Border Control! Active & Passive Transport across cell lines! After this lecture you will be able to Part 1: Understand Diffusion and concentration gradients Part 2: Understand types of Passive Transport (Diffusion, Osmosis, facilitated diffusion) Part 3: Understand types of Active Transport Diffusion Molecules move _______where theres _______ ____where theres _______ Animation from:FROM to A LOT NOT DIFFUSION across a space Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another = ________________________ DIFFERENCE Concentration gradient DIFFUSION across a SPACE Molecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient _______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentration EXAMPLES Higher Lower Blue dye in beaker demo, Someone making popcorn/grilling out Strong perfume, Bad smell in roomDOWN from to DIFFUSION across a space Diffusion continues until the concentration is ________________ in space = ________________________ Equilibriumequal everywhere Molecules need to move across membranes in cells Image modified from: Diffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell, too as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________ across membrane pass through SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE (Semi-permeable)See a movie Video from: DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood)CELL EXAMPLE: CO 2 automatically moves from where there is a HIGHER concentration (in blood) to where there is a lower concentration (in lungs) Kidspiration by: Riedell Kinds of ________ Transport Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion __________________________________ ___________________________________ PASSIVE DIFFUSION across a membrane Happens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other DIFFERENCE Molecules that move by diffusion across membranes in cells: ______________ OXYGEN CARBON DIOXIDESee diffusion animation concentration OSMOSIS = SPECIAL KIND OF DIFFUSION IMAGE by RIEDELL See osmosis animation ____________ __________ OSMOSIS DIFFUSION Movement of molecules across a _________________ membrane from ______ concentration to _____ Semi-permeable Higher lower VOCAB _____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution _____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved SOLUTE EX: Koolaid powder = solute Water = solvent Koolaid drink = solution SOLVENT __________________ = mass of a solute in a given volume of solution CONCENTRATION The _______ molecules there are in a given volume the ____________the concentration Images by Riedell MORE GREATER See a video clip about OSMOSIS -7B See an animation Osmosis1 Osmosis1Animation: What if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules cant move across a membrane? WATER will move until concentration reaches equilibrium **Write: Water can move across freely, so it tries to help out and moves over to the high solute side to dilute it. OSMOSIS HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell More water leaves cell than enters so cell ____________ GREATER THAN shrinks See an animation OSMOSIS 4 Animation from: Cell in Hypertonic Solution CELL 15% NaCL 85% H 2 O 5% NaCL 95% H 2 O What is the direction of water movement? ENVIRONMENT OSMOSIS HYPOTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cell More water enters than leaves cell so cell will ___________________ LESS THAN Swell and possibly burst See an animation Osmosis3 Osmosis3 Animation from: Cell in Hypotonic Solution CELL 10% NaCL 90% H 2 O 20% NaCL 80% H 2 O What is the direction of water movement? OSMOSIS ISOTONIC: Concentration outside cell __________ concentration inside cell Water entering = water leaving so cell _____________________ EQUALS STAYS THE SAME SIZE Cell in Isotonic Solution CELL 10% NaCL 90% H 2 O 10% NaCL 90% H 2 O What is the direction of water movement? The cell is at _______________. equilibrium ENVIRONMENT NO NET MOVEMENT Isotonic Solution NO NET MOVEMENT OF H 2 O (equal amounts entering & leaving) Hypotonic Solution Cell Swells & may burst Hypertonic Solution Cell shrivels up Animal cells Osmosis in Red Blood Cells Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic Facilitated Diffusion _______ proteins help diffusion go faster Carrier FACILITATED DIFFUSION No energy required = __________________ Moves _________ concentration gradient from ________________________ _____________________ grab molecule, change shape, and flip to other side (Like a revolving door) Molecules that move this way in cells: _______________________ PASSIVE Membrane proteins GLUCOSE HIGHER to LOWER DOWN Facilitated Diffusion Animation from: Kidspiration by: Riedell BUT. What if a cell needs to move _____ or ______ molecules?LARGEPOLAR What if cell needs to move a molecule _________ the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT? _______________ Cell example: Want to put MORE glucose into mitochondria when there is already glucose in there (LOWER HIGHER) Image from:AGAINST What if cell needs to move molecules really _______? (cant wait for it to diffuse) Cell example: Movement of Na + & K + ions required to send nerve signalsFAST We need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________ WAYHELP cant go themselves Kinds of ________Transport Sodium-Potassium Pump Endocytosis Exocytosis ________________________________________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________ ACTIVE See a video clip about Na + -K + pump -7D Sodium (Na+)- Potassium (K+) Pump Animation from:See a movie See a movie about Na+ - K+ pump Sodium-Potassium pump ___________ transport (requires energy from ______) Special just for Na + and K + ions Uses integral ___________________ to move molecules Examples in nerve cells: Na + is pumped out of cells at same time K + is taken into cells ACTIVE Carrier Proteins ATP See a video clip about Endo/exocytosis -7E ENDOCYTOSIS Takes substances into cell _____________transport (requires __________ from ______) Uses small membrane sacs called ______________ to carry substances ACTIVE VESICLESenergy ATP 2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSIS Takes substances into cell If taking in: fluid or small molecules =_________________ large particles or whole cells =______________ Examples in cells: one celled organisms eat this way white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way PINOCYTOSIS PHAGOCYTOSIS Pinocytosis Called Cell DrinkingCalled Cell Drinking ENDOCYTOSIS Animation from: PHAGOCYTOSIS ___________ destroying _______ White blood cell germs Called Cell Eating EXOCYTOSIS Substances released outside of cell __________ transport (requires __________) Substances move in____________ Examples in cells: _________ release packaged proteins this way ACTIVE VESICLES energy GOLGI Exocytosis GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Animation from:See a Golgi movie Video: Endocytosis & Exocytosis Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosis endo/exocytosis Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosisendo/exocytosis Choose Screen/Switch programs to view Videos from: INSULIN being released by pancreas cells using exocytosis Plant cellsCELL WALL _____ keeps Plant cells from bursting VACUOLES store WATER_____________________________ = Pressure exerted by water during osmosis OSMOTIC PRESSURE SO WHAT? Sitting in the bathtub causes your fingers and toes to wrinkle up when water ________ your skin cells by osmosis Bath water is ________________ compared to you hypotonic enters Grocery stores spray water on their veggies to plump them up SO WHAT?