BOOK2Unit8

Structure Survey

Questions Answering

BOOK2Unit8

Part I

Part Ⅱ

Part Ⅲ

Part Ⅳ

I. Structure Survey

The conclusion drawn from a survey.

Students’ major objective.

The opinion of educating people for life as well as for a career.

The duty of education.

(Para.1 － 4)

(Para. 5 － 8)

(Para. 9 － 12)

(Para. 13 － 19)

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II. Questions Answering

Part I (Para.1 － 4)

: What is the conclusion drawn from the survey based on the responses from over 188,000 students?

college beginners

consumeristic idealistic

TipsTips

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Part Ⅱ (Para. 5 － 8)developing a meaningful philosophy of life is less important than ever.

facts facts

the most popular course, teaching, social service humanities, at a low, business programs, engineering, computer …

a friend of mine, twice the salary, college instructors, first year, job, before completing two-year associate degree

An argument:

Tips Tips

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Part Ⅲ (Para. 9 － 12)

: What do most people between 30 and 50 finally become aware of ?

Work is not the only thing

they live for, and they are

meant to do more.

TipsTips

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Part Ⅳ (Para. 13 － 19)

: According to the text, what is the duty of educational institutions?

To help students become

aware of the meaning of

life earlier.

TipsTips

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Part Ⅳ (Para. 13 － 19)

: What does education teach us to see?

connections things

immediate needs

TipsTips

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Part Ⅳ (Para. 13 － 19)

: How can we improve our moral sense?

knowledge accumulate ages

TipsTips

moral sense

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It is a sense relating to the standards of good or bad behavior, fairness, honesty, etc. in which each person believes, ratherthan to laws, or other standards.

What is moral sense?

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For example, we honor promises, play games by the rules, wait for our turn in line, cooperate with others to achieve a common goal, are courteous to strangers, help people in distress, and join campaigns that benefit others but not ourselves, out of a sense of duty, a belief in fairness, and sympathy.

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Part Ⅳ (Para. 13 － 19)

: What is the implication of the cartoon mentioned in the text?

proper education

difficult moral sense

TipsTips

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Part Ⅳ (Para. 13 － 19)

: What is the writer’s hope for education?

educators career

realize more life job

TipsTips

Paraphrase

Translation

Grammar Focus

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1. It has often been remarked that the saddest thing about youth is that it is wasted on the young. (L1)

It has often been said that the saddest thing about youth is that youth, i.e. the opportunities, good health, etc. that are available when people are young, are wasted or not appreciated by young people.

It + be + It + be + 过去分词过去分词 + that + that 从句从句

这是一种惯用结构，常用的动词有：这是一种惯用结构，常用的动词有： say, report, say, report, expect, prove, suppose, estimate expect, prove, suppose, estimate 等。等。 (examples)(examples)

人们常说，对于青春来说，最令人悲伤的事人们常说，对于青春来说，最令人悲伤的事

情莫过于青春在年轻时被浪费掉了。情莫过于青春在年轻时被浪费掉了。

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1. It is said that the original painting has been destroyed.

据说原画已经毁掉了。2. It is expected that prices will go down.预计物价将会下降。

3. It is feared that the plane crashed somewhere off the coast.

人们担心飞机在近海某处坠毁了。

Examples

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2. … “If only I knew then what I know now.” (L3)

“要是当初我就懂得了我到现在才领悟到的东西，该有多好！”If only I could speak several foreign languages!If only I could speak several foreign languages!

If only he were more cautious!If only he were more cautious!

If only she hadn’t said those silly words!If only she hadn’t said those silly words!

If only 后用虚拟语气

谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望，常译为“要是 …… 就好了”。

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3. … if it (whatever it may be) won’t compute and you can’t drink it, smoke it or spend it, then “it” holds little value. (L6)If something (no matter what it may be) cannot be counted in terms of money and you cannot drink it, smoke it or spend it, then it is of little value. In short, only material things are of value to young people.

Here the verb “compute” is used in notional Here the verb “compute” is used in notional passive, that is, it is active in form but passive in passive, that is, it is active in form but passive in meaning. ( meaning. ( 动词的主动形式表示被动意义动词的主动形式表示被动意义 ))

…… 如果某种东西（不管它是何物）没有实际的经济意义， 你不能把它当酒喝、当烟抽、当钱花，那么“它”就简直毫无价值。

More examples

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某些及物动词后加副词（有些可不加副词）可以表示被动意义。

This novel sells well.

The door opens with difficulty.

He doesn’t photograph well.

比较： The box doesn’t lock.

The box was not locked.

这个箱子锁不上。（箱子本身的性质）

这个箱子没有上锁。（箱子当时的状态）

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4. … today’s college beginners are “more consumeristic and less idealistic ” than at any time in the seventeen years of the poll. (L8)The poll has been conducted for 17 years, and it reveals that college beginners nowadays think of consuming goods more than ever, and believe in idealism less than ever.

…… 当今的大学新生比这项民意测验开始以来的 17 年中任何时候的大学新生都“更主张消费 , 更缺少理想”。

consumeristic: believing in spending money andidealism: trying to live according to high

buying goods

principles and perfect standards

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5. In a time of increasing specialization, a time when 90 percent of all the scientists who have ever lived are currently alive, more than ever, we need to know what is truly important in life. (L30)在一个日益专业化的时代，在一个本时代所有科学家中 90% 都还健在的时代里，我们比过去任何时候更需了解什么是生活中真正重要的东西。

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(Social security)

6. Most people, in their youth, resent the Social Security deductions from their pay, yet a seemingly few short years later find them- selves standing anxiously by the mailbox. (L41)大多数人在年轻的时候怨恨社会保障制度从他们

工资中扣钱，然而好像只是短短几年后，他们就

发觉自己正焦急地站在信箱旁边 ( 等待养老金支

票 ) 了。

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7. And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—be they scientific or artistic. (L46)

And we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—no matter which field they are in, science or art.

““be they scientific or artistic ”be they scientific or artistic ” 为虚拟语气结构。为虚拟语气结构。 e.g. e.g. Be they common people or high-ranking Be they common people or high-ranking officials, they stand equal before the law. officials, they stand equal before the law.

而且正因为我们理解了这些在其他领域的贡献—不管它们是科学方面的，还是艺术方面的贡献—我们才变得更有本领了。

Old to New

Chinese to English

Word Using

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so; for the reasonunbelievable

givecompany

a job; employmentconfusemeeting

accordingly incredible render corporation occupation puzzle conference

I. Old to New

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II. Chinese to English

人生哲学非正式民意调查

销售代理人眼前的需求

社会保障 / 保险 ( 制度 )

明辨是非专业化

教育机构

philosophy of life

informal polls

educational institutions

a sales representative

immediate needs social security distinguish right from wrong

specialization

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1. enroll (L16)

v. become or make (sb.) a member (of sth.)

TranslationTranslation

① ① 这所大学去年招收了大约一万名学生。这所大学去年招收了大约一万名学生。② ② 他三年前参加了海军。他三年前参加了海军。KeyKey①① The university enrolled about 10,000 students The university enrolled about 10,000 students last year.last year.②② He enrolled in the navy three years ago.He enrolled in the navy three years ago.

III. Word Using

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2. confine (L38)

v. keep sb./sth. within certain limits

TranslationTranslation① ① A bad cold confined him to his bed.A bad cold confined him to his bed.② ② By closing the infected farms we’re hoping to By closing the infected farms we’re hoping to confine confine the disease. the disease.③ ③ At the weekly meeting, everyone must confine his At the weekly meeting, everyone must confine his remarks to the subject. remarks to the subject.

KeyKey

①① 他患重感冒卧病在床。他患重感冒卧病在床。

②② 我们希望通过关闭受感染的农场来阻止疾病的 我们希望通过关闭受感染的农场来阻止疾病的 蔓延 蔓延。。

③③ 在每周例会上，每个人的发言都不能离开会议在每周例会上，每个人的发言都不能离开会议 议题。 议题。

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render

help/aid/assistance (to)

services (to)

thanks (to)

3. render (L39)

vt. ① (fml) give

Collocation Collocation

e.g.e.g. He is always ready toHe is always ready to render help to othersrender help to others, , so he is the most respectable person in the so he is the most respectable person in the neighborhood.neighborhood.

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render good for evilPhrase

( 以德报怨）

3. render

② (fml) cause sb./sth. to be in a particular state

TranslationTranslation

New technology hasNew technology has renderedrendered my old my old

computer obsolete. computer obsolete.

KeyKey新科技淘汰了我那台老式电脑。新科技淘汰了我那台老式电脑。

render + sb./sth.+ adj.

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more

4. prefer (L44) v. like better

Translation Translation

① I much preferred the old methods.

②② Would you prefer tea or coffee?Would you prefer tea or coffee?

KeyKey

① 我宁可用老办法。②② 你喜欢喝茶还是喝咖啡？你喜欢喝茶还是喝咖啡？

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preferably preferable preference

e.g.e.g.1) He wants a secretary, preferably one who is a 1) He wants a secretary, preferably one who is a

college college

graduate. graduate.

2) Surely a diplomatic solution is preferable to war.2) Surely a diplomatic solution is preferable to war.Usage of “prefer ”Usage of “prefer ”

① prefer + sth./doing (sth.) + to sth./doing (sth.)

② prefer + to do + rather than (to) do

③ prefer + 名 + to do

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5. contribution (L46) n.

TranslationTranslation

中国航天员杨利伟为祖国航天业中国航天员杨利伟为祖国航天业作出了自己巨大的贡献。作出了自己巨大的贡献。

Key Key

Yang Liwei, a Chinese Yang Liwei, a Chinese

astronaut, made his great astronaut, made his great

contribution to the Chinese contribution to the Chinese

aerospace industry.aerospace industry. more

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contribution捐款；捐献（物）；投稿；投稿文章同根词同根词

TranslationTranslation

1)1)宋朝为世界文明作出了三大发明的贡献。宋朝为世界文明作出了三大发明的贡献。

contribute v. attribute v. distribute v.contribute v. attribute v. distribute v.

2)2) 他捐了很多钱给慈善机构。他捐了很多钱给慈善机构。 The Song Dynasty contributed three inventions to world civilization.

He contributed a lot of money to the charity.

Use itUse it

① ① Have you everHave you ever contributed tocontributed to our school our school paper? paper?

② What are the main factors contributing to good health?

Group Discussion

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1. What is “quality of life” and how can it be improved?

2. In what ways do you think education

should benefit students

for their future life?

Tips

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TipsFor some, quality of life means having a job, a family and friends. To others, their measure of quality centers on the ability to afford travel, luxury cars, or a “dream house” .

more

1. What is “quality of life” and how can it be improved?

BOOK2Unit8

good health,

Other factors:

economic condition,

leisure activities

happiness,

control over one’s life,

social roles,

interpersonal relationships,

spiritual well-being,

caring for the environment,

…

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2. In what ways do you think education should benefit students for their future life?

Tips

1. Help to enhance students’ qualities of being a talented person by …

2. Help students develop a positive philosophy of life by … 3. Provide diverse courses to help to improve

students’ practical skills. 4. …

Structure Analysis

Sample

Your Task

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I. Structure Analysis

A Paragraph =

An Argument +

Facts/Reasons

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II. Sample

The most important task for education, as a whole, is to help the youngsters acquire a useful revelation of life’s purpose. Otherwise, they are likely to be very destructive forces of resistance in society throughout their lives. One shocking example is that most of the criminals today are 14 to 24 years old. They lack moral sense and a sense of responsibility to their society and to all people in general. They value everything in terms of money and will do whatever they can to lay their hands on easy money.

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An Argument:An Argument: The most important task for The most important task for education is to help the youngsters acquire a useful education is to help the youngsters acquire a useful revelation of life’s purpose. Otherwise, they are revelation of life’s purpose. Otherwise, they are likely to be very destructive forces of resistance inlikely to be very destructive forces of resistance insociety throughout their lives.society throughout their lives.

Fact 2:

They lack moral sense and a sense of responsibility to their society and to all people in general.

Fact 3:

They value everything in terms of money and will do whatever they can to lay their hands on easy money.

Fact 1: One shocking example is that most of the criminals today are 14 to 24 years old.

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III. Your Task

Write a paragraph, which starts with an argument followed by facts or reasons.

Topic:

It is never too late to take environmental measures.