blood pressure & pulse. blood pressure the pressure of the blood against the walls of the...
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Blood pressure & Pulse
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Blood Pressure
•The pressure of the blood against the walls of the arteries.
•Blood pressure results from two forces. ▫One is created by the heart as it pumps
blood into the arteries and through the circulatory system.
▫The other is the force of the arteries as they resist the blood flow Arterioles have greatest resistance
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Blood Pressure•Systolic Blood
Pressure
•Diastolic Blood Pressure
•Measured in mm Hg
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Systolic Pressure
•The number on top•The pressure inside your blood vessels at
the moment your heart beats. •Normal > 120 mm Hg
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Diastolic Pressure
•The number on the bottom•Measures the pressure in your blood
vessels between heartbeats, when your heart is resting.
•Normal >80 mm Hg
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Measuring Blood Pressure
•Sphygmomanometer – Stethoscope•Korotkoff sounds
▫sounds one is listening for when measuring blood pressure
▫detected by listening with a stethoscope placed over the brachial (arm) artery just below a blood pressure cuff
(Reference What are Korotkoff Sounds retrieved from http://www.lifeclinic.com/focus/blood/articleView.asp?MessageID=187)
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Measuring Blood Pressure
•Procedure▫Blood Pressure Cuff Inflated▫Gradually deflated from a pressure high
enough to obstruct the artery and stop the blood flowing
▫Listen for Korotkoff sounds First sound heard-Systolic Pressure Last sound heard- Diastolic Pressure
•Difference in Systolic and Diastolic called Pulse Pressure
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This chart reflects blood pressure categories defined by the American Heart Association.Blood Pressure
CategorySystolic
mm Hg (upper #) Diastolic
mm Hg (lower #)
Normal less than 120 and less than 80
Prehypertension 120 – 139 or 80 – 89
High Blood Pressure
(Hypertension) Stage 1
140 – 159 or 90 – 99
High Blood Pressure
(Hypertension) Stage 2
160 or higher or 100 or higher
Hypertensive Crisis
(Emergency care needed)
Higher than 180 or Higher than 110
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Factors Effecting Blood Pressure•Average is 120/80 •Factors
▫Cardiac Output Volume of blood pumped out ventricles
▫Blood volume (5 liters for avg adult) Volume of blood circulating body per minute
▫Blood Velocity Speed of blood flow
▫Peripheral Resistance Resistance of blood flow
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Pulse
•Alternate expansion and recoil of an artery•Caused by the intermittent injections of blood from the heart and elasticity of arterial walls•Taken from the Radial Artery•Pulse: 60-100 bpm
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Pulse
•Pulse points (Fig. 19-24)▫Radial artery▫Temporal artery▫Common carotid artery▫Facial artery▫Brachial artery▫Popliteal artery▫Posterior tibial artery▫Dorsalis pedis artery
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Abnormal Heart Rhythms
•Arrhythmias•Tachycardia = rapid heartbeat ( > 100
BPM)•Bradycardia = slow heartbeat ( < 60
BPM)•Fibrillation = rapid, uncoordinated
unsynchronized heart rate. Atria (not serious) Ventricles (deadly)
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Effects on Heart Rate
•What sets heart rate?•Sympathetic
▫Chiefly Vagus▫Stimulant ▫Release norepinephrine
•Parasympathetic▫Cardiac Verve▫Inhibitory▫Release Acetylcholine
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