Åbo akademi chemical engineering department course...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course “The Forest based Biorefinery –The Forest based Biorefinery
Chemical and Engineering Challenges and Opportunities”May 3-7, 2010
Thermal conversion of biomassThermal conversion of biomass
Mikko HupaÅbo AkademiTurku, Finland
![Page 2: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Thermal conversion of biomass Thermal conversion of biomass - Outline
1. Introduction2. Combustion and biomass fuel propertiesp p3. Gasification to produce combustible gas4. Gasification to produce synthesis gas. f p y g5. Pyrolysis to produce bio-oil6 Black liquor: recovery boiler or gasifier?6. Black liquor: recovery boiler or gasifier?7. Summary
![Page 3: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Use of Wood Wood
in Fi l dFinland
(VTT 2000)
![Page 4: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Use of Use of Wood
i in Finland
(VTT 2000)
![Page 5: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
paper
pulppulping chemicals
Kraft Pulp Mill
stemwood chipschipping pulping
pulpchemicals
round wood
black liquor
debarking
forest harvestingbark
com- emissions
heat power&com
bustionemissions
pulping chemicals
ash
![Page 6: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Kraft Pulp Mill & Biorefinery
paper
pulppulping chemicalsBiorefinery
stemwood chipschipping pulping
pulpchemicals
round wood
knots black liquor
debarking
extraction
extraction
P
forest harvestingbark
separationP
Pextraction
P P
com- emissions
residuesheat power
f ( )
&com
bustion----
gasifica-ti
emissions
synthesis gas
biofuels (l)
synthesispulping chemicals
tion
ash Precycling
![Page 7: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Conversion Routes for Cellulosic Biomasses
Fischer-Tropsch Alkanes
Combustion Heat & PowerHeat & Power
SynGas (CO2+H2)
p
Methanol Methanol, DME
Cellulosic Bi P l i t
Water-Gas Shift
DehydroxygenationBio oils Liquid Fuels
Hydrogen
Biomass Pyrolysis etc.Zeolite Upgrading
Bio-oils
Fermentation
q
Ethanol
Aqueous Sugars
DehydrationAromatic Hydrocarbons
Li Alk H
LigninAq.-Phase Processing
Lignin Upgrading
Liq. Alkanes or H2
Etherified Gasoline
![Page 8: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Conversion Routes for Cellulosic Biomasses
Fischer-Tropsch Alkanes
Combustion Heat & PowerHeat & Power
SynGas (CO2+H2)
p
Methanol Methanol, DME
Cellulosic Bi P l i t
Water-Gas Shift
DehydroxygenationBio oils Liquid Fuels
Hydrogen
Biomass Pyrolysis etc.Zeolite Upgrading
Bio-oils
Fermentation
q
Ethanol
Aqueous Sugars
DehydrationAromatic Hydrocarbons
Li Alk H
LigninAq.-Phase Processing
Lignin Upgrading
Liq. Alkanes or H2
Etherified Gasoline
![Page 9: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Thermal conversion of biomass Thermal conversion of biomass - Outline
1. Introduction2. Combustion and biomass fuel propertiesp p3. Gasification to produce combustible gas4. Gasification to produce synthesis gas. f p y g5. Pyrolysis to produce bio-oil6 Black liquor: recovery boiler or gasifier?6. Black liquor: recovery boiler or gasifier?7. Summary
![Page 10: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Conversion Routes for Cellulosic Biomasses
Fischer-Tropsch Alkanes
Combustion Heat & PowerHeat & Power
SynGas (CO2+H2)
p
Methanol Methanol, DME
Cellulosic Bi P l i t
Water-Gas Shift
DehydroxygenationBio oils Liquid Fuels
Hydrogen
Biomass Pyrolysis etc.Zeolite Upgrading
Bio-oils
Fermentation
q
Ethanol
Aqueous Sugars
DehydrationAromatic Hydrocarbons
Li Alk H
LigninAq.-Phase Processing
Lignin Upgrading
Liq. Alkanes or H2
Etherified Gasoline
![Page 11: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
N2O2CO pump pump
Vent.
CO2 pump
NOCO/CO
SO2
pump
Vent
NOCO/CO2
Filter
Vent.
Single Particle Burning Systemg g y(Source: Åbo Akademi)
![Page 12: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Single Particle Burning of W d Wood
– 92.6 mgg800 ºC
21 % O2 (air)
![Page 13: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Fuel Particle Burning StagesFuel Particle Burning Stages
H2O Combustion of a solid fuelH2OH2O Combustion of a solid fuelH2O Combustion of a solid fuelH2OH2O Combustion of a solid fuel
Solid fuel
CO, CO2, H2OH2O
Solid fuel
CO, CO2, H2OH2O
Solid fuel
CO, CO2, H2OH2O
Solid fuel
CO, CO2, H2OH2O
Solid fuel
CO, CO2, H2OH2O
Solid fuel
CO, CO2, H2OH2O
Drying
O2CxHy
CO, CO2
Air
Drying
O2CxHy
CO, CO2
Air
Drying
O2CxHy
CO, CO2
Air
Drying
O2CxHy
CO, CO2
Air
Drying
O2CxHy
CO, CO2
Air
Drying
O2CxHy
CO, CO2
Air
Drying
O2
Drying
O2
Drying
O2
Drying
O2
Drying
O2
Drying
O2
A h
Pyrolysis/devolatilisation
andChar combustion
A h
Pyrolysis/devolatilisation
andChar combustion
A h
Pyrolysis/devolatilisation
andChar combustion
A h
Pyrolysis/devolatilisation
andChar combustion
A h
Pyrolysis/devolatilisation
andChar combustion
A h
Pyrolysis/devolatilisation
andChar combustion
Ashandgas combustion
Ashandgas combustion
Ashandgas combustion
Ashandgas combustion
Ashandgas combustion
Ashandgas combustion
![Page 14: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Single Particle Burning –Single Particle Burning On-line CO2 Analysis
3 %
4 %
n
2 %
3 %
orm
atio
n
1 %
%
CO
2fo
0 %0 20 40 600 20 40 60
time (seconds)
![Page 15: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Single Particle Burning –Volatile Carbon vs Char CarbonVolatile Carbon vs. Char Carbon
pm)
Volatile carbon
CO
2 (
pp
Char b
time
carbon
time
![Page 16: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bubbling Fluidized Bed Boiler (Metso Power)E.ON UK Steven’s Croft Power StationLockerbie UK
Steam 126 MWth48 kg/sg137 bar537 °C
Fuels Wood chips, sawdust, bark,recycled woody
Start-up 2007
![Page 17: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Bubbling Fuidzed Bed Boiler (Metso Power)
Tertiary superheaterSecondary superheatery pPrimary superheater
Fuel silosEconomizers
FurnaceAir preheaters
Hydro Beam floor
Fluidized bed
![Page 18: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Bubbling Fluidized Bed Furnace
Boiler furnace Overfire air
Load burners
Fluidized bedFuel feeding
Primary air
Removal of coarse material
Hydro Beam Floor
![Page 19: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Use of Wood Wood
in Fi l dFinland
(VTT 2000)
![Page 20: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Five Spruce Tissuesp
Wood Bark Twigs NeedlesShoots
![Page 23: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ash Elements in Spruce TissuesAsh Elements in Spruce Tissues(J. Werkelin 2005)
![Page 24: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Fouling and Corrosion due to Unsuitable Fuel Mixture
![Page 25: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Summary 1: Biomass Combustion Summary 1: Biomass Combustion for Heat & Power
• Dominating biomass-to-energy technology• Finland strong with FBC technologyg gy• Research on demanding feedstocks:
moisture, heating value, ash, emissions• Research on improved power production –
controlling superheater corrosion
![Page 26: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Thermal conversion of biomass Thermal conversion of biomass - Outline
1. Introduction2. Combustion and biomass fuel propertiesp p3. Gasification to produce combustible gas4. Gasification to produce synthesis gas. f p y g5. Pyrolysis to produce bio-oil6 Black liquor: recovery boiler or gasifier?6. Black liquor: recovery boiler or gasifier?7. Summary
![Page 27: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Conversion Routes for Cellulosic Biomasses
Fischer-Tropsch Alkanes
Combustion Heat & PowerHeat & Power
SynGas (CO2+H2)
p
Methanol Methanol, DME
Cellulosic Bi P l i t
Water-Gas Shift
DehydroxygenationBio oils Liquid Fuels
Hydrogen
Biomass Pyrolysis etc.Zeolite Upgrading
Bio-oils
Fermentation
q
Ethanol
Aqueous Sugars
DehydrationAromatic Hydrocarbons
Li Alk H
LigninAq.-Phase Processing
Lignin Upgrading
Liq. Alkanes or H2
Etherified Gasoline
![Page 28: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
What Happens in a Gasifier?What Happens in a Gasifier?
Volatiles,tarsMoisture
H2, COtarsMoisture
PyrolysisDrying Char gasification
CharDroplet Solids Ash
CO2, H2O
![Page 29: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
What Happens in a Gasifier?What Happens in a Gasifier?
Product gas / Syn Gas
Volatiles,tarsMoisture
H2, CO
g y
tarsMoisture
PyrolysisDrying Char gasification
CharDroplet Solids Ash
CO2, H2O
![Page 30: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
CFB Gasifier UNIFLOW CYCLONEREACTOR
850 °C GASIFICATION AIR FANFoster Wheeler
900 °CFUEL FEED
AIR PREHEATER
RET
UR
N L
EGR
BOTTOM ASH COOLING SCREW
HOT LOW CALORIFICGAS (750 - 650 °C)
COOLING WATER
BOTTOM ASH
![Page 31: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
BIOMASS GASIFICATION - COAL BOILER - LAHTI PROJECT
540 °C/170 bar350 MW
CO Reduction
Processing
Biomass
300 GWh/a -15 % fuel input
Power
CO2 Reduction -10 %
Pulverized coal flames50 MW
Power* 600 GWh/aDistrict Heat* 1000 GWh/a
Gasifier
BottomCoal Fly ash
Gas flame
Natural Gas1050 GWh/a -50 %
650 GWh/ 35 %Bottomash Natural Gas 650 GWh/a -35 %
Foster Wheeler
![Page 32: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Summary 2: Biomass Gasification & Summary 2: Biomass Gasification & Combustion of the Gas for Heat & Power
• Simple process – de facto partial oxidation of the fuel into a combustible gas mixture
%(air ratio 30-40 %)• Used instead of direct combustion in
i l li ti li kil fi i special applications: lime kilns, co-firing with coalCh ll t hi l t i • Challenges to achieve complete conversion of the biomass fuel
![Page 33: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Thermal conversion of biomass Thermal conversion of biomass - Outline
1. Introduction2. Combustion and biomass fuel propertiesp p3. Gasification to produce combustible gas4. Gasification to produce synthesis gas. f p y g5. Pyrolysis to produce bio-oil6 Black liquor: recovery boiler or gasifier?6. Black liquor: recovery boiler or gasifier?7. Summary
![Page 34: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Conversion Routes for Cellulosic Biomasses
Fischer-Tropsch Alkanes
Combustion Heat & PowerHeat & Power
SynGas (CO2+H2)
p
Methanol Methanol, DME
Cellulosic Bi P l i t
Water-Gas Shift
DehydroxygenationBio oils Liquid Fuels
Hydrogen
Biomass Pyrolysis etc.Zeolite Upgrading
Bio-oils
Fermentation
q
Ethanol
Aqueous Sugars
DehydrationAromatic Hydrocarbons
Li Alk H
LigninAq.-Phase Processing
Lignin Upgrading
Liq. Alkanes or H2
Etherified Gasoline
![Page 35: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Biodiesel Production in Pulp Mill
powerProcess steam & power
Paper& pulp
Gasification and
Pulp andpaper mill
plantProcess steam & powerp p
fuel gasGasification andgas treatmentEnergy
to drying
synthesis
fuel gas+ steam
Wood, straw
Biomasshandling
anddrying
y-gas
bark,
energy crops,peat, RDF
FT-synthesis& upgrading
y gforestresidues,otherbiomass
steam & oxygen
WoodDiesel
![Page 36: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Pressurized Gasifier for Syngas Production (VTT)Production (VTT)
![Page 37: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Stora Enso – Neste Stora Enso Neste BTL Gasification Projet
UCGR&D programme
2004-2007
Long term demonstrationin atmospheric conditions
2009 =>
Commercial scale 200-300 MWth pressurized
unit in operation2004-2007 2009 > unit in operation
![Page 38: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Biomass Gasifier for BiodieselDemo by Stora Enso – Neste in Varkaus, FinlandD m y E , F
![Page 39: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Summary 3: Biomass Gasification for Summary 3: Biomass Gasification for Synthesis gas and Liquid Biofuels
• Under development – no plants in operation(applied for coal in South-Africa) ( pp )
• Demanding technology: Pressurized, oxygen blown gasifier
• Advanced syngas cleaning• Various options for synthesis: FT Diesel, p y ,
Methanol, DME• Very hot topic – political pressurey p p p
![Page 40: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Thermal conversion of biomass Thermal conversion of biomass - Outline
1. Introduction2. Combustion and biomass fuel propertiesp p3. Gasification to produce combustible gas4. Gasification to produce synthesis gas. f p y g5. Pyrolysis to produce bio-oil6 Black liquor: recovery boiler or gasifier?6. Black liquor: recovery boiler or gasifier?7. Summary
![Page 41: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Conversion Routes for Cellulosic Biomasses
Fischer-Tropsch Alkanes
Combustion Heat & PowerHeat & Power
SynGas (CO2+H2)
p
Methanol Methanol, DME
Cellulosic Bi P l i t
Water-Gas Shift
DehydroxygenationBio oils Liquid Fuels
Hydrogen
Biomass Pyrolysis etc.Zeolite Upgrading
Bio-oils
Fermentation
q
Ethanol
Aqueous Sugars
DehydrationAromatic Hydrocarbons
Li Alk H
LigninAq.-Phase Processing
Lignin Upgrading
Liq. Alkanes or H2
Etherified Gasoline
![Page 42: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Thermal conversion of biomass Thermal conversion of biomass - Outline
1. Introduction2. Combustion and biomass fuel propertiesp p3. Gasification to produce combustible gas4. Gasification to produce synthesis gas. f p y g5. Pyrolysis to produce bio-oil6 Black liquor: recovery boiler or gasifier?6. Black liquor: recovery boiler or gasifier?7. Summary
![Page 43: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
85 m
15 m
Tomlinson kattila, 1937 Wisaforest, 2005
![Page 44: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Fray Bentos Uruguay (Andritz)Fray Bentos, Uruguay (Andritz)
![Page 45: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Hainan Jinhai, Kiina (Metso 2007)2007)
![Page 46: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
f l illKraft Pulp MillSteam turbine
(power)
Blackliquor
15% solidsNa2CO3
Fl
Steam
(power)
Process steam
Digester
ChipsNa2SO4
Recoveryboiler
Black liquor concentration
BlackLiquor
75% solids
Flue gas
Na2CO3LimeDigester
Pulp
Whiteliquor
Smelt
Na2CO3Na2SO4
Na2CO3Na2S
C ti i i
Greenliquor
Water
CaCO3 CaOLimekiln
PulpNaOHNa2S
CausticizingDissolving
tank
WaterNa2CO3
Na2S
![Page 47: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
The Pulp Mill as a Biorefinery for Production f T t ti F lof Transportation Fuels
HemicelluloseG ifi ti
Chips
Di tHemicellulose
extraction Blackliquor
Gasification
Synthesisgas
DigesterHemicellulose
FermentationWhiteliquor
Syngascleaning
PulpEthanol
quoSyngas
conversion
HydrocarbonsMethanol
![Page 48: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Black Liquor Gasification for Syngas (Chemrec)(Chemrec)
S
Black
Oxygen Gascooler
S-rich gas
Blackliquor Synthesis of:
- Methanol- DME
Fuelgas
Gasifier- DME- FT Hydrocarbons
CondensateWater
Quench
Green liquor Absorber / Stripper
Water
![Page 49: Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course …web.abo.fi/instut/pcc/presentations_pdf/Hupa_Thermal_Conv_Biomass… · Åbo Akademi Chemical Engineering Department Course](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030403/5a7962627f8b9a20368b6f67/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Summary 5: Biorefinery & EnergySummary 5 Biorefinery & Energy
1. Biomass molecules can be extracted as valuable chemicals (fractionation)
2. Biomass can be converted thermally to heat and/or powerpower- combustion (commericial)- gasification for combustion (commercial)gas f cat on for combust on (commerc al)
3. Residues may also be used for production of liquid biofuels:- pyrolysis for bio-oil (under development)- gasification for synthesis (under development)
4 N d f int ns s h: Th d il is in th 4. Need for intense research: The devil is in the (chemical) details