Presented to: Dr. Mona EidPresented by: Yomna ElHossaryMasters in Applied Linguistics ProgramAlexandria University and AASTMT Egypt

Brain Injuries and Language Disorder

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Agenda

I. Brain’s AnatomyII. Language disorder caused by

brain injuries

I. Brain’s Anatomy

Cerebrum: is a thin layer in the outermost surface of the brain that is responsible for language functioning

4 lobes : frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe

Only frontal and temporal lobes are responsible for language inside the brain

II. Language Disorders caused by Brain Injuries

a. Aphasia b. Dementia

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“McNeil and Pratt defined aphasia as a multimodal physiological impairment

related to language inefficiency after brain tissue damage in the language dominant

hemisphere, and this impairment also impacts other language or symbol related processes “(2001, p.907, cited in Pompon

2013 , p.1)

a. Aphasia

Injuries due to:Tumors Strokesaffecting brain tissues responsible for language ability

-Causes

Expressive (Broca’s)Receptive ( Wernicke’s)

Global

-Types of Aphasia:-

Broca’s area is responsible for language structuring and production

This kind of language disorder is caused by the damage in the left frontal lobe

Patients suffer from:- - difficulty in responding - using mainly nouns - very short ill-formed sentences e.g.: they may say ;“chair back room lamp” to mean; “ on the chair at the back of the living room beside a lamp”

- Expressive Aphasia(Broca’s / non-fluent)

Wernicke’s area is responsible for language comprehension

This kind of language disorder is caused by the damage in the left temporal lobe

Patients suffer from:- - difficulty in understanding what is said - producing very fluent and quick incomprehensible speech - the use of neologism (new words) e.g.: they may say ;“the book on the trit over there” to mean; “the shelf”

Receptive Aphasia(Wernicke’s/Fluent)

This kind of aphasia is the most severe one as it affects the whole brain areas

Patients suffer from:- - difficulty in understanding what is said - difficulty in producing language

Global Aphasia

According to Alzheimer's Association (2016) ,the word dementia describes a set of symptoms that may include

memory loss and difficulties with thinking, problem-solving or

language.

B. Dementia

Injuries due to : tumors, strokes as well as damages in the brain tissues

- Causes

Alzheimer (communication impairment and memory loss)

Fronto-temporal dementia (difficulty with language production and behavior change)

Types that cause language disorder

Brain has lobes responsible for language functioning When these lobes are damaged because of injuries they

cause language disability like; Aphasia and Dementia Aphasia has 3 types :- - Expressive (language production deficiency) - Receptive (language comprehension deficiency) - Global (affecting both production and comprehension)

Dementia has 2 types related to language disorder:- - Alzheimer (affecting memory and communication ability) - Fronto-temporal (affecting language production and behavior)

Summary

Labreche, T., Plotkin, A., Szilva, M. .(May-June 2016). Empowering Individuals with Aphasia and Visual Impairments through Effective Communication .Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness. 183-187.

Pompon, R. (2013) Examining Inhibition During Spoken Word Production in Aphasia (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved from UMI. (3588841)

Alzeimer’s Association http://www.alz.org/dementia/types-of-dementia.asp https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/aphasia

References

Thank You!