breeds of beef & dairy cattle mrs. gilbreath. today you will be able to… identify...
TRANSCRIPT
Breeds of Beef & Breeds of Beef & Dairy CattleDairy Cattle
Mrs. GilbreathMrs. Gilbreath
Today you will be able to…Today you will be able to…
Identify characteristics of Major Beef Identify characteristics of Major Beef Cattle Breeds, Dual-Purpose and Cattle Breeds, Dual-Purpose and Dairy Breeds.Dairy Breeds.
TermsTerms
______________ – a breed that is ______________ – a breed that is formed by crossing two or more formed by crossing two or more breedsbreeds
________________ – Increased growth ________________ – Increased growth rate often noted in cattle resulting rate often noted in cattle resulting from crossbreedingfrom crossbreeding
______________– Naturally without ______________– Naturally without horns; the polled trait is dominant horns; the polled trait is dominant over the horned traitover the horned trait
Terms Cont.Terms Cont.
___________________– Breed used in ___________________– Breed used in crossbreeding system which crossbreeding system which progeny, both male and female are progeny, both male and female are marketed.marketed.
____________________ Breeds – A ____________________ Breeds – A Breed of any animal that can be used Breed of any animal that can be used for dual uses. (Ex. Beef and Milking)for dual uses. (Ex. Beef and Milking)
2 Biological Types of 2 Biological Types of CattleCattle
___________ ___________ – Humped cattle, adapt to tropical and sub-tropical environments
________________ Brangus Beefmaster Santa Gertrudis
Environmental Environmental adaptability to…adaptability to…
___________ of heat___________ of heat HumidityHumidity ____________________________ Digestible foragesDigestible forages
____________________________ Sub-divided into 2 Sub-divided into 2
groupsgroups Continental Continental
breedsbreeds, or , or “____________”“____________”
Known for _________ Known for _________ gain and cutabilitygain and cutability
_________ in size, _________ in size, lean muscular and lean muscular and vary in adaptability vary in adaptability to hot climatesto hot climates
CharolaisCharolais ____________________________ GelbviehGelbvieh LimousinLimousin Maine-AnjouMaine-Anjou SalersSalers SimmentalSimmental Texas LonghornTexas Longhorn
__________:__________:British BreedsBritish Breeds
Or “__________ Or “__________ Breeds”Breeds”
___________ than ___________ than Continental breedsContinental breeds
Increased fleshing Increased fleshing and _________ and _________ abilityability
These are the These are the _______________ of _______________ of the United States the United States beef herds.beef herds.
____________________________ HerefordHereford Red AngusRed Angus Red PollRed Poll ShorthornShorthorn
Black AngusBlack Angus Originated in Originated in
ScotlandScotland Imported to U.S. in Imported to U.S. in
18731873 Solid black in colorSolid black in color Naturally _________Naturally _________ Consumer Consumer
preference led to preference led to Certified Angus BeefCertified Angus Beef
British BreedBritish Breed
HerefordHereford
Originated in Originated in Hereford, EnglandHereford, England
Red with white Red with white head, legs, and head, legs, and underlineunderline
______________________________ Early maturingEarly maturing ““____________” ____________”
breedbreed British BreedBritish Breed
Polled HerefordPolled Hereford
Developed in Developed in Iowa by Warren Iowa by Warren GammonGammon
______________ ______________ hornlesshornless
Red with white Red with white face, legs and face, legs and underlineunderline
ShorthornShorthorn Originated in EnglandOriginated in England Red; red & white or Red; red & white or
roan in colorroan in color Originally used as a Originally used as a
_____________ breed for _____________ breed for meat and milkmeat and milk
Sometimes called the Sometimes called the ____________ breed____________ breed
Early maturing, Early maturing, excellent milkersexcellent milkers
Dual-PurposeDual-Purpose
SimmentalSimmental Originated in Originated in
SwitzerlandSwitzerland __________ breed of __________ breed of
cattle in the worldcattle in the world ____________, powerful ____________, powerful
breedbreed Known for both growth Known for both growth
traits and maternal traits and maternal traitstraits
Vary from red and Vary from red and white spotted to dark white spotted to dark red to blackred to black
Continental BreedContinental Breed
GelbviehGelbvieh
Originated in Originated in GermanyGermany
Red in colorRed in color Noted for superior Noted for superior
fertility and fertility and mothering abilitymothering ability
Tend to be extra Tend to be extra fleshy under the fleshy under the throatthroat
CharolaisCharolais
Originated in Originated in FranceFrance
Traditionally white Traditionally white in colorin color
Long bodied, large Long bodied, large cattlecattle
_________ muscled_________ muscled Coarse lookingCoarse looking _________ or Polled_________ or Polled Fast growth rate, Fast growth rate,
and feed efficiencyand feed efficiency
Maine AnjouMaine Anjou
Originated in FranceOriginated in France Dark red with white Dark red with white
markings or blackmarkings or black Can be horned or Can be horned or
polledpolled Yield extremely Yield extremely
_________, muscular _________, muscular carcassescarcasses
Bos TaurusBos Taurus
ChianinaChianina
Originated in ItalyOriginated in Italy One of the __________ One of the __________
breeds of cattlebreeds of cattle One of the ___________ One of the ___________
breeds with some breeds with some bulls weighing over bulls weighing over 3000 lbs.3000 lbs.
Short hair that is white Short hair that is white to steel grayto steel gray
_____________ breed_____________ breed Low milk productionLow milk production
BrahmanBrahman Originated in _______Originated in _______ Able to survive on very Able to survive on very
little, poor feedlittle, poor feed _____________ & heat _____________ & heat
resistantresistant Excess skin and large Excess skin and large
hump on backhump on back White to gray, red to White to gray, red to
blackblack __________________________________ BIBI
Santa GertrudisSanta Gertrudis
Developed on the Developed on the King Ranch in King Ranch in TexasTexas
All Santa Gertrudis All Santa Gertrudis are descendants of are descendants of the bull, the bull, ______________________
They were created They were created by crossing by crossing ____________cows ____________cows and Brahman bullsand Brahman bulls
Texas LonghornTexas Longhorn
Developed entirely Developed entirely by nature in North by nature in North AmericaAmerica
Known for its long Known for its long hornshorns
High fertilityHigh fertility Were near Were near
extinction in 1927extinction in 1927
BeefmasterBeefmaster
Developed on Developed on Lasater Ranch in our Lasater Ranch in our home state. TXhome state. TX
No color standard, No color standard, predominantly red or predominantly red or dundun
Composite breed, Composite breed, ____ Brahman, ______ ____ Brahman, ______
Shorthorn, ______ Shorthorn, ______ Hereford Hereford
Possess reproductive Possess reproductive traits and high traits and high milking potentialmilking potential
BrangusBrangus
Composite Breed 3/8 Composite Breed 3/8 Brahman, 5/8 AngusBrahman, 5/8 Angus
Black in color and Black in color and are Polledare Polled
Heat tolerance, Heat tolerance, muscularity, early muscularity, early maturity, quality maturity, quality beefbeef
Bos IndicusBos Indicus Composite BreedComposite Breed
Dual-Purpose BreedDual-Purpose Breed
_____________________– A group of _____________________– A group of cattle that are very large to cattle that are very large to extremely large in size, high to very extremely large in size, high to very high milkers, with heavy muscle high milkers, with heavy muscle expression. expression.
These breeds tend to be early to These breeds tend to be early to medium maturing in spite of there medium maturing in spite of there size, presumably because of there size, presumably because of there selection for dairy use.selection for dairy use.
Red and white or Red and white or any combination of any combination of red and whitered and white
Dual purpose breedDual purpose breed Medium sizedMedium sized Average milk Average milk
producerproducer Split from the Split from the
American Shorthorn American Shorthorn Assoc. in 1949Assoc. in 1949
Milking Milking ShorthornShorthorn
Dairy Breeds and SelectionDairy Breeds and SelectionTermsTerms
___________________ - ___________________ - characteristics indicating the animal will be useful in the characteristics indicating the animal will be useful in the
dairy industrydairy industry_______________________ (milkfat)- _______________________ (milkfat)-
percent of fat in the milkpercent of fat in the milk________________________ -________________________ -
amount in pounds of milk that a cow produces during a amount in pounds of milk that a cow produces during a lactation periodlactation period
__________________________ - __________________________ - span of time that a cow is giving milkspan of time that a cow is giving milk
___________________________ - ___________________________ - register of lines of ancestryregister of lines of ancestry
________________________________(DHI)- ________________________________(DHI)- production records kept on producing dairy cattleproduction records kept on producing dairy cattle
HolsteinHolstein
Black and Black and White or Red White or Red and White and White color patterncolor pattern
Large sizedLarge sized ___________ milk ___________ milk
producersproducers
JerseyJersey Color varies (light Color varies (light
gray to a dark fawn gray to a dark fawn being darker around being darker around the head and hips)the head and hips)
Medium sizedMedium sized Produces ________ Produces ________
____________ of milk ____________ of milk per body weight than per body weight than any other dairy breed.any other dairy breed.
Brown SwissBrown Swiss Solid brown, varying Solid brown, varying
from very light to darkfrom very light to dark Large sizedLarge sized Light colored band Light colored band
around the muzzlearound the muzzle One of the oldest Dairy One of the oldest Dairy
breedsbreeds Above average milkfat Above average milkfat
contentcontent
GuernseyGuernsey
Red (Fawn) and Red (Fawn) and White in colorWhite in color
Medium sizedMedium sized High milk High milk
production to feed production to feed intake ratiointake ratio
Milk is high in Milk is high in protein and protein and beta-carotenebeta-carotene
Yellow colored milk Yellow colored milk