body planes and cavities mrs. mesmer hste i. body planes are imaginary lines drawn through the body...
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We will start with looking at the major planes used to divide the total body: 1. Coronal or Frontal Plane 2. Midsaggital Plane 3. Transverse PlaneTRANSCRIPT
BODY PLANES AND CAVITIES
MRS. MESMERHSTE I
Body planes are imaginary linesdrawn through the body to separateit into sections
This allows for directional terms tobe used when diagnosing problemor referring to a specific part in thebody
Physicians and Medical Personaluse these terms to better communicate.It is important for the documentation of medical information so that when it is being reviewed by other medical professionals the exact location and position of certain problems will be understood without error.
We will start with looking atthe major planes used to divide thetotal body:
1. Coronal or Frontal Plane
2. Midsaggital Plane
3. Transverse Plane
Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane)A verticle plane running from side to side; divides the body and its parts into anterior and posterior portions.
MidSagittal Plane A verticle plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides.
Transverse Plane (Axial Plane_A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts.
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The Transverse Plane Divides body into a top and bottom
• Superior (Top)• Cranial (body parts near the head)
• Inferior (bottom) • Caudal (body parts near the sacral “tail”)
Superior Cranial
Inferior Caudal
Midsaggital Plane: Divides body into right and left sides
Medial: parts that are close to the midline or planeLateral: parts that are away from the midline or plane
Lateral Medial
This cut is a lateral tear, because it is being torn away from the midline
Frontal Plane: Divides the body into front and back
Ventral or Anterior:body parts in front of the planeor on the front of the body
Dorsal or Posterior: body parts in back of the plane or on the back of the body
PROXIMAL AND DISTAL: used to describe the relationship of and extremity to the main trunk of the body, generallycalled a point of reference ..for example see below:
Looking at the shoulder…..
This area isProximal to theshoulder: it iscloser
This area isDistal to theshoulder, itis away from the point ofreference
Lets look at all theplanes and referencepoints we have covered so far…..
Now we will move on to BODYCAVITIESThey are defined as spaces within the body that contain vital organsWe will look at these:•Dorsal/Posterior•Cranial•Spinal•Ventral/Anterior•Thoracic•Abdominal•Pelvic•Orbital•Nasal•Buccal
Dorsal cavityThe smaller of the two main cavities is called the dorsal cavity. As its name implies, it contains organs lying more posterior in the body. The dorsal cavity is divided into two portions.•(Cranial Cavity), The upper portion, which houses the brain•(Spinal Cavity) The lower portion, The vertebral canal whichhouses the spinal cord
Thoracic cavity
The upper ventral, thoracic, or chest cavity contains the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, large blood vessels, and nerves. Diaphragm:Separates the thoracic and the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
Abdominal and pelvic cavity
The lower part of the ventral (abdominopelvic) cavity can be further divided into two portions: abdominal portion and pelvic portion. The abdominal cavity upper: stomach, small intestines, most of large intestine, appendix, liver, gallbladder, spleen, and kidneys. The pelvic cavity lower: contains most of the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last part of the large intestine
Orbital Cavity Nasal CavityOrbits for the eyes For the nose structures
Cranial CavityHouses the Brain
Buccal Cavity
Mouth cavity for the teeth and tongue