body composition the three main components of human body are muscles,bones and fat. body composition...
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Body composition
The three main components of human body are
muscles,bones and fat.
Body composition measurements attempt to measure
mass and relative amount of these components in
individuals.
Results for children and youth can’t be compared with
those of adult population as such.
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Body size is determined by height and weight.
Body build is the form or structure of the body.
Muscularity (mesomorphy)
Linearity (ectomorphy)
Fatness (endomorphy)
Fat mass
Fat-free mass
Body composition refers to the chemical composition of the body.
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Body build
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Theoretical model of adult population (Behnke)
Male Female
Age (y) 20-24 20-24
Standing height (m) 1.74 1.64
Body mass (kg) 70.0 56.7
Fat (kg) 10.5 15.3
Essential 2.1 6.8
Storage 8.4 8.5
F% 15.0 27.0
Essential 3.0 12.0
Storage 12.0 15.0
Muscle (kg) 31.3 20.4
Relative amount of muscle (%) 44.8 36.0
Bone (kg) 10.4 6.8
Relative amount of bone (%) 14.9 12.0
Rest of body (kg) 17.6 14.1
Relative amount of rest of body (%) 25.3 25.0
Lean body mass (kg) 61.7 48.5
Essential fat (kg) 1.86 6.80
Essential fat (%) 3.0 14.0
Muscles (kg) 30.8 20.4
Muscles (%) 50.0 42.0
Bones (kg) 10.4 6.8
Bones (%) 17.0 14.0
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BMI, Body Mass Index
(kg/m2):
l
mBMI 2
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Measurement of body mass attempts to tell if a person
has too high or too low body mass.
Changes in body mass don’t indicate changes in the
amount of body fat.
Body mass relative to height (BMI) explains changes in
body composition in for instance dieting
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Approximation of fat location by waist:hip measurement
High fat content of body is a health risk.
Localization of body fat at certain places in body is an
important factor for these risks.
So called visceral fat (around internal organs) has been
shown to be very detrimental for health:
hypertension
type II diabetes
hyperlipidemy
heart problems
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Waist circumference of more than 100 cm for men and 90
cm for women is considered good indication of middle-
body fatness.
The relationship should be less than 0.95 for men and less
than 0.86 fo women.
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Fatfold measurements
Body composition measurement done by subcutaneous
fatfolds correlates well (r > 0.80) with hydrostatic
weighing.
Subcutaneous fat is in direct relationship with whole-
body fat.
Measurements differ by number and placement of
fatfolds:
- 4-pisteen menetelmä (Durnin & Rahaman, 1967)
- 7-pisteen menetelmä (Jackson & Pollock, 1985)
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d. Bioimpedance (BIA)
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Lean body mass
= Body weight – storage fat
(Fat-free mass = Body weight – all fat)
Skeleton weight= 3.02 * (H2 * F * R * 100)0.712
H = standing height
F = right + left femurcondyle
width
R = right + left radioulnar
width
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Achieving Optimal Weight
Combine proper diet with exercise.
Lose no more than 0.5 to 1.0 kg (1 to 2 lb) per week.
Reduce caloric intake by 200 to 500 kcal less than daily energy expenditure.
Use moderate resistance and endurance training.
Decrease fat mass and increase fat-free mass