Thailand’sBiotechnology

Biotechnology Over the past two decades, the biotechnology industry has been a strong pillar in Thailand’s national development plan, transforming Thailand into a knowledge-based and high value-added economy. Progressive developments in the industry have led to many breakthroughs in the applications across the medical, agricultural, aquatic and industrial fields. Earning the reputation as the medical hub of Asia, a global leader in agriculture and one of the top five food exporters in the world, the Kingdom demonstrates strong competency in taking biotechnology further ahead, as well as raising the competitiveness and self-reliance of the country in the coming years.

The creation of the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) in 1983 marked an important milestone for Thailand’s biotechnology industry by laying a solid foundation for strong future developments. Thereafter, various public and private institutions, including universities, the National Science and Technology Agency (NSTDA), the Thailand Center of Excellence for Life Sciences (TCELS) and the Board of Investment (BOI), have continuously striven to strengthen the industry, enabling it to flourish in Thailand. Under the Biotechnology Development Policy Framework 2012-2021, the Thai government is a driving force in stimulating developments and fostering growth within the industry, in an effort to transform Thailand into the center of biotechnology in Asia. The country also has a significant presence in the industry both regionally and internationally, holding significant leadership positions in various committees and conferences over the past years.

Across the Kingdom, there are over 165 emerging biotechnology firms. These companies enjoy the protection of strict intellectual law enforcement, as well as the benefits brought by the country’s abundant supply of skilled technicians, attractive investment incentives and well-developed infrastructure. These attractive factors of Thailand allow investors to avoid complications arising from intellectual property issues and labor shortages, which are prevalent in other low-cost competing countries such as China and India.

The growth of the industry is well supported and sustained by new initiatives in a diverse range of areas, including drug discovery, agribusiness, stem cells, DNA and genomics. Both the public and private sectors play a critical role in unleashing the potential and investment value embodied in Thailand’s biotechnology framework. One of the most notable public-private sector cooperation is the BIOTEC-Novartis Drug Discovery Partnership.

Without a doubt, the biotechnology industry in Thailand has been growing. During the past few years, we have seen substantial investment in both research & development and manufacturing of bio-pharmaceutics and vaccines.

Recently, several consortia have also been established to share the pool of expertise and resources from the government, the private sector and academics in order to increase capacity in research and development. An example is the Think Algae group which is a research network including King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Thonburi, Chulalongkorn University, Mahidol University, PTT, the PTT Research Institute, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Petroleum Institute of Thailand, and the National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology with the aim to conduct R&D leading to commercialized oil from algae.

-Dr. Kanyawim Kirtikara,Executive Director of National Center for Genetic Engineering and

Biotechnology (BIOTEC)-

Thailand Biotechnology Development Policy

Currently, the National Science Technology and Innovat ion Policy Office (STI) is working in cooperation with the National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) to put the finishing touches on the Biotechnology Development Policy Framework 2012-2021. This multi-billion baht plan aims to promote sustainable growth in the biotechnology industry through research funding, strategy mapping and investment incentives. Under the policy framework, great emphasis will be placed on enhancing R&D in the private sector and utilizing the intellectual capital created from the biotech revolution to fortify the country’s overall competitiveness.

Biotechnology Applications in Thailand Applications of biotechnology in Thailand include Agriculture (Green Biotechnology), Medicine (Red Biotechnology), Industry (White Biotechnology) and Marine/Aquatics (Blue Biotechnology).

Green Biotechnology: Agricultural Applications Thailand boasts one of the most advanced food processing industries in Southeast Asia. Comprised of over 10,000 food-processing companies, the export-oriented food industry generated US$27 billion in 2010, marking a 30% increase from 2007. The industry is expected to surpass US$33 billion within

the next two years. Leveraging its rich agricultural roots and abundant natural resources, Thailand has attained reputable status not only regionally but also worldwide, being the sole net food exporter in Asia and ranking as one of the top five world net food exporters. Furthermore, dedicated government and industry efforts in promoting high quality and sanitation standards, coupled with significant technology investments and development of new products targeted at developed economies including Japan and the EU, have continuously propelled the growth of exports and earned Thailand the title of the “Kitchen of the World.”

Advancements in biotechnology further cemented its regional leadership as a major agricultural exporter through the creation of new products, improvement of existing products and increased food safety. Additionally, biotechnology also enhances crop yields and reduces the costs of agricultural products, boosting the overall commercial value of the food sector. At the same time, strict adherence to top-notch quality and hygiene standards is pivotal to the success in the global food processing industry. Investments in biotechnology research and development facilities enable product development and improvements in product quality, allowing strong and persistent growth of the industry.

Current Green Biotechnology pro jects in Tha i land inc lude field testing recombinant DNA techniques in transgenic plants to yield resistance to diseases, pests and abiotic stress; enhancements in the nutritional value of rice and its tolerance to flooding, drought and disease; germplasm collection in plants such as cucumber, chili, sweet corn, rice, cassava and sugarcane; trait selection such as aroma marker and submergence tolerance marker; and small particle cassava starch development for use in the pharmaceutical and food industries. To date, more than 80 agro-businesses have invested in the country. Biotechnology assists these companies to upgrade their products and strengthen their R&D capabilities, increasing their overall competitiveness.

Plant Breeding Development

In Thailand, technologies, such as Marker Assisted Selection (MAS), gene discovery and transformation systems, are adopted for plant breeding with desired traits, including markers for fragrance, cooking quality and disease resistance in rice, and sweetness in sugarcane. For example, MAS is used with conventional breeding to breed Khao Dawk Mali (KDML) 105 fragrant rice varieties resistant to flooding, bacterial leaf blight and brown leafhopper.

Genetic Engineering Policy: Transgenic plants

The National Biotechnology and Biosafety Policy framework focused on utilizing biotechnology for the prosperity of the business, the self-sufficient economy, and the wellness of society. The National Biotechnology Policy Committee issued a genetically modified organisms (GMO) roadmap for building R&D capabilities from research and development to commercialization. Thailand has adopted the Biosafety guidelines in 1992 for laboratory work and field work and planned release and now Thailand is preparing to develop a Biosafety law.

Diseases Diagnosis and Services

Bioactive ingredients, such as the monoclonal antibodies specific to plant diseases, are developed to detect diseases and select tolerant traits. For example, white leaf disease test kits are developed and used in the sugarcane industry. On the other hand, the seed industry is also working on generating solutions to detect crop diseases.

Red Biotechnology: Medical Applications

As a world leader in medical services and tourism, Thailand offers leading-edge technological infrastructure, as well as premium services and quality of care, on par with those of other developed countries, but at a highly affordable cost. The Kingdom attracts approximately 2 million medical tourists from over 190 countries each year. Foreign patients visit the country for its broad spectrum of medical and healthcare services, ranging from advanced procedures, such as stem cell treatment, to general treatments like dental care and basic health check-ups. Resulting from the robustness of the sector of medical services, the domestic pharmaceutical and medical market has shown remarkable growth, constituting a market of over US$1 billion.

In addition to being an esteemed healthcare service provider, Thailand has also evolved as a pioneer in building robust health capacity in the region, and a leader of biotechnology research programs, especially in alternative disease solutions for emerging diseases (e.g. avian flu), re-emerging diseases (e.g. HIV and tuberculosis), and topical diseases (e.g. malaria and dengue).

Thailand SNP Discovery Project

The project aims to identify and build a public database of intragenic Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), that are common (allele frequency greater than 5%) among Thai populations. The database has the following uses:• Identification of disease-associated genes for both the candidate gene

approach and systematic genome screening• Pharmacogenomics• Information for the Asian SNP consortium as a contribution from Thailand• Anthropology

Pharmaceutical products

Since its inception in 2005, the BIOTEC-Novartis International Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery Partnership has made much contribution to the exploration of potential uses of micro-organisms and natural compounds as active ingredients for innovative medicine. Owing to the success achieved over the past six years of collaboration, the two organizations extended the partnership for another 3 years to 2014 in January 2012.

White Technology: Industrial Applications

Diagnostic Kits/Services

Thailand has successfully developed numerous biosensor products, including the world’s first commercial biosensors for Avian Influenza H5, the Alpha Thalassemia immunochromatographic strip test, and simple CD4+ lymphocyte test kits that are used for counting CD4 lymphocytes or T-cells in HIV patients.

Meanwhile in the service industry, there are at least three companies providing genetic testing services, which are extremely useful in predicting diseases and preventing medication side effects.

Stem Cell Technology

Under the Medical Council’s regulations on stem-cell treatment, the transplant of bone marrow blood stem cells to treat leukemia is the only approved treatment in Thailand. At the same time, all stem cell research needs to be approved by the Council’s ethics committee.

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Biomass

As an organic and renewable material made from agricultural byproducts of rice, sugarcane, palm oil and rubber, biomass represents an alternative energy source that has high potential to be exploited in Thailand. Thermal energy created through the burning of biomass is an economical and environmentally friendly way to generate electricity. Bolstered by the country’s strong agricultural base, biomass currently accounts for approximately 80% of Thailand’s alternative energy.

Biogas

Biogas is typically produced from the breakdown of organic goods in municipal solid waste, industrial seawater and livestock manure. Due to the constant presence of wastewater and livestock effluent from various agricultural and industrial manufacturing processes, biogas presents incredible opportunities to players interested in exploring this sector, including small-scale producers. Additionally, two main exports of Thailand, tapioca and palm oil, both use production processes that create wastewater byproducts that are used in the generation of biogas.

Ethanol

As the world’s largest exporter of cassava and the second largest exporter of sugar, Thailand has great potential to further increase the production of ethanol, a fuel that uses cassava and sugar as raw materials and can also be mixed with gasoline to produce octane 95 gasohol. In 2011, the production capacity of 19 ethanol plants across the country was 2.93 million liters/day, resulting in an annual total production of 509.61 million liters of ethanol. At present, most of Thailand’s ethanol exports are received by Singapore, Europe and the United Arab Emirates. However, strong but unmet demand for ethanol in China, India, South Korea and Japan represents a sizeable opportunity for Thai ethanol producers to take advantage of.

Biodiesel

The Department of Alternative Energy Development & Efficiency (DEDE) has been actively promoting both the production and the use of biodiesel in the country through the introduction of the Alternative Energy Development Plan in 2008. As of February 2012, 15 biodiesel plants with a total production capacity of 5.3 million liters/day were operating in the country.

Thailand offers a number of favorable factors in respect to the use and production of biodiesel. In terms of raw materials, palm oil, an integral raw material for biodiesel production, can be found in abundant quantities in the country. Home to 582,400 hectares of palm oil cultivation and approximately 50 palm oil mill factories, Thailand is currently the third largest palm oil producer in Asia.

At the other end of the spectrum of biodiesel production, research shows that bio-petrol blends with as little as 2% biodiesel (B2) improve engine parts lubrication. Proven biodegradability, flexibility in use and affordable cost are all factors that suggest strong growth in the consumption of biodiesel in the near future.

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Bioplastics

In an effort to further elevate Thailand’s current status as Asia Pacific’s third largest bioplastics producer to the regional industry leader by 2021, the Thai government initiated a 15-year plan that entails tariff reductions, development of the local bioplastics industry, and the creation of a competitive global market for Thai bioplastics. Currently, Thai bioplastic products are exported to Japan, the EU and the US.

In Thailand, bioplastics can easily be produced from the country’s abundant crops of cassava. In 2011, Thailand produced a total of 25.11 million tons of cassava, claiming the top spot in cassava exports across the world. In an effort to maintain this global position and to ensure a steady supply of cassava, the Thai government implemented a US$54 million five-year action plan to increase cassava yields. As bioplastics are biodegradable, growing sensitivity to climate changes is likely to encourage the public, governments and private companies to evoke greater interest in bioplastics, driving the growth of the industry in the years ahead. With bioplastics currently being used in only 30% of packaging, as well as Thailand holding only 1% of the world’s market share, the Thai bioplastics market is still in its nascent stage, and has huge potential to expand.

Blue Biotechnology: Marine and Aquatic Applications

In 1987, BIOTEC and Chulalongkorn University formed the Marine Biotechnology Research Unit (MBRU), a cooperative research laboratory comprised of academics and researchers from BIOTEC, Chulalongkorn and Srinakharinwirot Universities. In 2003, MBRU was recognized by the Faculty of Science at Chulalongkorn as a center of excellence in marine biotechnology for its prominent research and development. Blue biotechnology research and development in Thailand encompasses the following:

Aquaculture

Sustainable utilization of aquatic plant cultures and improvements in fish and shellfish broodstock performance are two key areas of aquaculture research in Thailand. Research findings are utilized to identify economically-efficient and environmentally-friendly methods to increase aquatic plant and animal production.

Molecular Genetics

Research in molecular genetics is targeted at understanding the genetics of aquatic organisms at population and molecular levels, and aims to boost the output and management efficiency of the aquaculture industry.

Thailand will host the 8th International Conference on Molecular Genetics and Microbiology (December 2012), during which academic scientists, leading engineers, industry researchers and scholar students from across the world will come together to share their experiences and research results about different aspects of molecular genetics and microbiology, as well as discuss challenges and solutions encountered in the field. Thailand also initiated the Asia-Pacific Genome Consortium in 2004. The shrimp genome project undertook by the Consortium has played a pivotal role in enhancing the understanding of various biological processes and the sustainability of the industry.

Probiotics

The aim of probiotics research in Thailand is twofold: to reduce the cost of fish and shellfish production; and to produce products safe and healthy enough for human consumption. Microbial organisms are studied to improve growth and immune responses of shrimp and fish cultured in impoundment.

Testing Kits

BIOTEC has successfully brought to market a DNA diagnostic kit for detection of shrimp white spot virus and a kit for differentiating degrees of infection of yellow-head virus in black tiger prawns.

Aquaculture Nutrition

Aquaculture nutrition research is primarily focused on economically-cultured marine species. The research group is also examining the nutrition of marine shrimp at various stages in their life cycles.

Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology

The Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology research group carries out investigations on aquaculture within the closed re-circulating seawater system, and examines the use of biomarkers as an indicator for water pollution. An example of biomarker research is the use of metallotionein protein to detect mercury contamination from the oil and gas industries in the Gulf of Thailand.

Marine Biology

Biological studies of marine life are conducted to examine potential natural producers of bioactive compound for aquaculture.

Why Thailand Thailand offers a number of outstanding advantages for companies in the biotech industry. These include:

Skilled Labor

Thailand boasts a robust and technically-equipped workforce, which is well supported by numerous trainings and development programs conducted by government agencies and organizations. Currently, 24 universities across the country have the combined capacity to supply approximately 7,000 students with biotechnology background each year. The National Biotechnology Policy Framework 2012-2021 promises to increase the number of PhD students in biotechnology to 1,500 in the next 5 years. At the same time, BIOTEC is also conducting a regional capacity building program to promote the skills and availability of human resources. Developments in both hard and soft infrastructure, such as good laboratories practice (GLP) and biotechnology parks, ensures the competitiveness of Thailand’s workforce in the biotechnology industry.

Access to markets

The reduction of tariff and non-tariff barriers articulated in free trade agreements between Thailand and India, China, Japan, Australia and ASEAN extends trade opportunities with neighboring countries. Thailand stands

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With the ASEAN Economic Community 2015 approaching, Thailand, with its superb infrastructure and substantial scientific capability and its strategic location in the center of the region, is in an excellent position to facilitate new partnerships that will strengthen the biotech industry of this important region with a fast growing market of 600 million customers.

-Dr. Kanyawim Kirtikara, Executive Director of National Center for Genetic Engineering and

Biotechnology (BIOTEC)-

out amongst neighboring countries because of its bilateral and multilateral collaboration, excellent infrastructure, abundant raw materials, skilled labor, government support, and the central location among ASEAN countries with close proximity to India and China. Furthermore, the launch of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015 will expand the market of biotech industry to Southeast Asia.

Developed Network of Supporting Organizations Government and organizations supporting the growth and competitiveness of biotechnology industry in Thailand include:

National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)

Home to four national research centers (BIOTEC, MTEC, NANOTEC, and NANOTEC) and one technology management center (TMC), the NSTDA acts as a bridge between the requirements of academic research and industry innovation. This autonomous national organization provides technical assistance and R&D grants to both public and private sectors in the industry. NSTDA’s 2011-2016 R&D strategy is focused on the intertwining programs of functional materials, sensor and intelligent systems, digital engineering and service research on areas that are critical to the social and economic development of Thailand. The five target areas are Agriculture & Food, Energy & Environment, Health & Medicine, Bioresources & Community, as well as Manufacturing & Services Industries.

Along with the Thailand Science Park, the TMC provides services including intellectual property management, incubation facilities, industrial consulting and technological upgrading of the private sector. Thailand Science Park (TSP)

Celebrating its 10th anniversary of operations in 2012, the Thailand Science Park is the first technology and innovation hub of Thailand, and serves as a one-stop service center to assist both foreign and local companies engaged in scientific and technological research. TSP is a key hub for research and development where specialists and researchers from industry, academia and NSTDA collaborate to further inspire and stimulate the formation and growth of knowledge-based businesses. A strong network of 1,600 full-time researchers and technicians, of which around 400 hold doctorate degrees, can be found at TSP.

Phase I of TSP, with 140,000 square meters of built-up space, is fully occupied by the four national research centers and over 60 corporate tenants, including international biotechnology companies such as Ecolab, Air Products, Alltech Biotechnology, Shiseido and Maine Biotechnology, all of which have regional research centers located within the park.

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To meet rapidly growing demands, TSP is currently undergoing expansion a Phase II complex. Creating an additional 127,000 square meter of total floor area, the complex is expected to be operational by 2013, and will be equipped with a BSL-3 (biosafety level-3) laboratory to support biotech business.

KMUTT biopharmaceutical cGMP Pilot Plant

Recently opened in 2012, the KMUTT biopharmaceutical current good manufacturing process (cGMP) Pilot Plant was built under the partnership of King Mongkut University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) and BIOTEC. Overall, the facilities provide numerous benefits in multiple aspects. In terms of education, cGMP provides students with hands-on experience of working at large-scale facilities, developing skilled labor to fulfill the needs within the biopharmaceutical industry. For companies, the facilities enable them to reduce significant investment and testing costs. At the same time, the plant generates an important source of revenue for the university. It can be expected that the plant will make significant and valuable contributions to Thailand’s biopharmaceutical industry in the long run.

Research and Development Certification Committee Secretariat (RDC)

The RDC, a unit under the supervision of the NSTDA, provides support to the private sector in the areas of technology research and development investment. Working closely with the Revenue Department, the RDC grants tax privileges that serve to promote and attract investment in science and technology within the private sector. These privileges also aim to stimulate innovations in product and production procedures of the private sector, raising the overall competence of the nation in science and technology. Tax amounting to twice the expense of the company’s corporate income tax can be deducted for approved projects.

Thailand Center of Excellence for Life Sciences (TCELS)

TCELS was established as a center of knowledge management in 2003 to add value in health biosciences. Its primary functions are to support the establishment of bioscience companies in Thailand; develop the basic infrastructure to increase product value, service and investment; set up funding for business; and bridge the public and private sectors in the development of products, business and investment.

Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR)

TISTR is a non-profit state scientific research institute under the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). Within TISTR, the sustainable development and bio-industries groups conduct research and development work focusing on food technology, pharmaceutical and natural products, post-harvest technology, agricultural technology, biotechnology, microbiological resources, environment, ecology and energy, materials technology and engineering. On the other hand, the technology transfer group offers industrial and technical consultancy and training to the public, promoting the creation of a learning society. The organization also serves as the incubator for the Thai Science Park in Chiang Mai.

The Venture Capital (VC) Industry in Thailand

There are a number of Thai venture capital firms in the industry of biotechnology, including One Asset Management Limited, which has supported several biotech companies through the SME Venture Capital Fund, and VNET Venture Capital. Stang Holding Co. Ltd., a joint venture between Mahidol University, Small and Medium Enterprise Development Bank of Thailand (SME Bank) and The National Innovation Agency (NIA), is another private organization that provides long-term co-investment and assistance in capital and project value creation for science and technology developments. The Market for Alternative Investment matching fund is also available for companies interested in investing in biotechnology businesses.

Attractive Investment Incentives Thailand Board of Investment offers a wide range of fiscal and non-tax incentives for investments based on location. Tax-based incentives include exemption or reduction of import duties on machinery and raw materials, and corporate income tax exemptions and reductions. Non-tax incentives include permission to bring in foreign workers, own land and take or remit foreign currency abroad. Additionally, foreign businesses are entitled to 100% ownership.

As part of the BOI’s policy to promote sustainable development, investments in biotechnology may be located in any location except Bangkok and are eligible for maximum incentives, Projects submitting applications within 2012 are eligible for exemption of import duties on machinery, an 8-year exemption of corporate income tax with no cap, an additional 5-year 50% reduction of corporate income tax on net profit, a 10-year double deduction of transportation, electricity and water supply costs, and deduction from net profit of 25% of investment in infrastructure installation and construction costs, in addition to normal capital depreciation.

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Head OfficesOFFICE OF THE BOARD OF INVESTMENT555 Vibhavadi-Rangsit Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900Tel: +66 (0) 2553-8111Fax: +66 (0) 2553-8222Website: www.boi.go.thEmail: head@boi.go.th

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Overseas OfficesBEIJINGThailand Board of Investment, Beijing OfficeRoyal Thai Embassy, No.40 Guang Hua Rd., Beijing 100600 P.R.C. Tel: +86-10-6532-4510Fax: +86-10-6532-1620Email: beijing@boi.go.th

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TOKYOThailand Board of Investment, Tokyo OfficeRoyal Thai Embassy, 8th Fl., Fukuda Building West, 2-11-3, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 107-0052 JapanTel: +81 (0) 3-3582-1806Fax: +81 (0) 3-3589-5176Email: tyo@boi.go.th

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BOI 2013

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