13
d) 76-100% 18
e) Not at all 0
18) Is power shortage is one of the reasons behind economic downfall(if no then skip the next
question).
a) Yes 46
b) No 4