Nicholas Lee 967 McCue Avenue, San Carlos, CA 94070. USA.

Please look at this idea in enable editing mode because the diagrams shift out of place in this view

mode.

My name is Nicholas Lee, and I am studying neuroscience, and my interest is memory encoding.

I have a prototype idea that need funding to build a microscope camera that can map neurons in a

animals brain.

Current ways to see neurons firing in a mouses's brain in real time involve seeing the neurons firing in real time

in TWO dimensions not three.

This new microscope camera I have developed when built, can see the electro, and chemical activity happening in groups of neurons in real time, and in THREE dimensions. Also I have re-designed the Gamma Knife to be able to ionize cells on molecular levels, about 20 to 100 microns in cubic radius, to be able to treat brain diseases, and disorders better. You could do the following five things with this new microscope camera, and this new re-engineered gamma knife:

1. With the gene therapy approach you can see the electro chemical activity happening in neurons, at Micron scales in real time, to get an idea of how memory is encoded. 2. Because you can see neurons firing in three dimensions, and in real time, at microns scales with this camera, you can get an idea of how brain diseases, and disorders effect the brain, and then you can find ways to better treat these brain disorders like Parkinson's and epilepsy for example. 3. You could find out what groups of neurons hold EXACTLY what spatial memories when using the gene therapy approach in an animal. 4. With this new re-engineered gamma knife machine you could ionize a groups of neurons in the brain in a cubic area around 20 to 100 microns small. Which could help treat brain diseases, and disorders better like Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy. 5. With this new re-engineered Gamma Knife you can ionize groups of cells specifically in the brain at molecular levels of around 20 to 100 microns, which CAN give you the ability to specifically erase memories in a mouse, or other animal, better than Zeta Inhibitory Peptide (ZIP) which is non-specific at erasing spatial memories. I have sent to Stanford to the Seeds Grant department that funds high risk neuroscience ideas, and to Duke University, in a hope to build a prototype to test, but they only give grants to students who study at those Universities.in cubic radius, which could help better treat Parkinson’s disease, and other brain disorders like epilepsy.

When a mouse see’s or hears a certain stimulus certain groups of neurons fire, and using the gene

therapy approach, and using this microscope camera, it CAN be possible to map neurons, and see

neurons firing in real time in the mouse’s brain.

After studying about all neuroimaging techniques MRI, PET, 3 Photon Microscopy, Digital Holographic

Microscopy, with any of them really you cannot see neurons firing in real time, with MRI you just see the

BOLD signal, you are just seeing neurons that need blood, and oxygen, you cannot really get an idea of

exactly what neurons are firing with a certain stimulus, you can get a general idea, but it’s not exact.

Even with the yet to be built INUMAC MRI machine which can see 0.1mm into a human brain, which is

around 1000 neurons, your still just seeing the BOLD signal.

Also with the Bruker BioSpec 17T MRI used on animals you’re just seeing the BOLD signal.

With 3 Photon Microscopy, there is a limit to the amount of depth they can traverse, and see through

brain tissue.

With future advances in with 3 Photon Microscopy, with the depth limit, I cannot really see a way to use

this technology to see the electro chemical activity happening in neurons in real time.

So my idea for the microscope camera is a modified version of the camera used by Stanford to see

neurons in real time, in a mouse’s brain.

With that microscope camera you can see neurons firing in a rat’s hippocampus in real time but you can

only see the neurons in two dimensions, as if you’re looking down at the neurons.

With my microscope camera you can see in all directions, up, down, left, right, forwards, and backwards

in real time, so you can see the electro chemical activity happening in neurons in all directions in real

time, and there are no blind spots with this microscope camera.

Here is the idea below.

The camera would be placed in a rectangle shaped structure and if possible the cameras would be

smaller in size tha the camera used by Stanford, it would use smallest cameras possible to build.

Cameras, the rectangle shaped structure where the cameras are incerted inside is transparent to show

you where all the cameras lenses are located

This camera can see in all directions up, down, left, right, forwards backwards, and see the activity

happening with neurons in real time

Top cameras

side, and front cameras

bottom camera

The rectangle structure would be placed inside a transparent probe, thinner and use up less space than

the camera used by Stanford.

Transparent casing, so that the rectangle shaped structure that holds the seven cameras can see

through the casing to see, and map the neurons, and see the electro chemical acticity happening in all

directions in real time.

Rectangle structure holding the cameras.

This lever lifts When the transparent casing is inserted into the hippocampus, and stays in place fixed

this lever pulls the camera up, and down inside the transparent casing to help map more neurons, and

see the electro chemical signal happening in different places.

A design like this would be cheaper because it would use just one camera that can rotate 360, and move

up and down so it can see in all directions, but you would NOT be able to see the electro chemical

activity happening in neurons in all directions, AFTER the camera had mapped all the neurons in the

vicinity.

Because it can only see in one direction, electro chemical signals would be firing everywhere in all

directions so you need a camera that can see in all directions.

The camera needs space to turn 360 making the transparent casing

Wider with this design, you want the transparent casing the camera

Is inserted into to be as thin as possible.

This camera spins, and rotates 360, and moves up and down

Just inserting the rectangle camera itself and leaving it inside of the brain, in a stable place where it will

not move around, could be a better idea.

The rectangle camera would be inside a transparent capsule shaped structure inserted in the brain.

So in the image below is what you would see on a television screen as you would view images from the

rectangle camera.

The rectangle camera would show images in the brain from all directions up, down, left, right, forwards,

backward, left, and right.

So what the camera see’s in all directions would be shown on a split screen, in six separate boxes at the

bottom of the screen.

So then a computer system would construct a complete three dimensional real time image from the

images from the six screens, and put all the images together to show a complete three dimensional

image of a group of neurons firing in real time, with using the gene therapy approach.

The seventh largest screen at the top shows the complete three dimensional image of a group of

neurons firing in real time, constructed together by a computer system.

UP Down Left Right Forwards Backwards

These separate boxes at the bottom of the screen show what the rectangle cameras see in all directions.

There would be a total of seven split screens shown on a television monitor.

This camera can see in all directions, with no blind spots

These blue spots on all sides are the camera lenses.

The rectangle camera in this diagram is transparent to show where all the camera lenses are located.

This camera could help understand more about epilepsy in primates, to find ways to treat epilepsy in

people.

When the transparent casing is inserted into the hippocampus, and stays in place fixed this lever pulls

the camera up, and down inside the transparent casing to help map more neurons, and see the electro

chemical signal happening in different places.

How long the transparent casing is going to be I am not sure, how far it can be inserted into the

hippocampus of the mouse I am not sure either, I am hoping you can offer suggestions, but the

microscope camera at Stanford was inserted into the hippocampus of the mouse.

The transparent casing could be made smaller, and you could make this idea with maybe less cameras, if

they have a wide field of view, but with this rectangle structured design you can see into the brain in all

directions, up, down, left, right, forward, and backwards.

You can see in neurons in complete 3D with this camera, with no blind spots.

So this idea is the best way I can think of the map the brain of an animal, and see the activity happening

in neurons in real time, using the gene therapy approach.

Researchers at Stanford could tell what neurons fired, when the mouse would stand in a certain part of

its arena.

So it is possible to find out what neurons hold what memory, if you can see the neurons with this

camera.

After mapping the neurons with this microscope camera, the reason it needs cameras on all sides is to

see the electro chemical activity happening in the neurons in real time.

Because the camera can see in all directions this is the best way to find out what neurons get activated

with the gene therapy approach, in response when the mouse see’s or hears a certain stimulus.

Mouse hippocampus located close to the surface of the brain, so it is easy to do experiments on the

hippocampus.

Using this camera on primates could give better understanding to how to control Epilepsy in people.

So with this idea it can be possible to map parts of the mouse, or chimp brain, and then see the electro

chemical signal activity happening in neurons in real time.

But to map the mouse brain you may have to build a lot of these cameras, or if you just build one

camera because of the cost, you would have to reinsert the camera into different area of the brain,

AFTER you mapped an area of neurons in a certain place.

So how to map and see neurons in real time in the hippocampus with this camera, here is a example

how to do it below.

If you can imagine this block is the left hippocampus, and the dots are the transparent rectangle camera

probes, and the squares are the cubic areas of radius the camera has mapped.

This is not to scale it’s just an example of how to map the hippocampus in sections with this camera, and

see the electro chemical signals in the whole hippocampus by placing lots of cameras together in certain

distances from each other depending how far the rectangle cameras can see.

Transparent rectangle camera probes. Hippocampus.

Areas of cubic radius the transparent rectangle camera has seen, and organized into 3D

It is possible to use some computer system to organize the neurons this camera see’s into a 3D image, I

have even heard of people taking the time to map neurons so mapping the neurons should not be a

problem.

But what I am really interested in is seeing how memory is encoded, finding out what neuron holds what

memory, when an animal is shown a certain visual, or sound stimulus.

I want to find out what groups of neurons hold what memory, that’s my interest.

I am hoping you can give me to build this idea, this transparent rectangle camera is going to be

combined with this re-engineered Gamma Knife below to ionize certain neurons that we can identify

that contain disease, and treat.

It could possibly help with Parkinson’s disease, because the beginnings of Parkinson’s disease start at

the molecular level.

I am hoping to get funding to build this camera, and this re-engineered Gamma Knife.

Everything about this idea can be improved by you giving me feedback on how to improve the idea.

I hope we can discuss this idea, and how to improve it.

When a person is shown a certain visual, or sound stimulus, certain neurons in the brain get activated. With MRI, and the BOLD signal Blood-oxygen-level dependent contrast imaging, or BOLD-contrast imaging, is a method used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe different areas of the brain or other organs, which are found to be active at any given time. Neurons do not have internal reserves of energy in the form of sugar and oxygen, so their firing causes a need for more energy to be brought in quickly.

Through a process called the hemodynamic response, blood releases oxygen to them at a greater rate than to inactive neurons. This causes a difference in magnetic susceptibility between oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin (between oxygenated or deoxygenated blood). Although most fMRI research uses BOLD contrast imaging as a method to determine which parts of the brain are most active, because the signals are relative, and not individually quantitative, some question its rigor. Other methods which propose to measure neural activity directly have been attempted (for example, measurement of the Oxygen Extraction Fraction, or OEF, in regions of the brain, which measures how much of the oxyhemoglobin in the blood has been converted to deoxyhemoglobin[3]), but because the electromagnetic fields created by an active or firing neuron are so weak, the signal-to-noise ratio is extremely low and statistical methods used to extract quantitative data have been largely unsuccessful so far. But all you are seeing on a screen is basically what neurons need blood, and oxygen, when the certain groups of neurons are activated by a certain visual, or sound stimulus. You cannot say really that these neurons that are activated from needing blood, and oxygen, are associated with a certain specific memory. At the magnification resolution scale of typical MRI machines, these MRI machines cannot tell you really what is happening in the brain. At Stanford, researchers can use a camera inserted into a mouse brain to see neurons firing in real time, at 60 microns. This transparent rectangle camera idea came from the work researchers at Stanford did with their microscope camera, here is some more info about what they did below.

If you want to read a mouse's mind, it takes some fluorescent protein and a tiny microscope

implanted in the rodent's head. Stanford scientists have demonstrated a technique for observing

hundreds of neurons firing in the brain of a live mouse, in real time, and have linked that activity to

long-term information storage. The unprecedented work could provide a useful tool for studying new

therapies for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.

The researchers first used a gene therapy approach to cause the mouse's neurons to express a

green fluorescent protein that was engineered to be sensitive to the presence of calcium ions. When

a neuron fires, the cell naturally floods with calcium ions. Calcium stimulates the protein, causing

the entire cell to fluoresce bright green.

A tiny microscope implanted just above the mouse's hippocampus – a part of the brain that is

critical for spatial and episodic memory – captures the light of roughly 700 neurons. The microscope

is connected to a camera chip, which sends a digital version of the image to a computer screen.

The computer then displays near real-time video of the mouse's brain activity as a mouse runs

around a small enclosure, which the researchers call an arena.

The neuronal firings look like tiny green fireworks, randomly bursting against a black background,

but the scientists have deciphered clear patterns in the chaos.

"We can literally figure out where the mouse is in the arena by looking at these lights," said Mark

Schnitzer, an associate professor of biology and of applied physics and the senior author on the

paper, recently published in the journal Nature Neuroscience.

When a mouse is scratching at the wall in a certain area of the arena, a specific neuron will fire and

flash green. When the mouse scampers to a different area, the light from the first neuron fades and

a new cell sparks up.

"The hippocampus is very sensitive to where the animal is in its environment, and different cells

respond to different parts of the arena," Schnitzer said. "Imagine walking around your office. Some

of the neurons in your hippocampus light up when you're near your desk, and others fire when

you're near your chair. This is how your brain makes a representative map of a space."

The group has found that a mouse's neurons fire in the same patterns even when a month has

passed between experiments. "The ability to come back and observe the same cells is very

important for studying progressive brain diseases," Schnitzer said.

For example, if a particular neuron in a test mouse stops functioning, as a result of normal neuronal

death or a neurodegenerative disease, researchers could apply an experimental therapeutic agent

and then expose the mouse to the same stimuli to see if the neuron's function returns.

Although the technology can't be used on humans, mouse models are a common starting point for

new therapies for human neurodegenerative diseases, and Schnitzer believes the system could be a

very useful tool in evaluating pre-clinical research.

You can see the video on youtube, type in Scientists Read a Mouse's Mind.

I want to see if the Gamma Knife, or Linear Accelerator can be modified, upgraded, and re-engineered and pushed to its maximum potential limit to be able to ionize neurons on the micron scale, around a cubic area 20 microns in size. The way the Gamma Knife works is that a person is put into the Gamma Knife machine head first.

Gamma Knife uses many beams of radiation from multiple angles to target one specific area in the brain.

Alone, each beam is too weak to damage the healthy tissue through which the beams travel.

Where the beams meet, however, the combined radiation is strong enough to treat the area.

The neurosurgeon will fit you with a light-weight, stabilizing head frame in preparation for your treatment. The stability frame ensures

your head remains in the same position throughout the procedure.

The Gamma Knife team prepares a personalized treatment plan for each patient. The team uses CT, MRI and/or angiography

images that show the precise size, shape and location of the area that requires treatment. Using specially designed computer

software and these images, the team prepares a plan the will be used to program the Gamma Knife equipment to automatically

deliver the exact dose and number of beams of radiation needed to produce the very best possible results for that particular patient.

The source of the radiation is called cobalt-60.

Approximately 200 beams of this radiation are focused on the specific target from many different angles. Although there are a lot of

beams of radiation, the dose of each beam is low enough so they don’t damage the tissue through which they travel on their way to

the target. It is only when they meet at the target that the combined dose becomes strong enough to destroy the target tissue.The

smallest area the Gamma Knife can treat a tumor in the brain is 2mm to 4mm, but can the Gamma Knife treat an area in the brain

smaller than this, and treat an area as small as 0.1mm or less.

you could make the holes the Gamma Knife beams go through, smaller to make the beams thinner in width, with the Gamma Knife

beams made thinner, it would make where the gamma knife beams meet in the center, it would make a smaller meet area, so as to

treat a smaller area in the brain.

This way it can be possible to eliminate neurons on smaller scales, like on the micron scale.

I want to see if it’s possible to eliminate groups of neurons in an area in the brain smaller than 0.1mm, which is 1000 neurons.

The yet to be built INUMAC MRI machine can magnify an image in the human brain up to 0.1 mm, which is around 1000 neurons in

the human brain., so this advanced re-engineered gamma knife machine, has to be combined with the INUMAC, or the 17t Bruker

Biospec MRI machine which is used on animals, to see the electro chemical changes happening in the brain in real time.

So it should be possible to eliminate groups of neurons at the 0.1mm scale if the Gamma knife can be modified/upgraded for a beam of radiation to be able to meet in the center of a target area smaller than 0.1mm, where the beginnings of Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s start.

Can you answer these numbered question to help with my research?

A gamma wavelength is as small as 10 picometre’s, the width of an atom is 32 picometre’s, so a gamma wavelength is small enough to pass through something as small as an atom.

So a gamma wavelength could easily pass through a pipe with an aperture (hole) that is small enough to collimate the beam, to be around 20, to 15 microns in width.

A single neuron ranges in size from 4, to 100 microns, so a group of 20 neurons should be housed inside a cubic area of around 80

microns, which is the cubic target of neurons I want to ionize.

So the beams of Gamma radiation come out of the Cobalt sources holes, how small can the holes be in order to make the gamma beams of radiation smaller.

The smaller the holes the more thinly the gamma beams are going to be.

With them being thinner, that means the meet area in the center where all the beams meet is going to be smaller.

The question is how thin can the beams be made thinner, and with the beams being made thinner, from the smaller holes, how

much will this make the meet area in the center smaller.

Just using two Gamma Knife beams of radiation, on a 3D target in the brain, will make the smallest meet area where the beams come together in the center.

Using more than two Gamma Knife beams, say 20 beams will make a larger cubic target radius area, where all 20 beams come together in the meet area in the center.

Just using two beams of Gamma Knife radiation makes the smallest meet area in the center, rather than using 20 beams.

A cubic target area of a group of 20 neurons in the brain, 80 microns small, not to scale.

The Question is are two beams of Gamma Knife radiation around 0.1mm small in width, do the two Gamma Knife beams have enough dose to affect, or eliminate a group of neurons a 3D target of a group of neurons 0.1mm small.

If not could the Cobalt sources be increased in size, and shape to make the gamma beams more intense, to make up for the Gamma Knife beams being thinner?

Because the beams are now thinner in width, than a regular sized Gamma Knife beam, and as small as 0.1mm they are weaker to

affect a target.

The whole point of these questions is to see if the meet area in the center, where all the gamma beams come together, can be

made smaller.

The smaller the meet area, by making the beams of radiation thinner I think is the key to making the beams meet in an area smaller than 2mm, or 0.1mm which is my goal, this is what I want to achieve.

Where all the beams meet to I want to see if this new Gamma knife can eliminate a group of 20,to 50 neurons, or smaller.

Imagine there are Gamma Knife beams below, as you add more Gamma Knife beams to the target in the center the area where

they all meet in the center gets bigger, the more beams you add to the target the larger the dot gets in the center. If all the Gamma Knife beams all come together in the center of a target, they cannot help but make a large radius area dot in the center, like in the diagram below, in the center there is a big dot, the more beams you add the bigger this dot gets in the center.

As more, and more Gamma Knife beams are added to the target in the center the dot in the center gets larger, and larger

Here are some of my ideas below, to modify the Gamma Knife, to make the Gamma Knife beams thinner in width in order to affect, or eliminate a target area of a group of neurons in the brain around 0.1mm small.

Where the beginnings of Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s start.

So could we work together, and build a small metal pipe like this below, that would be in two pieces, and stages of size.

From the left to the right, the second pipe would have the largest aperture funnel shaped hole in the center to let the most of the

Gamma Knife beams go through.

Then as the Gamma Knife beams are funneled through the second pipe, the beams then pass into first pipe with an even smaller hole, making the beams even smaller, collimating the beams to around 20 microns in width.

So the Gamma Knife beams get smaller as they go through the pipes.

So the Gamma Knife beams are being forced into the first pipe that has the smallest hole, the hole is small enough to collimate the beams to around 20 microns in width

Cobalt source, it could be modified to make stronger Gamma Knife beams, to make up for the Gamma Knife beams being thinner.

Increasing the source could make stronger intensity beams, and the shape of the cobalt source, being square shaped could help

with beam intensity.

Second stage pipe has the funnel shaped aperture hole to direct the gamma beams, to collimate the Gamma beams into the first stage aperture pipe.

This aperture (hole) can be made Shorter in length, if it would help in

Beam intensity.

A square shaped cobalt source could help with beam intensity, as well as size, of the Cobalt 60 source. Other elements in the periodic table of elements could make more

Stronger intense gamma beams.

Protective shielding. The hole in the center where the Gamma Knife beams pass through, gets narrower going from left to right like this diagram below.

Hole the Gamma Knife beams pass through in the first stage pipe. This pipe can be shortened to help the Gamma Knife beams pass through better.

As the Gamma Knife Beams go through the hole in the third, second stage of the pipe the hole gets narrower, to concentrate all the beams into the smallest first stage pipe with the smallest hole. Remember the target of a group of neurons would be no further than three inches away from the edge of the first stage pipe

aperture. Three inches away from the edge of the first stage pipe aperture.

If this idea cannot work, can this extra modification below to the first 0.1mm pipe, help make the Gamma Knife beams travel through the first pipe better, and make the Gamma Knife beams go completely through the 0.1mm pipe.

As well as Gamma Knife beams passing through the second pipe into the first pipe, with the 0.1mm hole. Can small Cobalt sources be built into the first pipe with the 0.1mm hole? The Cobalt sources the Gamma Knife beams come from would be built into the first pipe.

The Cobalt source would be built as close to the hole in the center, of the 0.1mm pipe as possible, where the original Gamma Knife beam passes through, to help the beam going through the center have more intensity to ionize the neurons.

These parts of the aperture can be adjusted up, and down to collimate the beam more thinly, or make the beam wider. Original Gamma

Knife beam

So the Gamma Knife beams flow from the Cobalt sources built into the first pipe, and the holes from the Cobalt sources are built are narrow as possible to make the beams join up with the original Gamma Knife beam in the center. So the Gamma Knife beam in the center is being made stronger, by all the other Gamma Knife beams from the small Cobalt

sources. If the Gamma Knife beam in the center is weak, or scatters and the beam cannot get through the 0.1mm pipe the extra Cobalt sources built into the pipe give the Gamma Knife beam more power to get through the 0.1mm hole.

Please note the first metal pipe in the diagram above, is five inches in length, if there is a problem with this pipe being too long in length for the Gamma Knife beams to travel through it could be made smaller in length to around three inches, if this helps the beam pass through better.

Here is a close up of the Cobalt sources built into the first metal pipe below.

See how the small Cobalt sources send a small beam of Gamma Knife Radiation, (shown by the arrow) through a hole, and the Gamma Knife Beam joins up with the original Gamma Knife beam going through the

Center, to make the original Gamma Knife beam Powerful more intense. Small cobalt source built into the first pipe. We have to build the Cobalt sources, as small as possible,

So we can fit lots of them into the first pipe, as many as possible. The more Cobalt sources there are means more Gamma Knife beams going through, joining up with the original Gamma Knife

Beam passing through the center.

Original Gamma Knife beam passing through the center.

So if the Cobalt sources are built as small as possible, that means that we can get lots of Cobalt sources into the first pipe, so we can get as many Cobalt sources into the first pipe as possible so that more Gamma Knife beams can join up with the original Gamma Knife beams going through the center of the pipe.

So in the first pipe all the space in the pipe is completely used up, filled with Cobalt sources, the more there are means more Gamma Knife beams going through to join up, with the original Gamma Knife beam going through the center. So how much would it cost to build and make the modified metal pipe?

Can we work together and build a prototype of this pipe, to help with Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s disease.

This new Gamma Knife Idea is going to work best with the yet to be built INUMAC MRI machine will be able to magnify an image in the brain up to 0.1mm which is around 1000 neurons.

INUMAC MRI machine below.

There’s no telling what researchers might learn from watching the progression of neurological disease on this scale with the

INUMAC. There is still much to discover about how Alzheimer’s disease eats away at the tissue of the brain — and a higher resolution scanner could detect the onset of disease much earlier than currently possible.

Functional imaging, which follows brain activity by watching neuron excitation, could be taken to a whole new level of detail and reveal structural complexities we currently cannot see. Where normal hospital scanners can see down to resolution of about a cubic millimeter (roughly 10,000 neurons per pixel), INUMAC will be able to see roughly ten times more acutely, with a resolution of 0.1

mm, or 1000 neurons, and observe changes inside the living brain occurring at 1/10 of a second. This will be a huge leap forward for brain researchers, allowing them to learn more about how the brain functions.

As you can see in the diagram above the Gamma Knife beams to not all meet in the center they just target the parts of the neurons in the circuit affect it, so that there is no big radius dot happening from all the beams coming together, and meeting in the center.

So the Gamma Knife beams can affect a smaller area of a circuit of neurons, by just targeting neurons with single beams, at each point in the circuit, because all the beams meeting together in the center would make a larger meet area in the center. Just using two beams on a circuit of neurons COULD erase the spatial task memory in the rat’s hippocampus.

Here are a problem with this idea that you may want answers to.

1. If Gamma Knife beams can be made small enough to target an area 0.1mm, or smaller, there is not enough dose to affect a group of neurons 0.1mm small in the brain.

Using a larger Cobalt source could help with beam intensity.

Using wider cobalt source holes in the first stage pipe Could help better with beam intensity, because there Are more waves coming through to help the original

Beam going through the center with intensity.

Answer If two Gamma Knife beams small enough to target an area 0.1mm or smaller is not enough then just use three, or four or

more Gamma Knife beams, until the right dose is enough to treat eliminate that size group if neurons. Or could the strength of the Cobalt sources be made stronger to make stronger Gamma Knife beams to affect the neurons more than a standard Gamma Knife beam used to treat tumors.

It depends how strong Cobalt sources can make Gamma Knife beams, if they can be made stronger than a regular Gamma Knife beam than it can work.

2. The gamma beams can be collimated enough in width in the aperture in the first stage pipe to make a beam spread around 80 microns in length, The beam spread leaves the aperture to the target three inches way. So the target three inches away from the aperture, and the target would be a cubic area 80 microns in size.

3. Gamma beams 20 microns in width do not need a computer system to control them from drifting, from equipment moving around, or from vibrations in the room, or temperature problems.

These are the latest ideas I have thought of to modify, and upgrade the Gamma Knife. With this new Gamma Knife it could be possible to target an area smaller than 4mm. This new Gamma Knife could be the next step

in advancing the Gamma Knife. This new modified Gamma Knife idea could help cure the beginnings of Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease, because it can target neurons at the 0.1mm scale. The uses for this new Gamma Knife could go even further, and it could be combined with Optogenetics, and it could even erase specific memories in mice, or other laboratory animals,

because it can target groups of neurons at the 0.1mm scale, which is around 1000 neurons. Also this Gamma Knife would be more specific in targeting, and erasing memories than Zeta Inhibitory Peptide. Can you let me know what you think, and discuss this idea with other neuroscientists, and give some feedback on this idea, and I

want to work together with neuroscientists, at your University to build this new modified Gamma Knife pipe. I am asking for grant funding to build this new modified Gamma Knife pipe, or do you know anyone, or Organization, that can help with grant funding for this idea.

This new modified Gamma Knife is only going to be around 10 inches in length so it will not cost a lot of money to build a prototype we can test. To see if this is idea is possible we need to build a prototype of the pipe in the diagrams that I sent to you, which is around 10 inches

in horizontal length, and around an inch to half an inch in vertical length. How much is a prototype this small going to cost to build, would the company you work for be interested in funding to build this prototype Gamma Knife machine. We need to test a prototype of this idea, and try a lot of different experiments with the pipe to see if it works, how the Gamma Knife beams respond, and react to different types of testing with the last stage pipe, to see how small the Gamma Knife beams can be made to target a area as small as 0.1mm which is around 1000 neurons. If this idea does work, it could stop the spread of Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's, without using drugs. Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's start at the molecular level, if the beginnings of these diseases, can be seen with the INUMAC MRI machine, and where these disease's starts to spread at these molecular levels, using this new modified Gamma Knife machine so that smaller beams can affect, or eliminate these neurons on the scale of 0.1mm, could stop the spread of Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease P ermanently. We need to build, and test this pipe to see if it can make a Gamma Knife beam as small as 0.1mm. Testing is the only way we are going to know how the Gamma Beams are going to react within the pipe. We cannot assume how small a Gamma Knife beam can be made, unless we test the pipe. Let me know if you have any problems. Best regards,

Nicholas Lee.