Land of the Rising Sun

Ch. 12 Sec. 2 pp.376-379

Ch. 15 Sec. 4 pp. 481-482

Years of Isolation

Isolated and unchanged for 200 yrsHomogenous societyTightly controlled by Shoguns

Admiral Perry (1853)Treaty of Knagawa (1854)

PUCCINI-1904

Meiji Restoration

Mutsuhito forces modernization Western Influence

Germany-Gov’t and ArmyBritish-NavyU.S.A.-Education

Infrastructure and Trade

Imperial Japan Strong Military Sino-Japanese War (1894) Russo-Japanese War (1904)

Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)

Annexation of Korea (1910) 1920’s see a more democratic Japan

1922-Treaty to respect China bordersKellogg-Briand Pact renounces war (1928)

Japanese Militarism Depression of 1929

Gov’t blamed, Military seizes control

Emperor Hirohito glorified through extreme nationalism

Planned to fix economy through foreign expansion

Seized Manchuria in 1931Left League of Nations

(1933) Rape of Nanjing (1937)

Bolshevik Revolution

Nicholas II

Russia In Turmoil 1850-1900

Crimean War (1854) Alexander III

RussificationPogroms

NihlismPopulismMarxism

Social Unrest Embarrassment of Russo-Japanese War 1905 Riots

“Bloody Sunday” Jan. 22, 1905 Gov’t unable to help Slavs Centuries of serfdom and industrialization

had severed society

Russia in WWI 25% of army did not have guns All food and resources went to the military Czar Nicholas II lost support of people Riots forced Czar abdication

March Revolutions (1917)

Unsuccessful provisional gov’t put in place P. 437

Rasputin

“Peace, Land, and Bread” Germany sends Lenin to Russia Bolsheviks overthrow gov’t and

declare a communist state Brest-Livotsk Treaty 1918 Civil war (1918-1920)

Red-BolsheviksWhites-Conservatives

Created Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922

Dictatorship of Communism-1924

Joseph Stalin

Rose through party Gained power in 1928

Exiled Leon Trotsky

Implemented Totalitarianism (p.441)Police Terror IndoctrinationPropaganda and CensorshipReligious/Ethnic PersecutionEconomic Reforms

Life after the War

Great Britain

Great Britain lost its economic position after the war

Britain had civil unrest among the workers due to high unemployment (India)

Ireland gains independence in 1921

France WWI destroyed much of

France Economic troubles

prevented France from rebuilding quickly

Political struggles erupted between Fascists and Socialists

Built the Maginot Line

United States U.S. replaced G.B. as

new great power Loaned money to

European countries to rebuild (Dawes Plan)

Overproduction and low demand lead to stock market crash-1929

Weimar Republic Treaty of Versailles embarrassed Germany and

created civil unrestDolchtoss Theory

Political instabilityArticle 48-gave president rule for 4 monthsReichstag-480 members voted for a party15 national elections between 1921-19267 major political parties

SPD (Socialists) had control and voted on Treaty

Reichstag

Economic Unrest Reparations prevent growth High Unemployment France occupation of Ruhr

region German Inflation

1914- 4.2 Reichmarks (R.M)=$11919- 8.9 R.M. = $11923-130 Billion R.M. = $11924- 4.2 Trillion R.M. = $1

Dawes Plan

U.S. fears other countries won’t pay loans and rise of socialism

Restructured reparations and gave Germany loans to rebuild

1925-1929 saw golden years of Weimar under Hindenburg

Stability weakens influence of extremist political parties