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SplitMotorLobesLimbicHind

ReflexSynapseActionStructure Central

The Brainstem (hind/old brain)

• Brainstem– located at the base of the brain, consisting of various parts functioning to sustain bodily functions.

2.6 What are the different structures of the bottom part of the brain?

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/livepsych/media/interface/index.htm?atitle=Major%20Brain%20Structures%20and%20Functions&id1=5_2

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The Old Brain (Brainstem)

• Medulla– Heartbeat and Breathing

• Pons “bridge”– Coordinates Movement and Sleep

• Reticular Formation– Net of Nerves Inside the Brainstem– Controls Arousal & Alertness– Example: When you name is called

• Locus Coeruleus– Center of Reticular Formation– Alertness and Panic

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The Cerebellum “little brain”

• MAIN FUNCTION:– Coordinates

balance & movement

• (ex. Walking, playing guitar hero)

• OTHER FUNCTIONS:– Judges time– Stores muscle

memory– Discriminates

sounds and texture3

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Cerebellum

Medulla

Pons

Reticular Formation

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Structures Under the Cortex

• Limbic system – located under the cortex and involved in learning, emotion, memory and motivation

2.7 What controls emotion, learning memory and motivation?


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The Limbic System (Emotional)

• Amygdala– Aggression and Fear

• Thalamus– Signal Switchboard– Relays information to your pleasure areas– Relays senses (not smell) information to cortex areas

• Ex: Information from eyes to visual cortex

• Hypothalamus– Hunger, Thirst, Sex, & Body Temp.– reward center & dopamine pathways

• Hippocampus– Memory

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Cerebellum

Medulla

Pons

Reticular Formation

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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The

wrinkled

outermost

covering

of

the

brain

ortex

WHY is the cortex so wrinkled?

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The Cerebral Cortex

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The Cerebral Cortex

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Somat

o se n s or y

Somatosensory & Motor Areas

Motor

http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/livepsych/media/interface/index.htm?atitle=Major%20Brain%20Structures%20and%20Functions&id1=5_1&id2=5_2&id3=5_3&id4=5_4&id5=5_5&id6=5_6&id7=5_7&id8=5_8&id9=5_9&id10=5_10&sid=5_5

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Association Areas

Association areas deal with high level thinking such as directions and location

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Motor Cortex Sensory Cortex

Cerebellum

Medulla

Pons

Reticular Formation

Pituitary Gland

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Corpus callosum

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Four Lobes of the Brain

• Both the left and right hemispheres can be roughly divided into four sections


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The Cerebral Cortex

• Frontal Lobes– Thoughts & Decision Making– Contains Motor Cortex– Contains Prefrontal Cortex

• In charge of logic, step-by-step decision making, morals, and emotional control

• Parietal Lobes– Sensation/Touch– Contains Sensory Cortex

• Occipital Lobes– Vision Processing– Contains Visual Cortex

• Temporal Lobes– Hearing & Memory– Contains auditory cortex

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Motor Cortex Sensory Cortex Parietal LobeFrontal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Cerebellum

Medulla

Pons

Reticular Formation

Pituitary Gland

Amygdala

Corpus callosum

Hippocampus

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Prefrontal Cortex

Temporal Lobe

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