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BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Light and Life(14-16 October 2015)

International Symposium on

Islamabad

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON LIGHT AND LIFE

List of Sponsoring Organizations

! COMSATS Secretariat, Islamabad, Pakistan! COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT),

Islamabad, Pakistan! Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics

(AS-ICTP), Trieste, Italy! Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Government of

Pakistan! Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan! Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan! National Testing Service (NTS), Islamabad, Pakistan

International Symposium on Light and Life, Oct.14-16, 2015, Islamabad, Pakistan i

Introduction

International Symposium on Light & Life is being jointly organized by the Commission

on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS), and

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan. This is to

celebrate the UNESCO International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies from

14th

to 16th

October 2015, at CIIT, Islamabad. The Symposium is sponsored by:

COMSATS Secretariat, Islamabad, Pakistan

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, Pakistan

Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (AS-ICTP), Trieste,

Italy

Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Government of Pakistan

Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad, Pakistan

Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan

National Testing Service (NTS), Islamabad, Pakistan

The National Centre for Physics (NCP), Islamabad, and COMSTECH Secretariat,

Islamabad, have also extended logistics support for the Symposium.

The Symposium consists of nine Plenary, fourteen Invited, and thirty-one Contributed

Talks, as well as over twenty Poster Presentations, covering a wide range of topics,

including Light Detection & Harvesting; Light Emitting Devices; Light-Matter

Interactions; Light-Based Technologies; Photochemistry & Photobiology;

Optoelectronics & Photonics; Imaging Science; and Quantum Informatics.

Besides Pakistan, the Symposium has participation from twelve countries, including:

USA, UK, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, China, Turkey, Iran, Egypt, Sudan and

Bangladesh.

The Organizing Committee is indebted to a number of individuals, sub-committees and

departments, particularly the Administration and IT departments of CIIT, as well as

COMSATS Internet Services (CIS), Islamabad, for providing valuable support. The

patronage of the Executive Director COMSATS, and the Rector CIIT, is gratefully

acknowledged.

Chairman Organizing Committee

International Symposium on Light and Life, Oct.14-16, 2015, Islamabad, Pakistan ii

Patrons

Imtinan Elahi Qureshi

S. M., Junaid Zaidi

Directors M. Aslam Khan (Chairman)

Joseph Niemela, AS-ICTP, Italy

Arshad S. Bhatti, CIIT, Islamabad

M. Aslam Baig, NCP, Pakistan

M. Yasin Akhtar Raja, UNCC, USA

Zahid Hussain, LBL, USA

Shahid A. Khan, CIIT, Islamabad

Organizing Committee

M. Aslam Khan (Chairman)

Majid Khan

Irfan Hayee

Huma Balouch

Abdul Majid Qureshi

Abid Jan

Abid Mujtaba

Saira Arif

Asghari Gul

Faisal Saeed

Muhammad Umair Hassan

Fasih ud Din Butt

Javaid Anwar

Naveed A. Khan

Technical Committee M. Aslam Khan, CIIT (Chairman)

Arshad S. Bhatti, CIIT, Islamabad

Masroor Ikram, PIEAS, Islamabad

M. Aslam Baig, NCP, Islamabad

Sajid Qamar, CII, Islamabad T

Sabieh Anwar, LUMS, Lahore

Khurram Aziz, CIIT, Islamabad

International Symposium on Light and Life, Oct.14-16, 2015, Islamabad, Pakistan iii

Table of Contents

Plenary Talks

Inventing with Light - A Personal Journey 3 Nabeel A. Riza 3

Integrated Photonics: an Emergent Technology Lighting-up the Future 4 M. Yasin Akhtar Raja 4

III-Nitrides WBG Semiconductor PC's for High Extraction Efficiency of Deep-UV Lighting Technology 6 M. Khizar Bhutta 6

Ultrafast Time-resolved Electron Diffraction studies of Laser Heated Thin Films and Surfaces 7 Hani E. Elsayed-Ali 7

Accelerator based Light Sources of Today and Tomorrow 9 Zahid Hussain 9

Extreme Light Infrastructure- A Pan-European Laser Facility 10 Wolfgang Sandner 10

Applications of Extreme Ultra-Violet Lasers 11 Greg Tallents 11

Optical Nanoscopy 12 Maria Allegrini 12

Application of Synchrotron Radiation in the Study of Organic Molecules on Substrates for Catalysis,

Energy and Magnetic Materials 13 Andrea Goldoni 13

Quantum Error Correction Codes 17 Soon Xin Ng 17

Nonlinear Optics with Superconducting Quantum Circuits 18 Guoqin Ge 18

Coherent Control of the Goos-Hänchen Shift 19 Sajid Qamar 19

Smart Photonic Sensors - Performing for the Environment 20 Nabeel A. Riza 20

Solid State Lighting - Next Generation of Illumination Technology 21 M. Khizar Bhutta 21

Multijunction Solar Cells for Concentrated Photovoltaics 22 Iqbal Chaudhry 22

Spatial Modulation of THz Beams for Imaging Applications 23 Hakan Altan 23

Overcoming Turbidity for Deep-Tissue Imaging 24 Zahid Yaqoob 24

Pioneers in Study of Light- the Forgotten Giants 25 M. Yasin Akhtar Raja 25

Power Saving Using Class of Service Differentiation Mechanism in Extended Reach Fi-Wi Networks 26 Syed Mohammad Hasan Zaidi 26

International Symposium on Light and Life, Oct.14-16, 2015, Islamabad, Pakistan iv

Magneto-Optics Meets Nanoscience 27 Muhammad Sabieh Anwar and Syed Babar Ali 27

Biophotonic Instrumentation – Design to Applications 28 Zahid Yaqoob 28

Optical Diagnostics of Viral & Parasitic Diseases in Edible Oils, Spreads and Ghee 29 Mushtaq Ahmed 29

Polarimetry and its Applications in Biophotonics 30 Masroor Ikram 30

Phase Dependent Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) In a Three Level Atomic System

Using Squeezed Vacuum Reservoir 33 Javaid Anwar 33

Darkened Atom and Temporal Dynamics of Atom Population at the Excited Energy Level 34 Fazal Ghafoor 34

Detailed Surface Photometry of the cD Galaxies NGC 4839 and NGC 4874 35

Gamal B. Ali1

, Eman A. Shaban2

, Magdy Y. Amin3

and M. A. Rassem3

35

A Generic Model of PV Plant Lightning Protection 36 A. Kalair and N. Khan 36

Sol-gel and RF Sputtered AZO Thin Films: Analysis of Oxidation Kinetics in Harsh Environment 38 Samia Tabassum, Eiji Yamasue, Hideyuki Okumura and Keiichi N. Ishihara 38

Facile Perovskite Film Production Method via Precursor Vapor Deposition 39 Fatih Degirmenci1, 2, Fatih Mehmet Coskun 3and Muhammet E. Köse 1,2 39

On the Prospects of Electrical Large Optical Antennas for Energy Harvesting Applications 40 Amir Khurrum Rashid and Mudassar Nauman 40

Design & Analysis of PV Energy to Grid Utility by using String Inverter 42 Osman M. Omer 42

Tripartite Entanglement in Various Cavities under Dipole-Diploe Interaction 43 Salman Khan1 and Munsif Jan2 43

Generating Quantum Resources via System-Environment Interaction 44 Adam Zaman Chaudry 44

Resolution Enhancement using Simultaneous Couple Illumination 45 Anwar Hussain1 and Jose Luis Martínez2 45

Accomplishments and Contributions of Ibn al-Haytham in the Course of Science 46 Tabiba Tasneem Qureshi and Hakim Abdul Hannan 46

Parity-Time Symmetry in Rydberg Atoms 47 Ziauddin1,2, You-Lin Chuang1, Sajid Qamar2 and Ray-Kuang Lee1 47

Laser Cleaning of Historical and Model Papers by 213 nm and 532 nm Pulsed Laser Radiation 48 Saira Arif1,2, Sergey Bushuk3, Andrei Kouzmouk3, Hennady Tatur3, Sergei Batishche3 and Wolfgang Kautek2 48

Trapping the Charge Carriers - An Unusual Way to Make Highly Efficient Polymer Light Emitting

Diodes 50 Muhammad Umair Hassan Error! Bookmark not defined.

Luminescence Spectroscopy of La-Doped TiO2 One-Dimensional Nanostructures 51 Marjan Rajabi 51

International Symposium on Light and Life, Oct.14-16, 2015, Islamabad, Pakistan v

Long-range proximity effect between a spin-triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4 and a ferromagnetic metal

SrRuO3 52 M.S. Anwar1,*, Y. Sugimoto1, Y. J. Shin2,3, S. J. Kang2,3, Y. Tano4, S.R. Lee2,3, R. Ishiguro4,5, S. Yonezawa1, H. Takayanagi4, T. W. Noh2,3 and Y. Maeno1 52

Zero-index-Metamaterial using Dielectric Core-Shell Photonic Crystals 54 Muhammad Faryad 54

Photo-Polymerization of Acrylate Monomers Using a Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser 55 Asghari Gul, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Asma Batool and Saira Arif 55

Effect of Light on the Electron Beam Detection by Faraday Cup 56 M. Z. Khan1,2, S. L . Yap2 and C. S. Wong2 56

Sequential Accomplishments in Optical Networks 57 S. F. Shaukat and Raja J. Amjad 57

Design and Development of Mie Lidar System for Atmospheric Monitoring 58 N. Yasmin, G. R. Mangi. N. Sarwar and S. Qureshi 58

Tunable Millimeter Wave Synthesizer Using Optical Technology 59 M. Irfan Memon1 and Habib Fathallah2 59

List of Unavailable Abstracts 61 A High Repetition Rate Light Source 65 N. Khan and A. Kalair 65

Light Scattering from PEMC Cylinder 67 Khawaja Masood Ahmed, Ahsan Illahi and Malik Mazhar Ali 67

Scattering and Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation by a Sphere 68 Sadia Khatoon and Ahsan Illahi 68

Study of Light Scattering from Nihility Cylinder 69 Malik Mazhar Ali, Ahsan Illahi and Khawaja Masood Ahmed 69

Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Liquid Medium 70 Afsar Bano and Yasir Jamil 70

Photoluminescence Effect on Phosphorous Irradiated ZnO Nanotetrapods Synthesized by Simple

Thermal Oxidation Method 71 Bushra Aziz, Abdul Majid and Nasar Ahmad 71

Entanglement Dynamics of a Single Three Level V-Type Atom Interacting with Two Mode Cavity Field. 72 Ikhlaque Ahmed, Maiyda Arshad and Samia Qadeer 72

Spectroscopic Studies of Soil from the Junction of Indian and Eurasian Tectonic Plates 73 Imran Rehan1, Sami Ul Haq2, Kamran Rehan3 and Riaz Muhammad1† 73

Laser ablation: An effective method to synthesize nanoparticles 74 Kamran Amin1, Rizwan Ahmed2, Muhammad Javed Iqbal1 and M. A Baig2 74

Effects of Light in Society and Daily Life 75 Muhammad Shahzad Shifa and Muhamamd Azhar Iqbal 75

Role of Light in Chemical and Biochemical Analysis 76 Rafia Rehman1, Muhammad Asif Hanif1, Muhammad Zahid1, Zahid Mushtaq1, Rabeea Muzaffar1 and Afsar Bano2 76

Fast Response n-GaN metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM) Photodetector 78 T. Munir1, Z. Muhammad2, M. Fakhar-e-Alam1, A. Shahzad1, N. Amin1 78

International Symposium on Light and Life, Oct.14-16, 2015, Islamabad, Pakistan vi

Scattering of Plane Wave by a Conducting Cylinder 79 Poonam Khan and Ahsan Illahi 79

Three-Dimensional Atom Localization 80 Rahmat Ullah, Muqaddar Abbas and Sajid Qamar 80

Effect of Ambient Gas Pressure on Directed Velocities and Line Profiles in the Expanding Laser

Produced Aluminum Plasma 81 Sadia Haleem, Saira Arif and Mohammad Aslam Khan 81

Spectroscopy of Laser Induced Zinc Plasmas under Different Experimental Conditions of Laser

Irradiance and Ambient Pressures 82 Kamran Rehan and Mohammad Aslam Khan 82

Author Index 83 List of Participants 86

International Symposium on Light and Life, Oct.14-16, 2015, Islamabad, Pakistan 1

Plenary Talks


Inventing with Light - A Personal Journey

Nabeel A. Riza

School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

This talk highlights the inventing process – the preparation involved and the key

steps leading to greater achievements in order to unleash the power of light and

photonic technologies. The journey has humble beginnings as a school student in

Karachi and Lahore, and then goes onto foundational technology training sites in

Chicago, Pasadena, and Schenectady, New York. The works of an optical inventor

solving pressing problems in international level engineering, currently innovating

in the pristine and inspiring environment of Cork, Ireland, are recounted here.


Integrated Photonics: an Emergent Technology Lighting-up the

Future

M. Yasin Akhtar Raja

Physics & Optical Science Dept., and Center for Optoelectronics & Optical

Communications, University of North Carolina, USA

Combination and convergence, of ‘optics and electronics’ started over four-

decades ago which soon became the front-runner as ‘optoelectronics’. And as the

devices dimensions shrank, the efficiency and functionality increased. Soon after

then microelectronics and micro-optics convergence ensued with added

functionality, enhanced efficiency, and significant cost-reduction. More than

quarter of a century the development of active- and passive-nanophotonics took

place both in academia and industry in the form of quantum wells, q-wires and q-

dots and exotic waveguides, and gratings’ structures. However, the

nanophotonics ubiquitous in nature remained enigmatic until recently. Primarily

it is based on ultra-small structures with multiple thin period/aperiodic layers and

arrays of particle clusters. Besides, its historical perspective (without much

understanding but practice), organized scientific and engineering studies started in

late 1970s with pursuit of semiconductors laser diodes (LD) and light-emitting

diodes (LED). The building blocks of such devices are nanometric thin-layers

(quantum-wells and barriers) and subsequently quantum-wires and ribbons, and

dots and particles (atomic and molecular clusters and cells). At fundamental level,

quantum size effects enhance optical interactions and electronic efficiency of the

optoelectronic and photonics processes. This has already revolutionized the

lighting (lasers and light-emitting diodes), photonic signal processing,

telecommunications, biomedical sciences, quantum information processing and

computer technology, display & detection technologies, as well as optical sensing

etc.

Integrated Photonics the next wave of revolution based on microelectronic and

nanophotonics also started almost over a decade ago and has revolutionized the

information, communication and display technologies. Deep down, this can be

further categorized based on final applications, constituent materials, device-


functionality and several other characteristics. We will deliberate from the view

point of device functionality for the categorization of nano- and integrated-

photonics in order to focus the discussion on particular areas of interest. The

presentations will focus on the underlying physical principles and concepts,

materials and fabrication technologies, and example applications of nanoscale

photonic structures (building blocks) and review the building blocks of integrated

photonics and resulting devices’ assemblies.

Of particular interests include various light-generating, confining, and guiding

structures that can produce and control propagation of light (navigate, slow-down,

or change polarization), enhance emission and absorption, and manipulate photons

normal behavior.


III-Nitrides WBG Semiconductor PC's for High Extraction

Efficiency of Deep-UV Lighting Technology

M. Khizar Bhutta

Whirlpool Corporation, Benton Harbor, Michigan, USA, and Center for Optoelectronics

and Optical Communication, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA

While the demand for deep ultraviolet (DUV) light sources is rapidly growing, the

efficiency of current AlGaN-based deep-UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs)

remains very low due to their fundamentally limited light-extraction efficiency,

calling for a novel light extraction efficiency enhancing approach to deliver a real

breakthrough. Efficiency enhancement for AlGaN quantum wells (QWs) based

deep ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with III-nitride photonic

crystals (PCs) on the p-type layer are studied and compared to that of the

conventional deep-UV LEDs with flat surface. The effects of the III-nitride PC’s

diameter and height as well as the p-type layer thickness on the light extraction

efficiency have been studied comprehensively. We present results on

enhancement of 280 nm deep-UV optical power output in III-nitride light

emitting diodes LEDs using PCs under current injection. Triangular arrays of the

PCs with diameter/periodicity of 250/500 nm were patterned using electron-beam

lithography and inductively coupled plasma dry etching. The total power of

unpackaged LED chips revealed a significant increase for deep-UV LEDs, as a

result of the PC’s formation. In addition, strategies to further enhance to the

theoretical optimum value and control emission directionality are discussed.


Ultrafast Time-resolved Electron Diffraction studies of Laser

Heated Thin Films and Surfaces

Hani E. Elsayed-Ali

Applied Research Center and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old

Dominion University, Newport News, USA

Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) is used to probe the lattice dynamics of

picosecond and femtosecond laser-heated thin films and surfaces. In UED, a

photoactivated electron gun is used to produce electron pulses that are

synchronized with an ultrafast laser pulse. The temporal resolution of the UED

system depends on the laser pulse width and electron pulse broadening. Pump-

probe experiments are conducted by a variable spatial time delay between the

laser pulse photoactivating the cathode of the electron gun and that interacting

with the sample. The pump-probe experiments are conducted with a temporal

resolution up to ~1.4 ps.

An example of UED study of Bi nanoparticles deposited on a carbon membrane

will be described. The transient decay time after laser excitation is observed to be

longer for diffraction from the Bi (012) lattice planes compared to that from (110).

From the position of the (012) diffraction peak, a transient lattice contraction due

to hot electron blast force is observed over several picoseconds followed by

expansion while the position of the (110) peak shows only expansion. The

diffraction peak width indicates partial disorder of the nanoparticles consistent

with formation of a liquid shell as the lattice is heated.

Picosecond reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) was used to

probe the surface structure and temperature (through the Debye-Waller factor).

RHEED with ~100-ps time resolution was used to study the melting of the low-

index facets of single-crystals of metals and semiconductors. The surfaces were

subjected to heating and cooling rates on the order of 1011

K/s. The structure of

the low-index surfaces of Ge near its bulk melting point Tm was investigated.

Ge(111) was observed to remain in its incomplete melting structure up to at least

Tm + 134±40 K when heated by a 100-ps laser pulse. Both the Ge(100) and


Ge(110) surfaces were observed to melt near Tm. For Ge(100) and Ge(110) heated

with a 100-ps laser pulses, the results, favored the lack of surface superheating.

The superheating of Ge(111) was attributed to be due to the metallization of the

top Ge bilayer and its interaction with the solid underneath causing an energy

barrier sufficient to allow for transient surface superheating. The observation of

surface superheating by ultrafast lasers in the closed-packed facets of crystals with

different structures (face center cubic Pb, rhombohedral Bi, tetragonal In, and

diamond Ge) is a clear indication that surface superheating occurs in elements

with different structures depending on the crystal facet and heating rate.


Accelerator based Light Sources of Today and Tomorrow

Zahid Hussain

Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California,

USA

The quest for renewable energy requires us to understand, predict, and ultimately

control matter and energy at the electronic, atomic, and molecular levels. The

ever-increasing demand to diversify the energy portfolio and to minimize

environmental impact while supplying global energy needs, has intensified the

urgency for developing alternative energy sources and carriers. Significant

research efforts are under way and will continue in a broad range of materials

synthesis, use-inspired and fundamental science with the use of light sources such

as synchrotron and free electron lasers. Energy-related materials research faces

urgent challenges today. We need to go beyond the Edisonian hit and trial

approach to more systematic research with the use of advanced tools applicable

under realistic in-situ and in-operando conditions capable of exploring electronic

and atomic structure of catalysts and energy relevant materials. Through various

scientific examples, I will explain the current state-of-the art and future directions

in the aforementioned areas of research.


Extreme Light Infrastructure- A Pan-European Laser Facility

Wolfgang Sandner

ELI-DC International Association AISB, The Extreme Light Infrastructure and DESY,

Zeuthen, Germany

This presentation will focus on a Pan-European Laser initiative called “Extreme

Light Infrastructure (ELI)”, one of the 48 European Strategic Forums for Research

Infrastructure (ESFRI) that represents a major step forward in quest for producing

extreme electromagnetic fields. This will be the world's first international user

facility for laser research established as an International Association on April 11,

2013 in Brussels, Belgium. When fully implemented in 2017 ELI will contain

some of the world's most powerful lasers and make them available for the

international scientific community. With its ultra-intense and ultra-short pulses of

light it will create new states of matter in dense plasmas, probe the structure of

vacuum or produce secondary radiation of high-energy photons or particles.

These, in turn, will be used to understand fundamental dynamic processes in such

different species as nuclei, molecules, or biological cells.


Applications of Extreme Ultra-Violet Lasers

Greg Tallents

Department of Physics, University of York, York, United Kingdom

Laser-plasma studies have been undertaken for 50 years using infra-red to ultra-

violet lasers. We show that a new regime of laser-produced plasmas can be

created with capillary discharge and free electron lasers operating in the extreme

ultra-violet (EUV). For example, EUV radiation (wavelength < 50 nm) has a

critical electron density above electron densities formed by ionization at solid

material density and so potentially can penetrate to large depth into a solid density

plasma. We explore here the importance of this penetration in ablating solid

targets, in creating novel warm dense matter and in the diagnosis of plasmas.


Optical Nanoscopy

Maria Allegrini

Dipartimento di Fisica "Enrico Fermi", Universita' di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo,

Pisa, Italy

At the intersection of optics with scanning probe microscopy, near-field optical

microscopy (SNOM) allows optical imaging with spatial resolution substantially

better than half the wavelength of light. Together with other updated laser

spectroscopy techniques, this has opened the era of nanoscopy. Nanoscopy

entails the ability to detect and measure the optical properties of materials with a

spatial resolution adequate to investigate nanostructures and nanodevices. This

presentation is dedicated to some of the SNOM operation modes used in the

NanoLab at the Department of Physics, of the University of Pisa will be

presented. The focus will be on the polarization-modulated SNOM and on four

case studies we have recently carried out by this technique: smart materials,

nanofibers, plasmonics and chirality.


Application of Synchrotron Radiation in the Study of Organic

Molecules on Substrates for Catalysis, Energy and Magnetic

Materials

Andrea Goldoni

Elettra Sincrotrone, Trieste, Italy

Many organic molecules, in particular macrocycles, can self-assemble on

substrates. They are currently considered as templates for the ordered organization

of "isolated" metallic atoms, which correspond the metallic ions at the center of

the macrocycles. The fine control on the self-assembling and, possibly, on the

metalation of the molecules represent a key issues in the development of these

organic-substrate interfaces. Considering a particular molecule, porphyrin, by

using different support substrates one can obtain several combinations of

metalated porphyrins that tipically do not exist in nature because unstable. The

metallo-porphyrins can cover a variety of applications, like catalytic and light

absorption materials, magnetic layers, gas sensor nano-nose, etc.. One

fundamental question is about the way porphyrins (metalated or not) interact with

the substrates and in which way the self-assembled organic monolayer can be

modified and the metalation occurs. Here we show how synchrotron radiation may

give several and important informations on the various methods to metalate the

un-metalated porphyrins on surfaces, about the modification of these molecules

with temperature and on the interaction of porphyrins with the substrates. In

particular, we illustrate an interesting way to metalate the porphyrins by picking-

up substrate metal atoms on the surface and how the surface oxidation influences

this process.


Invited Talks


Quantum Error Correction Codes

Soon Xin Ng

School of Electrical & Computer Science, University of Southampton Southampton, UK

According to Moore's law, the number of transistors on a micro-chip doubles

every two years. Hence, the transistor size is expected to approach atomic scale in

the near future due to our quest for miniaturization and more processing power.

However, atomic level behaviour is governed by the laws of quantum physics,

which are significantly different from those of classical physics. More explicitly,

the inherent parallelism associated with quantum entities allows a quantum

computer to carry out operations in parallel, unlike conventional computers. More

significantly, quantum computers are capable of solving challenging optimization

problems in a fraction of the time required by a conventional computer. In other

words, the inherent parallel processing capability of quantum computers can be

exploited to dramatically reduce the detection complexity in future generation

communications systems.

However, the major impediment in the practical realization of quantum computers

is the sensitivity of the quantum states, which collapse when they interact with

their environment. Hence, powerful Quantum Error Correction (QEC) codes are

needed for protecting the fragile quantum states from undesired influences and for

facilitating the robust implementation of quantum computers. In this talk we will

look at various design problems and some solutions related to QEC codes.


Nonlinear Optics with Superconducting Quantum Circuits

Guoqin Ge

School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China

We review some progress of superconducting quantum circuits in the applications

of quantum information and quantum optics. Both theoretical and experimental

researches showed that superconducting quantum circuits, as a kind of

macroscopic quantum device, can exhibit quantum properties. Due to its special

advanced properties, these macroscopic quantum devices can be applied as basic

units of quantum information and quantum computer. The fundamental

advantages of these artificial systems are on chip and on demanded. In nonlinear

optics, we have designed a nonlinear superconducting quantum circuit, which

exhibits the possibility to obtain a cross-Kerr-effect. This effect can be used to

realize Single-Photon Transistor in Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics. We have

also studied other nonlinear optics by using superconducting quantum circuits. We

have distinguished the difference between electromagnetically induced

transparency (EIT) and the Autler–Townes Splitting (ATS) in Superconducting

Quantum Circuit, which usually mixed in some literatures. We have first shown

that it is possible to realize Coexistence of Three-wave, Four-wave, and Five-

wave Mixing Processes due to the absence of selection rules in superconducting

circuits. We have also studied quantum interference in nonlinear sum -and

difference- frequency simultaneously in superconducting quantum circuits, we

have shown a new type of phase- and frequency-sensitive amplification and

attenuation in a cyclically driven three-level superconducting Josephson system.


Coherent Control of the Goos-Hänchen Shift

Sajid Qamar

Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad,

Pakistan

The behavior of the Goos-Hänchen (GH) shifts in the reflected and transmitted

light beam which is incident on a cavity containing an intracavity medium

of certain atomic systems with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT),

Raman gain and duplicated two-level is discussed. It has already been observed

that the subluminal and superluminal behavior of the pulse propagating through

an atomic medium can be coherently controlled without changing the structure.

This is due to the control on the group index of the medium which is positive for

the subluminal pulse propagation and negative for the superluminal propagation.

This may give a coherent control of the GH shifts in the reflected or transmitted

light pulse when the light is incident on a cavity containing some dispersive

atomic media. Here, positive and negative GH shifts corresponding to the

subluminal and superluminal propagation of the pulse, respectively, are observed.


Smart Photonic Sensors - Performing for the Environment

Nabeel A. Riza

School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland

The ability to “see” with application-specific intelligence is critical in today’s

world of big data that is saturated with diverse physical characteristics such as

optical scenarios with high contrast ratios and complex object shapes. This talk

will highlight the design of novel smart imaging sensors for high impact

applications such as laser beam imaging.


Solid State Lighting - Next Generation of Illumination Technology

M. Khizar Bhutta

Whirlpool Corporation, Benton Harbor, Michigan, USA, and Center for Optoelectronics

and Optical Communication, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA

During the last few years, Solid-state lighting (SSL) has emerged as a

revolutionizing technology through the introduction of highly energy-efficient,

longer-lasting, versatile light sources, including high-quality white light.

Previously relegated to colored-light applications such as traffic signals and exit

signs, SSL products are now successfully competing with conventional

technologies including incandescent and fluorescent lamps in general illumination

applications. Recently, this technology is bring new innovations in directional

lamp fittings such as down-lights and under-cabinet lighting; in area light fittings

such as replacement two-foot by two-foot ceiling fixtures and roadway lighting;

and in niche applications such as commercial refrigeration display lighting and

automobile day-running lamps. With the latest advancements in III-nitrides based

SSL technology, current focus is to improve the devices optical power density,

efficacy, light quality, and operating life. Furthermore, manufacturing

improvements is another emerging front where industry investment continues to

improve the performance and reduce the costs associated with this technology. It

is believed that in near future, SSL will become more competitive with

conventional light sources and can be expected to capture increasing shares of the

general illumination manufacturing industry. After a summary of the motivation

for the development of the high-power LED, we describe the current state of

high-power SSL technology and the challenges that lay ahead for development of

a true “solid state luminaries.” We demonstrate record performance and reliability

for high-power colored and white LEDs and show results from the world’s first

150-plus lumen white LED lamp, the solid state equivalent of Thomas

Edison’s 20W incandescent light bulb which is a breakthrough.


Multijunction Solar Cells for Concentrated Photovoltaics

Iqbal Chaudhry

Qorvo Inc., Greensboro, North Carolina, USA

Solar systems based on concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) are very cost effective as

they use a small amount of semiconductor material. It is a viable technology for

developing countries because the system mainly consists of mechanical and

optical components that can be manufactured locally at low cost. The most

challenging task in CPV solar system is the development of Multijunction Solar

Cells used in CPV systems. In this presentation we will review recent advances

made in Multijunction Solar Cells and advantages of using MOCVD system for

the cell research and development.


Spatial Modulation of THz Beams for Imaging Applications

Hakan Altan

Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

Techniques based on compressive sensing allow us to image fields at faster rates

and at our labs in METU we have been experimenting with imaging based on

spatial modulation of THz beams using single pixel detectors [1]. However these

studies are based on discrete patterns using metal sheets. These techniques would

benefit greatly if we could modulate the THz field. For example, optical

modulators play a key role in optoelectronics and communication systems.

Electro-optic, acousto-optic and thermo-optic effects are well established

mechanisms to control intensity, phase or polarization of light in the visible and

near infrared frequencies. Efficient control of terahertz waves, however, has been

a challenge due to the lack of a THz active material. Graphene is a viable material

for active terahertz (THz) devices [2]. Electrostatic tuning of high mobility

carriers on graphene provides an electrical means for controlling THz waves. Here

we demonstrate a terahertz intensity modulator using a graphene supercapacitor

which consists of two large area graphene electrodes and electrolyte medium. By

patterning the device into an array the potential for rapid imaging is demonstrated.

These works are discussed in the context of current mm wave/THz stand-off

imaging investigations taking place in our laboratories.

1 T. Takan, V. A. Özkan, F. İ dikut, İ . O. Yı ldı rı m, A. B. Ş ahin and H. Altan,

“Compressive sensing imaging through a drywall barrier at sub-THz and THz frequencies in

transmission and reflection modes”, Proc. SPIE 9244, Image and Signal Processing for Remote

Sensing XX, 92441N (2014)

2 N. Kakenov, T. Takan, V. A. Özkan, O. Balci, E. O. Polat, H. Altan and C. Kocabaş ,

"Graphene-enabled Electrically-Controlled Terahertz Spatial Light Modulators" Opt Lett. 2015

May 1;40(9):1984-7


Overcoming Turbidity for Deep-Tissue Imaging

Zahid Yaqoob

Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,

USA

Optical imaging and spectroscopy of biological tissue provide tremendous

information that can be utilized for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

However, one critical constraint is the limited depth from which optical

information can be reliably retrieved. It is the elastic light scattering that

scrambles wavefront of light as it travels through a turbid medium, limiting our

ability to see through or transmit (receive) light to (from) a specific depth within a

turbid sample. The resulting wavefront distortion, however, is a deterministic and

linear phenomenon that is reversible in principle.

This topic has attracted significant interest in recent years, leading to the

development of innovative approaches to quantify / overcome turbidity. I will

discuss various approaches including incident beam shaping via iterative

algorithms, scattering matrix measurements, and optical phase conjugation to

overcome tissue turbidity. The use of guide stars in iterative approaches, and

interferometric setups for complex optical field measurements in the other two

methodologies will also be discussed. Overcoming turbidity may have profound

impact on various challenges in optical imaging and spectroscopy of turbid media

including imaging resolution, field-of-view, and maximum achievable imaging

depth range. Selected examples from recently published work will be used to

highlight the efficacy and utility of different methods.


Pioneers in Study of Light- the Forgotten Giants

M. Yasin Akhtar Raja

Physics & Optical Science Dept., and Center for Optoelectronics & Optical

Communications, University of North Carolina, USA

The envisioned presentation will caste a cursory glance and a ‘bird-eye’ view on

the nature of light and various aspects of “study of light” unravelling its mysteries

and nature as what we perceive today. It will cover briefly the understanding of its

nature and fundamental phenomena and its manifestations. A brief overview will

cover, e.g., its production, propagations, fundamental interaction, and detections

aspects. The brief historical part and selected phenomena have been adapted from

the presentation titled as “Forgotten milestones in the history of optics”, by my

colleague and sincere friend Prof. Greg Gbur, Department of Physics and Optical

Science, UNC Charlotte. We will try to include some recent phenomena and

discoveries related to light based on experimental and theoretical models. In the

end, we will attempt to pose some open questions for the visualization of future

research and understanding as mysteries of nature keep on unfolding every day.


Power Saving Using Class of Service Differentiation Mechanism

in Extended Reach Fi-Wi Networks

Syed Mohammad Hasan Zaidi

SEECS, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

Access networks are one of the major contributors in consuming power resources

in telecom networks. This has led to increased interest towards development of

power saving protocols and network architectures. Among the access networks,

Fi-Wi network is one of the promising technologies combining the best features of

optical and wireless network. In this research work, we study the impact of

introducing class of service differentiation mechanism in extended reach Fi-Wi

networks. For reducing power, we propose an energy efficient scheme based on

network traffic categorization and applied appropriate thresholds on delay

sensitive and delay tolerant traffic at optical network unit. Through simulations we

found that our proposed scheme reduces overall energy consumption of the

network up to 25% as compared to current state-of-art scheme.


Magneto-Optics Meets Nanoscience

Muhammad Sabieh Anwar and Syed Babar Ali

Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of

Management Science, Pakistan

In this talk I will present an overview of how magneto-optics is helping the

investigation of nanostructures and nanomaterials. Based on the combined

modulation of the electric permittivity of materials that are also placed inside

magnetic fields, novel functionalities can be explored. In particular we will

describe the plasmonic enhancement of the magneto-optic effect and the magnetic

field assisted generation and control of surface plasmon polaritons.


Biophotonic Instrumentation – Design to Applications

Zahid Yaqoob

Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,

USA

Biophotonics is an interdisciplinary science of utilizing light to image, probe and

manipulate biological media. Typically, the goal is to study different physiological

or pathological processes, or drug-cell interaction at the cellular or tissue level.

These processes lead to structural and functional changes that are manifested in

the biophysical or biochemical properties of the sample under study. Specific

examples include changes in cell morphology (shape, size, and structure) during

cell growth; compromised host red blood cell biomechanics and hemoglobin

concentration in malaria infection; and damage induced by genotoxic anti-cancer

drugs to DNA in living cells.

To optically retrieve specific biophysical or biochemical information from a

biological sample, it is vital to first identify the appropriate light-matter interaction

(e.g., absorption, fluorescence, scattering, etc.), which follows instrumentation

design while considering the parameters such as optical resolution, contrast,

sensitivity, throughput, and signal-to-noise or signal-to-background ratio. This

talk will discuss the design and development of select optical imaging and

spectroscopy tools including quantitative phase microscopy, optical coherence

tomography, two-photon fluorescence microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy.

Since the optical technology development at the MIT Laser Biomedical Research

Center is partly motivated by the research needs of our biomedical collaborators,

this talk will also review collaborative studies highlighting the utility of custom-

designed optical instruments for precision measurements in cellular and tissue

environments.


Optical Diagnostics of Viral & Parasitic Diseases in Edible Oils,

Spreads and Ghee

Mushtaq Ahmed

National Institute of Laser and Optronics, Islamabad, Pakistan

Optical detection techniques like absorption, fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy

and confocal microscopy are powerful tolls for the detection of viral / parasitic

diseases. At NILOP all these optical techniques are available and are in use

effectively.

We present the optical diagnosis of dengue & HCV virus infection in human

blood serum using Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra were acquired from blood

serum samples using a laser at 532 nm & 786 nm as the excitation source. A

multivariate regression model based on partial least-squares regression is

developed that uses Raman spectra to predict dengue infection with leave-one-

sample-out cross validation. The prediction of dengue infection by our model

yields correlation coefficient r2

values of 0.9998 between the predicted and

reference clinical results.

Principal components analysis (PCA) was carried for the prediction of HCV and

its viral load. Raman spectroscopy was successfully implemented to detect the

fats, saturated and unsaturated radicals in edible oils, spreads and ghee.

Results are highly encouraging for the implementation of Raman spectroscopy

technique for the viral and parasitic diseases and vegetables oils.


Polarimetry and its Applications in Biophotonics

Masroor Ikram

Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad,

Pakistan

Polarimetry is the polarization sensitive optical imaging and it is a powerful tool

when used with Mueller Matrix. It can characterization a material with sixteen

polarization properties and can be regarded as finger print. At PIEAS this

technique has been used to study polarization properties of the synthetic materials,

induced liver injuries and phase modulations of light. Results on material

characterizations and phase modulation will be discussed.


Contributed Talks


Phase Dependent Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

(EIT) In a Three Level Atomic System Using Squeezed Vacuum

Reservoir

Javaid Anwar


Pakistan

Phase dependent EIT using squeezed vacuum reservoir in a three-level Λ system

is presented. It is shown that absorption and dispersion properties of the medium

are sensitive to relative phases between the squeezed bath, probe & control fields.

The absorption and dispersion profiles are analyzed for different values of relative

phases, squeezing parameter r and quantum interference parameter p. The relative

phases can change the behavior of the medium such that the medium have sub-

luminal and super-luminal behavior for the probe beam.


Darkened Atom and Temporal Dynamics of Atom Population at

the Excited Energy Level

Fazal Ghafoor

Department of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad

Pakistan

In contrast to traditional spontaneous generated coherence (SGC), spontaneous

emission from a four-fi eld-driven fi ve-level atomic system is completely

cancelled with field generated coherence (FGC). As a result, the brightened atom,

which is based on Sodium D1 line, is darkened under dipole-alignment-

independent trapping condition. In addition, almost all atom population in each of

four dressed states of the unique excited real energy level of the modeled atom are

effectively stored for time longer than the ones in meta stable state. The temporal

dynamic of the atom population at the excited state is studied for both the

brightened and darkened atom. The present results might be useful in high power

contrast-q-switch q-switch and mode lock pulse lasers.


Detailed Surface Photometry of the cD Galaxies NGC 4839 and

NGC 4874

Gamal B. Ali 1 , Eman A. Shaban 2, Magdy Y. Amin 3 and M. A. Rassem 3

1 National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt

2National Research Center, Giza, Egypt

3Astronomy Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

We present a detailed photometric study of the cD galaxies NGC 4839 and NGC

4874 based on the technique of surface photometry by fitting ellipses to the

isophotes of the galaxies in the u, g, r, i, and z bands using Data Release 7 (DR7)

of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The motivation of this paper is to study

the properties (e.g. break radius and surface brightness, color gradient, etc) of the

extended envelope of the two cD galaxies. The surface brightness profile in each

band is obtained and fitted to the de Vaucouleurs r1/4 model. A deviation of the

observed profile brighter than the fitted r1/4 model is noticed especially in the outer

part of each galaxy. The profiles of ellipticity, position angle, B4 and shifts with

respect to the center of each isophote are also obtained. The color index profiles,

u-g, g-r, r-i, and i-z are also obtained and no significant color gradients are noticed

except in the outer parts of the two galaxies. The integrated magnitude in each

band and color indices are obtained and found to be in good agreement with the

published ones.


A Generic Model of PV Plant Lightning Protection

A. Kalair and N. Khan

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

Sun is the ultimate source of energy on earth. Solar thermal and PV plants

produce more than 200GW power worldwide. PV plants are susceptible to

lightning strikes, high winds, snow storms and hail blitzkrieg. Solar panels fixing

protects them against snow weight and cyclones but hail and lightning still affect

them. Hailing often breaks solar thermal evacuated glass tubes as well as module

plates but lightning strikes damage solar panels, charge controllers and inverters.

Roof top panels are more vulnerable compared to ground laid solar panels. Solar

panels are badly exposed to lightning due to their open air location. Lightning

affects integrated PV plants directly by overhead strikes and indirectly through

utility grid lines. A small standalone solar station is less vulnerable to lighting

than large grid connected plants as utility network faults also affect the solar

plants Rooftop solar plant, without any protective device, poses a serious threat to

residents. Standalone rooftop solar panels induced home fire incidents dictate

need for further development of lighting protection devices. Design engineers

often ignore protection of small standalone solar systems that exposes home

wiring to risk of the lightning induced fire. Grid connected solar plants are more

exposed to direct overhead, indirect nearby and distant lightning strikes yet

standalone PV installations are more vulnerable owing to lack of lightning

protection. Night thermography can point out defective parts in PV plant before

exceeding fire threshold. Lightning is one of the most beautiful displays of nature.

The number of lightning strokes is usually 3 to 4 but it may be as high as 30 or

even more. A lightning stroke may have 1-10s rise time and 50-200s decay

time. Average duration of stroke is 35 5s and time elapsed between two

successive strokes is 45 5ms. A lightning flash consists of a series of spurts from

cloud to ground which appears as a jagged line of arrows. PV plants use earthed

rods employing rolling sphere technique to protect against overhead lightning and

surge protective devices (SPD) to guard against rooftop induced or grid side


injected surges. This paper examines the lightning physics, PV plant lightning

interactions and the innovative protection techniques.


Sol-gel and RF Sputtered AZO Thin Films: Analysis of Oxidation

Kinetics in Harsh Environment

Samia Tabassum, Eiji Yamasue, Hideyuki Okumura and Keiichi N. Ishihara

Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku,

Kyoto, Japan

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin film, which possess the advantages of low cost, low

sheet resistance and high transmittance, are one of the most promising candidates

to replace indium tin oxide films as the transparent electrode. However, oxidation

causes a substantial increase in the sheet resistance of AZO film after exposing in

ambient and especially, damp heat (DH) environment. In this work, we compare

structural, optical, electrical properties and environmental stability between films

prepared by two different methods: sol-gel and rf sputtering. Experimental results

indicate that the properties of film can be affected by different deposition method.

From the X-ray diffraction analysis, all films have hexagonal wurtzite crystal

structure with different preferable orientation in two different methods. Optical

transmittance spectra of the AZO films exhibited transparency higher than about

80% within the visible wavelength region and the optical band gap (Eg) of these

films was increased in sputtered film, probably due to the increase of carrier

concentration. The better environmental stability was found in AZO film prepared

by sputtering method probably due to the improved surface roughness and

enhancement of (110) orientation.


Facile Perovskite Film Production Method via Precursor Vapor

Deposition

Fatih Degirmenci1, 2

, Fatih Mehmet Coskun 3

and Muhammet E. Köse 1,2

1Nanotechnology Institute, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

2TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

3Department of Physics Engineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey

We report a novel strategy to prepare perovskite absorber films by using the

solvent vapors of precursor methylamine (MA) and hydroiodic acid (HI) solutions

on PbI2 thin films. PbI2 coated substrate was exposed to the vapors of MA and HI

solutions briefly and then the resultant film was annealed to obtain perovskite

layer. Surface morphology studies showed that precursor vapor deposited

perovskite films are very smooth and the surface roughness is limited by the

surface roughness of precursor vapor exposed PbI2 film. In addition, our approach

removes the necessity the need to synthesize methylammonium iodide salt and

allows facile fabrication of high quality, large-area, smooth perovskite films. Non-

optimized device studies gave a record high short circuit density of 38.5 mA/cm2,

a fill-factor of 0.33, an open circuit voltage of 0.75 V, and a power conversion

efficiency of 9.6%.


On the Prospects of Electrical Large Optical Antennas for Energy

Harvesting Applications

Amir Khurrum Rashid and Mudassar Nauman

Namal College, Tallagang Road, Mianwali, Pakistan

Harvesting solar energy through antennas is an interesting concept, which has

received significant attention of researchers recently. Since solar incidence

basically comprises electromagnetic waves, in principle, its reception through

conventional antenna techniques is possible, with a promise of more efficiency

than that of existing photovoltaic cells. However, due to the small wavelength of

sunlight, antenna size becomes only a few hundred nanometers, when the

conventional antenna theory is directly applied. . This leads to difficult

nanofabrication processes, usually based on molecular beam epitaxy, focused ion

beam milling, electron beam lithography, etc. A number of solar nano-antennas

have been actually fabricated, and reported. Sizes of these antennas mostly fall in

200 nm – 800 nm range.

In this paper, we study and propose the use of electrically large antennas for

harvesting sunlight. This relaxes the fabrication requirements significantly, since

now the antenna size can be many order of wavelength. Electrically large antennas

are known to exhibit multi-lobe radiation pattern, which is often not suitable for

wireless communication applications. However, a multi-lobe pattern appears quite

acceptable for energy harvesting application, since the sunlight falls under a

uniform incidence, and a preferred direction of reception is not a critical

requirement.

We simulate a number of electrically large antennas using gold layer over a

silicon substrate. These simulations are based on finite difference time domain

method, and employ Drude model, as well as a much improved Jhonson and

Christy model for the frequency-dependent optical properties of gold. We

compare the efficiency of our multi-lobe antennas with those of single-lobe

known solar nano-antennas. Following these comparisons and studies, we believe

that electrically large antennas can be a very good candidate for future solar


energy systems. Since size of these antennas can be a few micro-meters, their

fabrication can be cheap and may also be pursued on mass scale. This may result

in a better commercial viability of future antennas based solar energy systems.


Design & Analysis of PV Energy to Grid Utility by using String

Inverter

Osman M. Omer

Industrial Research and Consultancy Center, Khartoum, Sudan

This research is a study for connecting photo voltaic power systems plant to

National Grid to provide a source of energy generation help for solving the

existing crisis due to lack of fuel and high oil prices and to preserve the

environment by providing clean energy. To ensure the stability of solar power

systems This research simplified study on how to connect solar cell systems to the

grid utility by using string inverters , the research find the definition of solar

power systems by defining solar cells , solar system components and types of

photo voltaic systems, also the research talking about inverters which are use in

the plant how can connect together and how to connect to grid utility, each

inverter include control circuit to make synchronizations between inverters and

between inverters and grid . The designed station has a capacity of one Mega

Watt, and added 30% as a reserve to avoid a decrease of cell efficiency .The

station divided into two stations each one capacity 665 kW, 42pcs of 15 kW

inverter and 3024pcs PV module 220 Watt / 24 volts. Last a simulation was made

by using PV system program. From the result of simulation obtained that the

production of the plant in one year 2597 Mega watts.


Tripartite Entanglement in Various Cavities under Dipole-Diploe

Interaction

Salman Khan1 and Munsif Jan

2

1Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad,

Pakistan

2Department of Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

The dynamics of tripartite entanglement between three two levels atom under the

influence of dipole-dipole interaction, the initial relative quantum phase and the

coupling strength between the cavity and the atoms is studied. Our investigation

shows that strong dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms not only guarantees

entanglement sudden death but also helps in retaining entanglement for

considerable long time. The choice of the relative phase in the initial state plays

vital role in the operational regime of the cavity. Under certain special condition,

the entanglement can be frozen in time to its initial values via strong dipole-dipole

interaction. The freezing trait of entanglement may prove helpful in engineering

multiparticle entanglement for the practical realization of quantum technology.

.


Generating Quantum Resources via System-Environment

Interaction

Adam Zaman Chaudry

Department of Physics, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

The environment of a quantum system typically has a detrimental effect, causing

undesirable decoherence and decay. Consequently, great efforts have been made

in order to isolate quantum mechanical systems such that the system-environment

interaction is effectively reduced. It has been realized, however, that the

environment can also generate quantum resources such as entanglement and spin

squeezing, provided that the system-environment interaction is engineered in a

suitable way. In this talk, I will discuss the concurrence of two qubits and spin

squeezing of N qubits interacting with a common environment using an exactly

solvable pure dephasing model. It will be shown that the concurrence and spin

squeezing generated via the interaction with the common environment depends on

the properties of the environment. Consequently, the environmental properties are

optimized in order to achieve the maximal quantum resource generation.

[1] D. Y. Tan, A. Z. Chaudhry and J. Gong, J. Phys. B 48, 115505 (2015).


Resolution Enhancement using Simultaneous Couple Illumination

Anwar Hussain1 and Jose Luis Martínez

2


Pakistan

2Universidad Miguel Hernández, Spain

This work is based on superresolution imaging using a phase shifting technique. The

optical technique is used to enhance the resolution of an optical 4f system. A square

aperture is placed at the Fourier plane of the optical system in order to obstruct the high

spatial frequencies of the object. To retrieve these high spatial frequencies of the object, a

tilted beam illumination on the object is applied to divert these frequencies into the pass-

band at the Fourier plane. In the 4f optical system an object is illuminated with coupled

illumination created by a Spatial light Modulator (SLM). For one dimensional object one

central beam and two symmetrical beams around the central are created with defined

linear phase related to the dimension of square aperture. During illumination process the

object first illuminated with each beam separately and later with each possible

combination of two beams simultaneously. During such illumination to one of the beams

are assigned four constant phases. As result of this process 15 interferograms are recorded

at the CCD plane. As a result of the tilting, the recorded holograms carry the linear phase

information which needs to be excluded to obtain only the object information. For this

purpose the linear phases are calculated from the known dimensions of aperture. These

interferograms are stored in computer memory for further process to extract the object

information. After the post processing algorithm a resultant image is obtained which has

three times higher resolution compared to the image obtained only with central beam. The

resolution of the system can be further increased by increasing the number of tilted

illuminations and ultimately by the signal to noise ratio. For two dimensional objects the

same procedure is followed and recorded 153 interferograms of the object and also

calculated the all linear phases. The similar post processing is follow to obtain the

superresolved image.

https://plus.google.com/u/0/107010191687291393817?prsrc=4


Accomplishments and Contributions of Ibn al-Haytham in the

Course of Science

Tabiba Tasneem Qureshi and Hakim Abdul Hannan

Faculty of Medicine, Hamdard Universit, Islamabad, Pakistan

The list of accomplishments and contributions of Ibn al-Haytham goes on and on.

The truly amazing thing is that he wrote over 200 books, but only around 50 have

survived till today. What he discovered that we do not even know about probably

far outshines even the amazing works that have made it to the present day.

The translation of The Book of Optics had a huge impact on Europe. From it, later

European scholars were able to build the same devices as he did, and understand

the way light works. From this, such important things as eyeglasses, magnifying

glasses, telescopes, and cameras were developed.

As if revolutionizing the way humanity understands light and leading to the

development of things we can’t live without in the 2000s wasn’t enough, Ibn al-

Haytham also pioneered in other fields.

Ibn al-Haytham was able to build these pinhole cameras hundreds of years before

the modern development of photography as we know it.

He also studied the way light is affected when moving through a medium such as

water or gasses. From this, he was able to explain why the sky changes color

at twilight (the sun’s rays hit the atmosphere at an angle, causing refraction). From

this, he was able to calculate the depth of the earth’s atmosphere, 1000 years

before it would be proven by spaceflight.


Parity-Time Symmetry in Rydberg Atoms

Ziauddin1,2

, You-Lin Chuang1, Sajid Qamar

2 and Ray-Kuang Lee

1

1Institute of Photonics and Technologies, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 300,

Taiwan

2Department of Physics, COMSATS institute of information Technology, Islamabad,

Pakistan

We propose a scheme to realize parity-time (PT)-symmetry in an ensemble of

strongly interacting Rydberg atoms, which act as super-atoms due to the dipole

blockade mechanism. We show that Rydberg-dressed 87Rb atoms in a four-level

inverted Y -type configuration is highly efficient to generate the refractive index

for a probe field, with a symmetric (antisymmetric) profile spatially in the

corresponding real (imaginary) part. Comparing with earlier investigations, the

present scheme provides a versatile platform to control the system from PT -

symmetry to non-PT -symmetry via different external parameters, i.e., coupling

field detuning, probe field intensity and control field intensity.


Laser Cleaning of Historical and Model Papers by 213 nm and

532 nm Pulsed Laser Radiation

Saira Arif1,2

, Sergey Bushuk3, Andrei Kouzmouk

3, Hennady Tatur

3, Sergei

Batishche3 and Wolfgang Kautek

2


Pakistan

2University of Vienna, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna,

Austria

3National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus, Institute of Physics, Minsk,

Belarus

Laser cleaning has attracted great attention in cultural heritage. The treatment of

organic materials such as paper is characterized by the limitation of

photochemical and photothermal destruction. This is minimized when visible laser

wavelengths are chosen such as the second harmonic (532 nm) of a Nd:YAG

lasers [1]. Ultraviolet laser radiation, on the other hand, provides minimized light

penetration depth and can serve as a quasi ultra-precise non-contact scalpel [2,3].

Yellowing is a side effect of laser treatments [4]. Paper cleaning studies showed

that yellowing could be minimized choosing 532 nm [5].

Laser cleaning of charcoal particulates on various historical cotton linters paper,

ground wood paper, and China paper and various new cellulose papers without

destruction was demonstrated with 532 nm radiation at cotton linters paper,

ground wood paper, and China papers. The difference between the destruction and

the cleaning threshold fluence was one order of magnitude. The middle UV-laser

treatment (213 nm) did not allow particle removal without substrate destruction.

With 532 nm, the removal mechanism is mainly based on evaporation/ablation of

the opaque particulates resulting in low cleaning threshold fluences of less than

0.2 J/cm² for two laser pulses. Differential DRIFT investigations showed that 532

nm-laser treatment led to destruction by dehydration reactions forming cross-links

by ether bonds in the reductive atmosphere of the electron-rich and reductive laser

plasma. Conjugated bond and carbonyl group generation could not be detected,


which could have explained the yellowing phenomenon observed below and

above the destruction threshold. Alternative mechanisms of discoloration such as

soiling redeposition and scattering by nanostructure formation are discussed. A

quantitative model has been developed in order to explain that it is more advanta-

geous to use higher fluence values below the destruction threshold than applying

higher number of pulses with low fluences.

Ground wood cellulose paper exhibits a practicable cleaning fluence window with

middle-UV radiation treatment. In this case, a minimum dose volume density

should be applied. However complete cleaning of bleached cellulose paper is

accompanied by strong yellowing and destruction. The presence of the

particulates shows substantial influence on the yellowing with increasing

coverage.

[1] W. Kautek, Springer Series in Materials Science 130 (2010) 313.

[2] S. Arif, M. Forster, S. Bushuk, A. Kouzmouk, H. Tatur, S. Batishche, W. Kautek,

Appl. Phys. A 110 (2013) 501-509.

[3] S. Arif, S. Bushuk, A. Kouzmouk, H. Tatur, S. Batishche, W. Kautek,

in: The Unknown Face of the Art, (Eds.) R. Radvan, S. Akyüz, S. Simileanu, Istanbul

Kültür University Publication 2012, p. 43-60.

[4] J. Kolar, M. Strlic, S. Pentzien, W. Kautek, Appl. Phys. A 71 (2000) 87-90.

[5] M. Forster, S. Arif, C. Huber, W. Kautek, S. Bushuk, A. Kouzmouk, H. Tatur, S.

Batishche,

in: Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks VIII, Taylor & Francis Group, London, 2011,

pp. 79-84.


Trapping the Charge Carriers - An Unusual Way to Make Highly

Efficient Polymer Light Emitting Diodes

Muhammad Umair Hassan


Pakistan

Fӧ rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and electrode modification are the two

common pathways to enhance the luminous efficiency of polymer based light

emitting diodes. Another avenue is by making the active layer very thick – all

strategies generally aim to keep the emission zone away from the electrodes and

avoid the surface quenching effects that deteriorate that device performance. We

focused on the charge transport mechanism through the polymer emissive layer:

slowing down the fast moving carriers and keeping the other almost unaffected (or

even enhancing the mobility of the latter) create a charge balance within the active

layer and push the emission zone within its bulk. This has been achieved via

mixing two polymers having large energy difference between the respective

energy levels of high mobility carriers. Thereby, surface / electrode quenching

through nonradiative recombination is minimized in thin LEDs and bulk is

exploited for the radiative output, resulting in high efficiency of such devices.


Luminescence Spectroscopy of La-Doped TiO2 One-Dimensional

Nanostructures

Marjan Rajabi

Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran

The approach of building small smart, multifunctional, and sensitive devices leads

to application of nanomaterials in optoelectronic devices. It is believed that one-

dimensional nanostructures are excellent candidates for charge transportation due

to their large surface area to volume ratio and high quality crystal structure.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most important wide band gap

semiconductors which have a wide spread scientific and industrial applications

such as photocatalytic glasses and dye sensitized solar cells. Its high band gap (for

3.2 eV for anatase and 3.0 eV for rutile phases) allows us to utilize it as a visible

blind absorber in UV photodetectors. We investigate the structural and

optoelectronic properties of TiO2 one- dimensional nanostructures as a photo

electrode of dye sensitized solar cells and self-power UV photodetectors. We use

photoluminescence spectroscopy as a nondestructive method to evaluate the

photoelectrodes based on TiO2 nanorods grown on fluorine doped tin oxide coated

glass substrate by low temperature hydrothermal method. The different excitation

energies and intensities are chosen to verify the discrete electronic states of

radiative recombination centers in nanorods. The photoluminescence studies show

the profound effect of excitation light energy on emission spectra. The room

temperature photoluminescence spectra of La- doped TiO2 nanorods show the

effect of doping concentration on the luminescence emission intensity of some

emission peaks compared with the undoped TiO2 nanorods. The short circuit

current density and the energy conversion efficiency of dye sensitized solar cell

based on La- doped nanorods are about 3.78±0.22 mAcm-2

and 1.92±0.15 %,

respectively that are increased approximately by the factor of two compared with

the undoped one.


Long-range proximity effect between a spin-triplet

superconductor Sr2RuO4 and a ferromagnetic metal SrRuO3

M.S. Anwar1,*

, Y. Sugimoto1, Y. J. Shin

2,3, S. J. Kang

2,3, Y. Tano

4, S.R. Lee

2,3, R.

Ishiguro4,5

, S. Yonezawa1, H. Takayanagi

4, T. W. Noh

2,3 and Y. Maeno

1

1Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

2Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea

3Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

4Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo Japan

5RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Saitama, Japan

Proximity effect between a spin-singlet superconductor (S) and a ferromagnet (F)

results in many fascinating phenomena. Specially oscillating spin-singlet

superconducting correlations are induced in the F-layer over a few nm. If

magnetic inhomogeneity like domain-walls or collinear magnetic layers is present

at S/F interface the spin-triplet correlations are induced over a micrometre into F-

layer. This phenomenon is termed as long-range proximity effect [1]. In the past, a

lot of experimental and theoretical work has been performed in this area [1-3].

Alternative novel and simple approach to realize the long-range proximity effect

is to use junctions between a spin-triplet superconductor (T) and a F-layer.

Theoretically, the proximity effect at T/F interface can be controlled by the

magnetization direction of F relative to the spin direction of the spin-triplet

Cooper pairs [4].

We study the long-range proximity effect between a ferromagnetic SrRuO3 (film)

and a spin-triplet superconductor Sr2RuO4 (substrate) [5]. For this purpose, we

prepared Au(600-nm)/SrRuO3(15-nm)/Sr2RuO4 double barrier junctions using

pulsed laser deposition to grow SrRuO3, sputtering to grow Au-layer, and UV-

optical lithography. Differential conductance (dI/dV) as a function of temperature

illustrates the appearance of multiple superconducting gap-like structures. Such

multiple gap-like structures are corresponding to two interfaces, Sr2RuO4/SrRuO3,

and SrRuO3/Au because of occurrence of long-rang proximity effect. Magnetic

effect suggests that this long-range proximity effect is a direct consequence of the


p-wave spin-triplet state of Sr2RuO4. Our work would open-up a new field of

research, which would be called “Superspintronics”.

[1] F. S. Bergret et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4096 (2001).

[2] Y. Tanaka, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 037005 (2007).

[3] R. S. Keizer et al., Nature 439, 825 (2006). M. S. Anwar, et al., Phys. Rev. B 82, 100501(R)

(2010). T. Khaire, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 137002 (2010). J. W. A. Robinson, et al., Science

329, 59 (2010).

[4] P. M. R. Brydon, et al., Phys. Rev. B 88, 054509 (2013).

[5] M. S. Anwar, et al., Appl. Phys. Ex. 8, 015502 (2015).


Zero-index-Metamaterial using Dielectric Core-Shell Photonic

Crystals

Muhammad Faryad

Department of Physics, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

The Dirac-like cone dispersion induced by accidental degeneracy is

demonstrated in twodimensional dielectric photonic crystals (PCs) of core-shell

rods arranged in square and triangular lattices. The Dirac-like point (DLP) is

achieved at the center of Brillouin zone with threefold degenerate state

having two bands forming a Dirac cone and a third flat band intersecting the cone

at the same frequency. This degenerate state is accidental and exists only

for particular set of parameters of the PC. When the core region has higher

refractive index than the cladding, the DLP has monopole and dipole field

configurations. When the core region has lower refractive index than the cladding,

the DLP is formed by quadrupole and dipole field configurations. The PCs

exhibiting Dirac-like dispersion formed by monopole and dipole interactions can

be mapped to effective medium with refractive index equal to zero, known

as zero-index-metamaterial. The response of these zero-index PCs to

electromagnetic source excitations considering their different geometric

configurations was also investigated. The phase transformation effect, the

focusing effect and the angular transmission of these PCs was demonstrated.

Zero-index-metamaterials find applications in cloaking, wave-guiding, and

photonic circuits.


Photo-Polymerization of Acrylate Monomers Using a Q-Switched

Nd:YAG Laser

Asghari Gul, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Asma Batool and Saira Arif


Pakistan

A Q-switched Nd: YAG (2nd

harmonic, 532nm) laser was used to polymerize n-

butyl methacrylate (C8H14O2) and n-octadecyl methacrylate (C20H42O2) in solvent,

ethanol in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (C14H10O4) which was used as an

initiator. Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) at 630 nm was observed

corresponding to a Raman active mode during photo-polymerization. Formation

of polymer under laser irradiation was confirmed by using FTIR, 1HNMR and

Raman spectroscopic techniques. Different parameters, like effect of laser

intensity on the % yield of the polymer and exposure time for polymerization

were investigated. SRS signals observed during the experiments were found to

correlate well with the extent of polymerization and thus confirm real time

monitoring of polymerization through SRS. Results proved that the 1B:1O was the

best composition for the polymerization of the monomers under study.

Hydrodynamic radius of the product was found to be 16 nm.


Effect of Light on the Electron Beam Detection by Faraday Cup

M. Z. Khan1,2

, S. L . Yap2 and C. S. Wong

2

1Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology Islamabad, Pakistan

2University of Malaya, Kuala Lampur, Malaysia

Experiments were carried out using a 2.2 kJ plasma focus operated in argon. The

charging voltage was 12 kV and the operating pressure was in the range of 0.7–2.5

mbar. Several diagnostics were employed during the project, namely, high-voltage

probe, five-channel PIN diode, Faraday cup, X-ray spectrometer, and scintillator–

photomultiplier as detectors. In addition, the Lee model code was used for

calculating X-ray yield and electron beam fluence for comparison with the

measured results obtained from the University of Malaya-Dense Plasma Focus

(UM-DPF) device. The main goal of our project is to conduct an in-depth

investigation on electron beam emission from the UM-DPF device within a

specific pressure range, as well as the X-ray emission in the same pressure range.

The pressure of 1.7 mbar of argon is the optimum operating pressure for X-ray

yield and electron beam emission for our plasma focus device.


Sequential Accomplishments in Optical Networks

S. F. Shaukat and Raja J. Amjad

Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

Passive optical networks (PONs) are the most aggressively pursued access

network segments in optical communication systems and this is due to the fact

that the main network performance bottleneck between the end user and virtually

infinite bandwidth exists there. To exploit multitude of communications over a

single platform and to provision smooth transition towards all-optical networking,

research is focused in improving Time Division multiple access techniques over

optical carrier.

in order to suppress the influence of timing jitter on the OCDMA receiver,

implementing time gating in ultra-high speed OCDMA networks over long

distance transmissions require precise synchronization. It has been revealed in this

research that the use of a network global clock distribution is not necessary if the

receiver synchronization is done via optical clock recovery. The power budget

improvement of ~7.5 dB has been achieved when using all-optical clock recovery

compared to clock distribution.


Design and Development of Mie Lidar System for Atmospheric

Monitoring

N. Yasmin, G. R. Mangi. N. Sarwar and S. Qureshi

National Institute of Lasers and Optronics, Islamabad, Pakistan

Mie Lidar system at fundamental wavelength of Nd:YAG laser 1064 nm, with

pulse power of 300mJ and rep rate of 1-20Hz, pulse duration of 5 nsec has been

designed and developed at NILOP. The system is made operational for the

detection of clouds and aerosols. The receiver is a Newtonian telescope with

254mm dia and 1525 mm focal length spherical mirror and an elliptical folding

mirror. The detector is C659 PMT with thermoelectric cooler, in combination with

a broad band pulse amplifier. A narrow band interference filter has been employed

to suppress the day time background light. Additionally, a 1.0mm aperture is used

to obtain better near-field performance at day time, and reduce the field of view of

telescope. Elastic back scattered signal up to the range of 3.5 Km has been

detected. This paper describes the experimental details of the elastic system.


Tunable Millimeter Wave Synthesizer Using Optical Technology

M. Irfan Memon1

and Habib Fathallah2

1Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad

Pakistan

2College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Millimeter wave (mm-wave) technology is believed to become a cornerstone in

future wireless communication networks. This promises to provide upto multi

Gb/sec wireless connectivity for short distances. Mm-wave frequency band is

almost 1000 times higher than those of FM radio. Recently, a significant growth

has been observed to exploit optical technology in the generation of the ultra-high

millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies. Moreover, the photonic phenomena are

considered for the detection and transport of the high data rate radio frequency

(RF) signals over long distances, amplification, probing and beam forming, etc.

We propose an innovative approach that exploits optical injection locking and

four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical nonlinear devices such as semiconductor ring

laser (SRL), and semiconductor optical amplifier. When the high data rate

modulated signal along with continuous wave (CW) signal at different wavelength

are injected into a nonlinear optical device, due FWM several modes are enhanced

in amplitude and locked in the phase. The distance between the enhanced modes

is the mm-wave generation carrier. Conversion of high speed data onto this mm-

wave carrier is be demonstrated.


List of Unavailable Abstracts

Heusler Alloys for Spintronic Devices

Tanveer Ashraf

Electrospinning: Fabrication of Nanofibers for Advanced Engineering Applications

Muhammad Rafi

Suppression of Multiphoton Intra-shell Resonances in Li Rydberg atoms

Abdul Waheed

Wheeler's Delayed Choice Experiment: a proposal for Bragg regime cavity QED

implementation

Rameez ul Islam

Highly Efficient photoelectrochemical response by Sea-urchin shaped ZnO-TiO2 nano micro

hybrid heterostructures co-synthesized with CdS/CdSe

Zahid Ali

Epitaxial growth of GaN on c-Plane Sapphire by MBE technique: (Process Optimization)

Atta ullah

The Race for GaN Blue Laser Diode: A Tribute to Akasalxi, Hiroshi & Nakamura

Arshad Mahmood

Lasers in Agriculture and Biophotonics: Recent Research at NILOP

Mushtaq Ahmed


Poster Presentations


A High Repetition Rate Light Source

N. Khan and A. Kalair

Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

Electronic switching limitations impose constraints on data rate communication.

Pulse repetition rates of a light source which emits pulses is defined as the number

of emitted pulses per second. Mode-locked solid state lasers emit with pulse

repetition rates between 50 MHz and a few GHz, but in extreme cases one obtains

up to 10 GHz. High repetition rate feature is based on time interleaved

multiplication of 166MHz Q-switched and mode-locked Nd:YAG laser. The

Nd:YAG laser output consists of 10 pulse envelope each 6ps duration and 6.14ns

apart from one another. The pump pulses were later split and added using ten

stages of beam splitters, delay lines and mirrors so as to shorten inter-pulse period

by half of the original 6.14ns. The repetition rate of resultant output after ten

frequency multiplier stages became 166GHz. The signal was multiplied two times

after each pass and the resultant optical pulses had repetition rate 1000 times the

original signal. Three pairs of pump pulses were used to pump solution of Rh6G

in ethanol to produce nine different wavelengths pulse trains leading to 9x166GHz

(=1.494THz) repetition rate pulses. It produced an array of 90 multiple color

pulses when pumped by 6.14ns delayed ten pulses and 900 when pumped by the

pulse multiplied pumping source. The technique is very simple and the

multiplication or inter-pulse period shortening may be limited by the laser pulse

duration beyond which pulse intensity amplification is likely to occur due to

constructive interferences of time delayed laser pulses within its coherence length.

To measure a short duration pulses it may be stretched using grating and fiber

expanders and compressed after measurement and amplification back to original

size by a well designed and calibrated expander/compressor circuit. Electronic

devices in range of 10 GHz frequencies are available which can be used in parallel

to measure several GHz signals. Electronic materials do not support fast switching

at terahertz speeds. Experimental devices under laboratory conditions work at 100

to 200GHz yet not ready for commercial applications. In the light of above


material limitations high speed fiber optic networks have no option except optical

THz repetition rate light sources. This paper report a simple method of MHz to

THz repetition rate multiplion.


Light Scattering from PEMC Cylinder

Khawaja Masood Ahmed, Ahsan Illahi and Malik Mazhar Ali


Pakistan

The light scattering from a cylinder of PEMC material, having radius “a” and

infinite length is analyzed using the approach of boundary value problem. In this

approach scattered light is presented in the form of unknowns. These unknowns

are found by using boundary conditions. Numerical results are given to show the

effects of co-polarized and cross-polarized echo widths for some selected

parameters.


Scattering and Absorption of Electromagnetic Radiation by a

Sphere

Sadia Khatoon and Ahsan Illahi


Pakistan

A plane wave is made incident on a sphere of radius a. The sphere is imbedded in

an infinite, homogeneous medium. The classical Mie theory for the scattering and

absorption of electromagnetic radiation by a sphere is explored to find the

expansion coefficients which represent the electric and magnetic oscillations of

the amplitude of the fields. These coefficients are then utilized to the calculation

of the physical parameters characterizing the sphere and its surroundings. The

obtained numerical results are then compared with the published literature and

found in good agreement.


Study of Light Scattering from Nihility Cylinder

Malik Mazhar Ali, Ahsan Illahi and Khawaja Masood Ahmed


Pakistan

Scattering of light from cylindrical structure composed of nihility medium has

been observed. Radius of cylinder is taken as “a” and length is taken as infinite.

Response of the scattering width has been obtained by using method of boundary

value. The numerical results are compared with the published literature under

some special conditions results reduced to published results.


Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Liquid

Medium

Afsar Bano and Yasir Jamil

1Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

The capability of laser ablation in liquid medium for the synthesis of nanoparticles

was analyzed. Pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm and 532 nm was used

to ablate the Al and Ag targets in deionized water. Equal energies 102.4mJ for

1064 nm and 51.2mJ for 532 nm of the laser were used in the two cases of Al and

Ag. It was observed that after laser beam interaction with Al and Ag the colorless

solution was converted into opaque and grayish green solution. The colors of the

solutions reflect the particle size of the synthesized nanoparticles. These

nanoparticles were characterized by SEM. To check the stability after 20 days of

preparation, the solution of Ag nanoparticles was again characterized by SEM. It

was concluded that the Nd:YAG laser irradiation in liquid medium is a very good

tool for the synthesis of Stable nanoparticles.


Photoluminescence Effect on Phosphorous Irradiated ZnO

Nanotetrapods Synthesized by Simple Thermal Oxidation Method

Bushra Aziz, Abdul Majid and Nasar Ahmad

Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan

ZnO nano tetrapods were synthesized by simple thermal oxidation method

in a furnace through the vapors solid mechanism. The effects of irradiation

on the tetrapods of Zinc Oxide for phosphorous ion beam doses (1x1014

),

1x1015

ions/cm2) having irradiation energy of 1MeV delivered with the help of

Pelletron Tandom Accelerator at room temperature were studied. After

irradiation these samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope

(SEM), and photoluminescence (PL). Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of our

samples show that before irradiation there were only two peaks related to band

edge (3.28eV) and deep level emission (2.85eV). After irradiation near band

emission and deep level emission were seen, these emission peaks increase

with increasing dose value. These emission peaks are defects related peaks

due to phosphorous atom. The PL spectra suggests that the emission lines

at 3.31 and 3.34 eV can be attributed to a conduction band to the

phosphorus-related acceptor transition and a donor to the acceptor pair transition,

respectively. The defects nature is shallow defects.


Entanglement Dynamics of a Single Three Level V-Type Atom

Interacting with Two Mode Cavity Field.

Ikhlaque Ahmed, Maiyda Arshad and Samia Qadeer


Pakistan

Two goals are considered in this work. (i) to generate the entanglement between

different modes of cavity field, (ii) to observe the collapse and revival phenomena

in the system. For this we have considered the three level v-type atom initially in

the superposition of upper two levels, interacting with the two mode cavity field

which are initially in vaccum state. After interaction the atom is determined in the

ground level and as a result the two cavity modes got entangled. In our further

research, we have studied Rabi frequencies and their collapse and revival

phenomenon.


Spectroscopic Studies of Soil from the Junction of Indian and

Eurasian Tectonic Plates

Imran Rehan1, Sami Ul Haq

2, Kamran Rehan

3 and Riaz Muhammad

1†

1Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan

2National Institute of Laser and Optronics, P.O Nilore-Islamabad, Pakistan


Pakistan

We report the spectroscopic analysis of soil samples collected at different

equidistant locations on both sides of the joint of the Eurasian and Indian tectonic

plates in the Kashmir valley. Nd:YAG laser has been used to generate plasma on

the target surface and the emission spectra were recorded using LIBS2000

spectrometer. We have detected Al, Fe, Mg, N, S, Si, C and Ca in the emission

spectra and their relative concentration has been determined by normalizing with

Ca line at 422.67nm and intensity ratio method. It is shown that the concentration

of carbon varies in a systematic way with increasing tendency towards the centre

of the fault line. However, a random variation is observed in the concentrations of

other elements like Al, Fe, Mg, N, S and Si across the fault line. Furthermore, the

laser induced soil plasma has been characterized by measuring plasma

temperature (Te) and electron number density (Ne). The plasma parameters and

other measurements are made under the assumption that the plasma is in local

thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE).


Laser ablation: An effective method to synthesize nanoparticles

Kamran Amin1, Rizwan Ahmed

2, Muhammad Javed Iqbal

1 and M. A Baig

2

1Preston Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

2Atomic and Laser Physics, National Center for Physics (NCP), Islamabad

The laser ablation has proved an efficient way to fabricate nanomaterials of metal,

semiconductor and polymers with ease and versatility. Silicon is an important

substance widely used in solar cells and has diverse optical properties, which

make it interesting and potential material for researchers. In this work four

samples of silicon nanoparticle were synthesized by the well-known laser ablation

method using an Nd:YAG laser. The effect of different Laser Fluence

(energy/cm2) on the particle size formation was studied. Both the wavelength of

the laser and Ablation Time of bulk silicon sample were kept constant during the

synthesis. After synthesis the samples were subjected to the UV/VIS

spectroscopy, DRS and XRD analysis. The Ablation Efficiencies were found to be

higher at higher Laser Fluence. Similarly, the average particle size of silicon

nanoparticles also decreased with increase in Laser Fluence. Band gap was also

calculated and it was noted that band gap increases as decrease in particle size or

increase in Laser Fluence.


Effects of Light in Society and Daily Life

Muhammad Shahzad Shifa and Muhamamd Azhar Iqbal

Department of Physics, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

The light in nature is the subject that unifies humanity. It is the universal resources

by which humanity perceives itself and where human beings see their place in the

world. It was late nineteenth century that scientists try to revealed the exact identity

of light. Maxwell showed that electric and magnetic fields travel in the manner of

waves and that those waves move essentially at the speed of light. This allowed

Maxwell to predict that light itself was carried by electromagnetic waves – which

means light is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Albert Einstein, who was

inspired by Maxwell, said that he changed the world forever. We observe many

things in our daily life eye catching man made sights even the nature sceneries lost

their beauty, despite of all the inventions and discovers of world everything is dark

in the absence of light. Lightning of roads and traffic lights on motorway saving

many precious lives. Moreover light exposure: on bio-life, behaviors, and health is

a rapidly advancing field.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/people/james_clerk_maxwell


Role of Light in Chemical and Biochemical Analysis

Rafia Rehman1, Muhammad Asif Hanif

1, Muhammad Zahid

1, Zahid Mushtaq

1,

Rabeea Muzaffar1 and Afsar Bano

2

1University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan


Pakistan

Electromagnetic radiations, including light, have characteristics of waves and

particles. Each particle of light i.e. Photon has a discrete amount of energy that

can be transferred to a molecule present in chemical or biochemical sample. A

constantly changing magnitude of electric and magnetic fields is associated with

the transverse waves of electromagnetic radiation in directions that

are perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave. These changes in

the electric and magnetic fields can cause changes in molecules. Electromagnetic

radiation can be transmitted, absorbed, or reflected by matter, and each region of

the spectrum can be used to investigate different aspects of the structure and

properties of molecules present in chemical or biochemical samples, depending on

the amount of energy imparted to the molecule. The absorption of radiation by

matter is a quantized process, in that a molecule will only absorb radiation of

certain discrete frequencies. These frequencies are determined by well-defined

energy levels in the molecule under investigation.

A group of analytical techniques which is based on the measurement of

interactions between electromagnetic radiation and matter is spectroscopy. Many

spectroscopic techniques are being used on a daily basis to gain insight into the

structure of molecules or the concentration of atoms or molecules in a chemical or

biochemical sample. The radio waves and infrared radiation are used to determine

the structure of a new molecule. Ultraviolet radiations are used to determine the

concentration of a particular element in a rock or mineral or organic samples. The

regular spacing of atoms in a molecule can create a diffraction pattern of x rays.

By examining the diffraction pattern, the arrangement of atoms in a molecule can

be accurately determined. Fluorescence spectroscopy uses higher energy photons

to excite a sample, which will then emit lower energy photons. This technique has


become popular for its biochemical and medical applications, and can be used for

confocal microscopy, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and fluorescence

lifetime imaging.

The conventional microscope uses visible light to illuminate and produce a

magnified image of a sample. A fluorescence microscope, on the other hand, uses

a much higher intensity light source which excites a fluorescent species in a

sample of interest. This fluorescent species in turn emits a lower energy light of a

longer wavelength that produces the magnified image instead of the original light

source. Thus light is playing a significant role in chemical and biochemical

analysis.


Fast Response n-GaN metal-Semiconductor-Metal (MSM)

Photodetector

T. Munir1, Z. Muhammad

2, M. Fakhar-e-Alam

1, A. Shahzad

1, N. Amin

1

1Physics department, Govt College University Faisalabad. Pakistan

2Microelectronics Division/Center of Excellence in Solid State Physics,University of the

Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

The low dark current and fast response speed are the current challenges of MSM

photodetector. The metallization on MSM structure is a crucial factor, since it

strongly influences on the performance of a device. The various high work

function Schottky metal Pt, Pd and Ni on n-GaN MSM photodetector have been

simulated under various temperatures from 300K ~500K to study the electrical (I-

V) and optical transient behavior. It was found that Pt metal on n-GaN shows

lowest dark current and fast response to optical signal compared to Pdand Ni

metals at room temperature.


Scattering of Plane Wave by a Conducting Cylinder

Poonam Khan and Ahsan Illahi


Pakistan

A plane wave is made incident on a cylinder of radius a. The cylinder is imbedded

in an infinite, homogeneous medium. Using the classical scattering theory, the

incident and scattered fields are formulated. The unknown coefficients in the

scattered fields are found by solving the boundary value problem. Numerical

results are obtained by plotting the far zone scattered fields. Furthermore, these

coefficients are then utilized for the calculation of the physical parameters

characterizing the cylinder and its surroundings. The obtained numerical results

are then compared with the published literature and found in good agreement.


Three-Dimensional Atom Localization

Rahmat Ullah, Muqaddar Abbas and Sajid Qamar

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

The interaction of hot atoms with laser fields experiences a Doppler shift which

can severely affect the precise spatial measurement of an atom. We suggest an

experimentally realizable scheme to address this issue in three-dimension position

measurement of a single atom in vapors of rubidium atoms. Three-level type

atom-field configuration is considered where a moving atom interacts with three

orthogonal standing-wave laser fields and spatial information of the atom in 3D

space is obtained via upper-level population using a weak probe laser field. The

atom moves with a velocity ‘v’ along the probe laser field and due to the Doppler

broadening the precision in the spatial information deteriorates significantly. It is

reported that via a microwave field the precision in the position measurement of

the single atom can be obtained in the hot rubidium atom overcoming the

limitation posed by the Doppler shift.


Effect of Ambient Gas Pressure on Directed Velocities and Line

Profiles in the Expanding Laser Produced Aluminum Plasma

Sadia Haleem, Saira Arif and Mohammad Aslam Khan

Physics Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad,

Pakistan

Laser produced plasmas from an aluminum target in air and Ar gas ambience

varying from vacuum, subatmospheric to atmospheric pressures in the transverse

and axial direction of incident laser beam were investigated. The plasmas were

produced by focusing the second harmonic of a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser (λ =

532nm) on an Al target placed inside a vacuum chamber using a 40 cm focal

length lens. Behavior of spectral line intensities and line profiles in laser produced

plasmas belonging to Al I, Al II, Ar I, Ar II, O I, O II, N I and N II as a function

of ambient pressures and different laser energies were studied. Different excited

states showed different behavior under different experimental conditions of

ambient pressure and laser intensity. Electron temperatures and electron densities

inside these plasmas were also determined that ranged from to 7109 K to 11514 K

and from 3.2×1017

cm-3

to 4.91 × 1017

cm-3

respectively. The velocities of atoms

and ions in fast expanding plasmas at low pressures were determined from the

measured Doppler shifts of central frequencies and ranged between 1.90 × 106

cm/s and 3.27 × 106 cm/s.


Spectroscopy of Laser Induced Zinc Plasmas under Different

Experimental Conditions of Laser Irradiance and Ambient

Pressures

Kamran Rehan and Mohammad Aslam Khan

Physics Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad,

Pakistan

Laser induced plasma from a zinc target was produced in air at atmospheric

pressure and under different experimental conditions including vacuum

conditions, different sub-atmospheric air pressures and different laser energies.

Second harmonic @ 532 nm of Nd:YAG laser was used. The laser pulse energy

was varied from 240 mJ to 400 mJ per pulse whereas the ambient pressure was

varied from 2x10-4

mbar to 800 mbar. Variations of spectral emission intensities

with ambient pressures and laser energies were studied. Electron temperature was

found to vary form 7345 K to 11870 K for zinc plasma created under different

experimental conditions. Similarly electron number density was determined under

different conditions of pressure and laser pulse energies and found to vary in the

range of 4.028 x 1016

cm-3

to 1.17 x 1018

cm-3

. Calculations of Inverse-

Bremsstrahlung absorption coefficients were carried out to study its variations

with laser energy and ambient pressure and showed variations from 0.95 x 10-

3 cm

-3 to 26.236 x 10

-3 cm

-3 under different experimental conditions. Emitting

atoms/species velocity was investigated and found of the order of 1.4623 x

106 cm/sec.


Author Index


A

Abbas, M. 80

Ahmad, N. 71

Ahmed, I. 72

Ahmed, K. M. 67

Ahmed, M. 29, 61

Ahmed, M. A. 69

Ahmed, R. 74

Ali, G. B. 35

Ali, M. M. 67, 69

Ali, S. B. 27

Ali, Z. 61

Allegrini, M. 12

Altan 23

Altan, H. 23

Amin, K. 74

Amin, M. Y. 35

Amin, N. 78

Amjad, R. J. 57

Anwar, J. 33

Anwar, M. S. 27, 52

Arif, A. 81

Arif, S. 48, 55

Arshad, M. 72

Ashraf, T. 61

Aziz, B. 71

B

Baig, M. A. 74

Bano, A. 76

BANO, A. 70

Batishche, S. 48

Batool, A. 55

Bhutta, M. K. 6, 21

Bushuk, S. 48

C

Chaudhry, I. 22

Chaudry, A. Z. 44

Chuang, Y-L. 47

Coskun, F. M. 39

D

Degirmenci, F. D. 39

E

Elsayed-Ali, H. E. 7

F

Fakhar-e-Alam, M. 78

Faryad, M. 54

Fathallah, H. 59

G

Ge, G. 18

Ghafoor, F. 34

Goldoni, A. 13

Gul, A. 55

H

Haleem, S. 81

Hanif, M. A. 76

Hannan, H. A. 46

Haq, S. 73

Hassan, M. U. 50

Hussain, A. H. 45

Hussain, Z. 9

I

Ikram, M. 30

Illahi, A. 68, 69, 79

Illahi, A. I 67

Iqbal, M. A. 75

Iqbal, M. J. 74

Ishiguro, R. 52

Ishihara, K. N. 38

Islam, R. 61

J

JAMIL, Y. 70

Jan, M. 43

K

Kalair, A. 36, 65

Kang, S. J. 52

Kautek, W. 48

Khan, M. A. 55, 81, 82

Khan, M. Z. 56

Khan, N. 36, 65

Khan, P. 79

Khan, S. 43

Khatoon, S. 68

Köse, M. E. 39

Kouzmouk, A. 48

L

Lee, R-K. 47

Lee, S. R. 52

M

Maeno, Y. 52


Mahmood, A. 61

Majid, A. 71

Mangi, G. R. 58

Martínez, J. L. 45

Memon, M. I. 59

Muhammad, R. 73

Muhammad, Z. 78

Munir, T. 78

Mushtaq, Z. 76

Muzaffar, R. 76

N

Nauman, M. 40

Ng, S. X. 17

Noh, T. W. 52

O

Okumura, H. 38

Omer, O. M. 42

Q

Qadeer, S. 72

Qamar, S. 19, 47, 80

Qureshi, S. 58

Qureshi, T. T. 46

R

Rafi, M. 61

Raja, M. Y. A. 4, 25

Rajabi, M. 51

Rashid, A. K. 40

Rassem, M. A. 35

Rehan, K. 73, 82

Rehan, R. 73

Rehman, R. 76

Riza, N. A. 3, 20

S

Sandner, W. 10

Sarwar, N. 58

Shaban, E. A. 35

Shahzad, A. 78

Shaukat, S. F. 57

Shifa, M. S. 75

Shin, Y. J. 52

Sugimoto, Y. 52

T

Tabassum, S. 38

Takayanagi, H. 52

Tallents, G. 11

Tano, Y. 52

Tatur, H. 48

U

ullah, A. 61

Ullah, R. 80

W

Waheed, A. 61

Wong, C. S. 56

Y

Yamasue, E. 38

Yap, S. L. 56

Yaqoob, Z. 24, 28

Yasmin, N. 58

Yonezawa, S. 52

Z

Zahid, M. 76

Zaidi, S. M. H. 26

Ziauddin 47


List of Participants LAST NAME: FIRST NAME: Email: Affiliation/ Address

ABAS NAEEM [email protected] Electrical Engineering/ Renewable Energy Lab,

Engineering Block

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Pakistan

ABBAS TASAWAR [email protected] Department of Physics,


ABBAS MUQADDAR [email protected] Department of Physics,


ABBASI SHAHAB AHMED

[email protected] Department of Physics, University of AJ&K, Chelah Bandi Campus, Muzaffarabad, AJ&K,

Pakistan

AHMED IKHLAQUE [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

AHMED MUSHATQ [email protected] National Institute of Laser & Optronics, Lehtarar Road, Post Office Nilore, Islamabad,

Pakistan

AHMED KHAWAJA MASOOD

[email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

AHSAN MUHAMMAD [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

AKHTAR MAHMOOD [email protected] Department of Physics, Mirpur University of Science and Technology

(MUST) Mirpur AJ & K, Pakistan

Ali ARSLAN [email protected] Department of Physics, Mirpur University of Science and Technology


ALI NAZAKAT [email protected] Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

ALI SHAHID [email protected] Department of Physics,

University of Peshawar, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan

ALI MALIK MAZHAR


Islamabad, Pakistan

ALI ISKHAR [email protected] Department Of Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

AMEER MUHAMMAD

KHADIM

[email protected] Physics Department,

Govt. College University Faisalabad, Pakistan

AMIN TARIQ [email protected] Department of Physics,

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

AMIN GUL [email protected] Department VSD,

AWC, Wah Cantt. Pakistan

AMIN KAMRAN [email protected] Preston Institute of Nano Science and Technology (PINSAT)

Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan

AMIR MOMINA [email protected] Preston Institute of Nano Science and Technology (PINSAT)


ANIS SIDRA [email protected] International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan

ANWAR JAVAID [email protected] Department of Physics,


ANWAR MUHAMMAD

SABIEH

[email protected] Department of Physics

Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Opposite Sector U, DHA Lahore

54792,Pakistan

ANWAR NADIA [email protected] Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

ARIF SAIRA [email protected] Department of Physics,


ARSHAD MAIYDA [email protected] Department of Physics,



ASHRAF RIZWAN [email protected] Department of Physics,

COMSATS Institute of Information

Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

ASIF TAIMOOR [email protected] Preston Institute of Nano Science and Technology

(PINSAT) Preston University, Islamabad, Pakistan

AYUB MUHAMMAD [email protected] Linac Project, PINSTECH

P. O. Nilore, Islamabad Pakistan

AZAM SEHRISH [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

AZIZ BUSHRA [email protected] Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir

Bagh, Pakistan

AZIZ LIAQUAT [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

BANO AFSAR [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

BATOOL ASMA [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

BHATTI ARSHAD [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

CHAUDHRY MADEEHA [email protected] Department of Biosciences,


Islamabad, Pakistan

DEGIRMENCI FATIH [email protected] TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Materials

Institute, P.O. Box 54, 41470, Gebze/Kocaeli,

Turkey

EHSAN ZAHIDA [email protected] Department of Physics,


Lahore, Pakistan

FARYAD MUHAMMAD [email protected] Department of Physics

Lahore University of Management Sciences

(LUMS), Opposite Sector U, DHA Lahore 54792,Pakistan

FARYAL [email protected] Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

FATIMA MAHNOOR [email protected]

GHAFOOR FAZAL [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

GHOURI MUHAMMAD

DANIYAL

[email protected] Preston Institute of Nano Science and Technology

(PINSAT)


GUL ASGHARI [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

HAIDER AWAIS [email protected] Quaid-i-azam university Islamabad, Pakistan

HALEEM SADIA [email protected] Department of Physics,


HAMID NAIRA [email protected] Department of Physics,


HANIF MUHAMMAD [email protected] Pharmacy/ Akson College of Health Sciences,

Department of Physics, Mirpur University of Science and Technology


HASHMI FAHEEL [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

HASSAN MUHAMMAD UMAIR


Islamabad, Pakistan

HASSNY GULTIAZ [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan


HAYAT AAMIR [email protected] Department of Physics, SBASSE

Lahore University of Management Sciences

(LUMS), Opposite Sector U, DHA Lahore 54792,Pakistan

HAYEE IRFAN [email protected] COMSATS Headquarters,

Shahrah-e-Jamhuriat, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan

HUSSAIN ANWAR [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

HUSSAIN SAFDAR [email protected] Physics Department,


IFTIKHAR POONAM [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

IKRAM MASROOR [email protected] Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences,

P. O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan

ILYAS IFFAT [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

IQBAL MUHAMMAD AZHAR

[email protected] Department of Physics Govt. College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad

IQBAL MUHAMMAD WAQAR


Islamabad, Pakistan

JAFAR FARZANA [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

JAMIL MUHAMMAD [email protected] Department of VSD, AWC, Wah Cantt, Pakistan

JAN ABID [email protected] COMSATS Headquarters,

Shahrah-e-Jamhuriat G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan

JAVED FAIZA [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

JAVEDD MUHAMMAD [email protected] Department of Physics, University of Malakand,

Chakdara, Dir Lower, KPK

KAINAT RIMSHA [email protected] Preston Institute of Nano Science and Technology (PINSAT)


KALAIR ANAM [email protected] Electrical Engineering Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

KALAIR NASRULLAH KHAN

[email protected] Electrical Engineering Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

KAMRAN MUHAMMAD [email protected] Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Opposite Sector U, DHA Lahore

54792,Pakistan

KHALID RAMEEZA [email protected] Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan

KHAN MOHAMMAD

ASLAM

[email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

KHAN MUHAMMAD

ZUBAIR

[email protected] /

[email protected]

Department of Applied Physics,

Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science &

Technology Islamabad, Pakistan

KHAN WALIULLAH [email protected] COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

KHAN SALMAN [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

KHATOON SADIA [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

KHAWAJA IMTIAZ ULLAH

[email protected] Hazara University Mansehra (KPK), Pakistan


KHIZAR MUHAMMAD [email protected]

m

Whirlpool Corporation, World Headquarter,

Research & Engineering Technology Center, 750 Monte RD. MD5130, Benton Harbor, MI 49022,

USA

MAHMOOD SHAUKAT [email protected] Department of Physics,

Mirpur University of Science and Technology


MUBASHIR TALHA [email protected] Preston Institute of Nano Science and Technology (PINSAT)


MUJTABA ABID [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

MUNIR TARIQ [email protected] Physics Department, Govt. College University Faisalabad, Pakistan

MUSADIQ MUHAMMAD [email protected] Department of Physics,


NAEEM MUHAMMAD

AZHAR

[email protected] Department of Electrical Engineering, CEET,

Quaid-i-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

NAEEM

MUGHAL

MUHAMMAD [email protected] COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

QADEER SAMIA [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

QAMAR SAJID [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

QURESHI ABDUL MAJID [email protected] COMSATS Headquarters,

Shahrah-e-Jamhuriat, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan

RAJA M. YASIN AKHTAR

[email protected] Physics & Optical Science, University of North Carolina, Charlotte,USA/

Center for Optoelectronics & Optical

Communications, 9201 University City Blvd.

Charlotte, NC, 28223-0001, USA

RATTU KHIZAR

HAYAT



RAZA AADIL [email protected] COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

REHAN KAMRAN [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

REHAN IMRAN [email protected] Department of Applied Physics,

Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science &

Technology Islamabad, Pakistan

REHAN MUHAMMAD [email protected] Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi,

Pakistan

REHMAN RAFIA [email protected] Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

SADIQ SANA [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

SAEED FAISAL [email protected] Department of Physics,


SHAHZAD FARRAKH [email protected] Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

SHAUKAT SALEEM [email protected] Department of Physics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Lahore, Pakistan

SHEHZAD NAUMAN [email protected] Huqooq-ul-Ebad Development Foundation

SHIFA MUHAMMAD

SHAHZAD

[email protected] Physics Department,


SIDDIQI MADIHA SABEEN


Islamabad, Pakistan

SOHAIL MUHAMMAD [email protected] International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan


SUMMER FAIZA [email protected] Department of Physics,

COMSATS Institute of Information

Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan

TAHIR MUHAMMAD SULEMAN

[email protected] COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad

TARIQ SIDRAH [email protected] Department of Physics,


UDDIN ZIA [email protected] Department of Physics,


ULLAH RAHMAT [email protected] Department of Physics,


WAQAS MUHAMMAD [email protected] COMSATS Institute of Information Technology,

Islamabad, Pakistan

YAQEEN SAMAYYA [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

YAQOOB ZAHID [email protected] Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cambridge, MA, USA

YASIN HAFIZ

MOHAMMAD



Islamabad, Pakistan

YOUSAF MADIHA [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

ZAFAR WAJIHA [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

ZAFAR WAJIHA [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

ZAMAN ALI [email protected] Department of Physics,


Islamabad, Pakistan

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