birtn&> b>firn 9 (ds[.,1946 - b>firn sbin&> (v(fvt ud`gitn - diƒ....
TRANSCRIPT
Birtn&> b>FirN 9 (Ds[. ,1946 - b>FirN sBin&> (v(Fvt ud`GiTn - Diƒ. s(µcdin>d (s>hi - aAYiy) a¹yx• 11 (Ds[.,1946 - Diƒ. rij[ºW p\sid - AYiy) a¹yx • 13 (Ds[.,1946 - jvihrlil nh[$a[ a](thi(sk uØ[Æy p\
Ativ rj* kyi[<• 22 jiºy&.,1947 - uØ[Æy p\Ativ Av)kir kyi[<• 16 nv[. 1949 - b>FirNni[ Av)kir Yyi[ {b>FirN (nmi<Nn&> kiy< 2 vP<, 11 m(hni
an[ 18 (dvs, 166 b[qk bid p*N< Yy&>}• lgBg 70 Tki Big Birt Sisn a(F(nym-1935 mi>Y)
l[vimi> aiÄyi[ C[.• 60 d[Si[ni b>FirNni[ a¿yis kyi[<.• 26 nv[. 1949ni> ri[j Av)kZt Birt)y b>FirNmi> 22
Big, 395 an&. an[ 8 an&s*(c{p(r(SOT} ht).• 26 jiºy&.,1950ni ri[jY) b>FirNni[ aml S$ Yyi[
Birt)y b>FirNni[ A#ii[t E>³l[ºD - s>sd)y Sisn p\Nil) , a[kl nig(rkti, kiydi (nmi<Nn) p\(k|yi, kiydini Sisnni[ (vcir, bh&mtni aiFir[ c*>TN)mi> Jtni[ (nN<y, (vFinsBimi> a¹yxn&> pd an[ t[n) B*(mki am[(rki - mi](lk a(Fkiri[ ºyi(yk p&nrivli[kn b>FirNn) svi[<µcti ºyiypi(lkin) Avt>#iti
riOT^p(t an[ t[ni pr mhi(Byi[g, upriOT^p(t, uµctm an[ uµc ºyiyilyi[ni
ºyiyiF)Si[n[ hTivvin) p\(k|yi niNik)y kTi[kT)
aiyrl[ºD -• rijyni n)(t (nd[<Sk (sÜi>t
f|i>s -• Avt>#iti, sminti an[ b>F&Rvni[ (sÜi>t
k[niDi - • s>GiRmk ÄyvAYi {f[Drl (sATm}• av(SOT S(ktai[ni[ (sÜi>t
jm<n) -• kTi[kT) dr(myin riOT^p(tni mi](lk a(Fkiri[
r(Syi - • m*LB*t frji[
ai[AT^[(lyi - p\Ativnin) BiPi smvt)< s*(c k[ºW an[ rijy vµc[ni[ s>b>F tYi S(ktn&>
(vBijn
d(xN ai(f|ki - b>FirN)y s>Si[Fnn) p\(k|yi
jipin - kiydi oiri AYi(pt p\(k|yi
Birtn&> b>FirNaim&K
“ am[, Birtni li[ki[, Birtn[ siv<Bi]m, smijvid), (bnsi>p\di(yk, li[kSih), p\jis_iik s>AYi(pt krvin&> an[ t[ni tmim nig(rki[ miT[:
simi(jk, ai(Y<k an[ rijk)y ºyiy ; (vcir, a(BÄy(kt, miºyti, Fm< an[ upisnin)
Avt>#iti, drjji an[ tkn) sminti; (n(át krvini[ an[ t[mnimi> Äy(ktn&> gi]rv
an[ riOT^n) a[kti an[ aK>(Dttin) Kitr) aipt) b>F&ti (vksivvini[ g>B)rtip*v<k (nN<y kr)n[ , aij[ ti.26 nv[. 1949ni ri[j, amir) b>FirN sBimi> ai b>FirN apniv)n[ t[n[ kiydin&> $p aip)n[ am[ amir) jitn[ sm(p<t kr)a[ C)a[.”
Birt)y b>FirNmi> k&l 25 Big {k|min&sir 22}, 444 an&µC[d {k|
min&sir 395} an[ 12 an&s*(c C[.
Big -1 s>G an[ t[ni[ p\d[S {The Union and the Territory)
an&. 1 s>Gn&> nim an[ t[ni[ p\d[San&. 2 nvi rijyi[ni[ p\v[S aYvi AYipnian&. 3 nvi rijyi[n) AYipni an[ a(AtRv Frivti rijyi[ni (vAtiri[, srhdi[ aYvi nimi[mi f[rfiran&. 4 an&. 2 an[ an&. 3 h[qL Yy[l kiydiai[ ph[l) an[ ci[Y) an&s*(cmi> s&Firi an[ an&p*rk ain&S>(gk an[ p(rNi(mk bibti[ (vS[ ji[gviE
krS[
Big -2 nig(rkRv {Citizenship}
an&. 5 b>FirNni p\ir>B[ nig(rkRv an&. 6 pi(kAtinmi>Y) AYLi>tr kr) Birtmi> aiv[l
k[Tl)k Äy(ktai[ni nig(rkRvni a(Fkiri[ an&. 7 pi(kAtinmi> AYLi>tr kr[l Äy(ktai[n&>
nig(rkRv an&. 8 m*L Birtn) pr>t& Birt bhir rh[t) k[Tl)k
Äy(ktai[ni nig(rkRvni a(Fkiri[ an&. 9 Av[µCia[ (vd[S) nig(rkRv an&. 10 nig(rkRvni a(Fkiri[n&> sitRy an&. 11 nig(rkRv a>g[ kiydi[ GDvin) s>sdn) s_ii
Big -3 m*LB*t a(Fkiri[ (Fundamental Rights – 12 to 35)
an&. 12 Äyi²yi {rijy, AYi(nk s_ii(Fkir) an[ aºy s_ii(Fkir)ni[ aY<} an&. 13 m*L a(Fkiri[n[ as>gt an[ (vr&¹F kiydiai[
smintini[ a(Fkir (Right to equality) an&. 14 kiydi smx sminti, smin s>rxN an&. 15 Fm<, ji(t,Xi(t,(l>g aYvi jºmAYinni kirNi[sr
B[dBiv pr p\(tb>F 15{1} - ki[E (vS[P Fm< k[ ji(t vg[r[ni ki[E Äy(ktn)
siY[ rijy b)ji Fm< k[ ji(tn) Äy(ktai[n) srKimN)mi> mi#i ai
aiFir[ pxpit kr) Sk[ n(h> 15{2} - jih[r AYLi[ pr B[dBiv pr p\(tb>F 15{3} - A#i)ai[ an[ biLki[ miT[ Kis ji[gviE
15{4} - pCit vg< miT[ Kis ji[gviEai[ {b>FirNni p\Ym s&Firi[,1951 oiri um[rvimi aiÄyi[.}
ni[>F - srkir) s[viai[mi> airxN miT[ 1953mi> kiki kil[lkr aiyi[g - BlimNi[ni[ aAv)kir
1978 mi m>Dl aiyi[g - BlimNi[ni[ Av)kir an&. 15{4} p\miN[ pCitpN&>
a[Tl[ simi(jk an[ S]x(Nk r)t[ pCit smjv&> 15{5} - S]x(Nk s>AYiai[mi> animt {20 jiºy&.
2006 Y) 93mi[ b>FirN)y s&Firi[, 2005 p\miN[ an&. 15{5} um[rvimi> aiÄyi[.}
- S]x(Nk s>AYiai[mi> srkir) an&din p\i¼t aYvi p\i¼t n hi[y t[v) b>n[ p\kirn) King) S]x(Nk s>AYiai[ni[ smiv[S. pr>t& an&. 30{1} p\miN[ lG&mt) S]x(Nk s>AYiai[ ai an&. h[qL aivS[ n(h>.
an&. 16 - jih[r ri[jgir)n) bibtmi> tkn) sminti (Equality of opportunities in matters of public employments)
an&. 17 - aApZÆytini[ a>t (Abolition of untouchability)
an&. 18 - EÃkibi[n) nib*d) (Abolition of titles)
Avit>#yni[ a(Fkir (Right to Freedom) an&. 19 - viN) Avit>#y vg[r[ k[Tlik a(Fkir i[ bFi nig(rki[n[ : 1. viN) Avit>#y an[ a(BÄy(kt Avit>#y 2. Si>(tY) an[ SA#ii[ (vni B[gi Yvin&> Avit>#y 3. m>DLi[ aYvi s>Gi[ rcvin&> Avit>#y 4. Birtni p\d[Smi> gm[ Ryi> m&ktpN[ frvin&>
Avit>#y 5. Birtni p\d[Smi> ki[EpN Bigmi> (nvis krvin&>
an[ AYiy) Yvin&> Avit>#y 6. gm[ t[ Äyvsiy aYvi kimkij, v[pir aYvi
F>Fi[ krvin&> Avit>#y ni[>F - 44mi> b>FirN)y s&Firi{1978}Y) (mlkt
Avit>#yni[ m*LB*t a(Fkir rd krvimi> aiÄyi[ C[.
an&. 20 - g&niai[ miT[ di[P(s(Ü sb>Fmi> rxN an&. 21 - Jvn an[ Sir)(rk Avit>#yn&> rxN 44mi> b>FirN)y s&Firi{1978}Y) Jvn an[ Äy(ktgt Avit>#yni
a(Fkirn[ kTi[kT)n) (AY(tmi> pN smi¼t k[ (s(mt kr) Skiy nh)> ni[>F - s>(vFin s>Si[Fn a(F(nym,2002 oiri an&. 21{a} ji[D)
(Sxin[ mi](lk a(Fkirni[ drjji[ p\din kr) srkir rijy oiri (nFi<(rt kiydi m&jb 6 Y) 14 vP<ni biLki[n[ mft an[ a(nviy< (SxN aipS[.
an&. 22 - k[Tlik p\s>gi[mi> FrpkD an[ aTkiyt sim[ rxN (v(vF (nvirk aTkiyt ji[gvieai[ : 1. (nvirk aTkiyt ji[gviE , 1950 {1969mi> smi¼t} {Preventive Detention Act, 1950 (repealed in 1969)} 2. ai>t(rk s&rxi ÄyvAYi a(F(nym,1971 {1979mi> smi¼t} {Maintenance of Internal Security Act, 1971- MISA (repealed in 1979)} 3. (vd[S) m&Wi s>rxN tYi tAkr) (nvirN a(F(nym,1974 (The Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling
Act,1974) 4. riOT^)y s&rxi a(F(nym,1980 (National Security Act, 1980)
5. ait>kvid an[ (v¹v>Sk g(t(v(F {(nri[Fk} a(F(nym, 1985 {1995mi> smi¼t}
{Terrorist and Descruptive Activities (prevention) Act, 1985 (TADA, repealed in 1995)}
6. ait>kvid (nri[F) a(F(nym,2002 {2004mi> smi¼t}
{Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 (POTA, repealed in 2004)}
Si[PN (vr&¹Fni[ a(Fkir (Right against Exploitation)
an&. 23 - mn&Oy v[pir an[ bLmj*r) pr p\(tb>F {Prohibition of Traffic in human beings and forced Labour)
an&. 24 - kirKiniai[ vg[r[mi> biLki[n) ri[jgir) pr p\(tb>F {Prohibition of Children in factories ,etc.)
Fi(m<k Avit>#yni[ a(Fkir (Right to Freedom of Religion)
an&. 25 - a>t:krN m&kt r)t[ Fm<n) miºyti,piln an[ p\cirn&> Avit>#y
an&. 26 – Fi(m<k bibti[ni[ vh)vT krvin&> Avit>#y an&. 27 - ci[Ês Fm<n) a(BvZ(Ü miT[ kr c*kvN)n&>
Avit>#y an&. 28 - ci[Ês S]x(Nk s>AYiai[mi> Fi(m<k (SxN
k[ Fi(m<k upisnimi> hijr) a>g[n&> Avit>#ysi>AkZ(tk an[ S]x(Nk a(Fkiri[
(Cultural and Educational Rights) an&. 29 - lG&mt)ai[ni> (hti[n&> rxN an&. 30 - S]x(Nk s>Ayiai[ AYipvini[ an[ t[ni[ vh)vT
krvini[ lG&mt)ai[ni[ a(Fkir
b>FirN)y upciri[ni[ a(Fkir (Right to Constitutional Remedies)
an&. 32 - Big-3 oiri apiy[l a(Fkiri[ni[ aml krvvi miT[ni[ upcir
1. Big-3 oiri apiy[l a(Fkiri[ni aml miT[ svi[<µc adilt pis[ did migvini a(Fkirn) bih[>Fr) aipvimi> aiv[l C[.
2. Big-3 oiri apiy[l a(Fkiri[ni aml miT[ svi[<µc adiltn[ s*cni[ aYvi h&kmi[ aYvi b>d) p\Ryx)krN, prmid[S, p\(tP[F, a(Fkir-pZµCi an[ uRp\[PN Av$pni aiXip#ii[ s(htni yi[³y aiXip#ii[ aipvin) s_ii rh[S[.
an&. 32 p\miN[ r)T{aiXip#ii[}1.b>d) p\Ryx)krN {Habeas Corpus)2.prmid[S (Mandamus)3.p\(tP[F (Prohibition)4.uRp\[PN (Certiorari)5.a(Fkir-pZµCi (Quo-Warranto)
m*LB*t a(Fkiri[
smintini[ a(Fkir - an&. 14 Y) 18 Avt>#itini[ a(Fkir - an&. 19 Y) 22 Si[PN (v$¹Fni[ a(Fkir - an&. 23 Y) 24 Fi(m<k Avit>#yni[ a(Fkir - an&. 25
Y) 28 si>AkZ(tk an[ S]x(Nk a(Fkir - an&.
29 Y) 30 b>FirN)y Elijni[ a(Fkir - an&. 32
Big-4 an&. 36 Y) 51rijyn)(tni mig<dS<k (s¹Fi>ti[ {Directive Principle of State Policy)
aiy<l[ºDni b>FirNmi>Y) l[vimi> aiÄyi {1937}{k[ j[ Ap[n)S b>FirNmi>Y) nkl krvimi> aiÄyi hti}
Diƒ.b).air.ai>b[Dkr[ ai (s¹Fi>ti[n[ Birtni b>FirNn&> 'nv)n lxN" (Novel Features} tr)k[ vN<v[l.
rijyn) frji[ni[ (nd[<S kr[ C[.
(nd[<Sk tRvi[ni[ uØ[Æy sim*(hk r)t[ Birtmi> ai(Y<k tYi simi(jk li[kSih)n) rcni
an[ kÃyiNkir) rijy AYipvin&>> nig(rki[ p\Ry[n) n](tk frji[ dSi<v[ C[ b>FirNni aim&Kmi> j[ aidSi[<n[ p\i¼t krvin) kÃpni
krvimi> aiv[l C[ t[ p\i¼t krvi miT[ mig< c)>F[ C[. (nd[<Sk tRvi[ni mi¹ymY) Birt rijyni aidSi[< an[ lÈyn)
gNni krvimi> aiv[ C[
an&. 36 - Äyi²yi• rijy S¾dni[ aY< b>FirNni Big-3 mi an&. 12mi>
ai¼yi[ C[ a[j p\miN[ YS[, (sviy k[ s>dB<Y) (vr&¹Fn) ji[gviE Äykt Yt) hi[y.
• rijyn) Äyi²yi p\miN[ t[mi> k[ºW srkir, dr[k rijy srkir, s>sd, rijy (vFinsBi tYi Birt srkirni (ny>#iN h[qLni tmim AYi(nk k[ aºy s_ii(Fkir)ai[ni[ smiv[S Yiy C[. aiY) rijyn)(tni mig<dS<k (s¹Fi>ti[ni[ aml krvin) frj mi#i k[ºW k[ rijy srkirn) n(h>, pr>t& AYi(nk s_iiai[n) pN C[
• ai (s¹Fi>ti[ mig<dS<k C[ an[ kiydik)y r)t[ t[ni[ aml krvi rijy b>Fiy[l nY). pr>t& pi[tin) n)(t GDt) vKt[ ai (s¹Fi>ti[ni[ aml krvin) rijyn) n](tk frj C[ kirNk[ ai ji[gviE tmimn[ simi(jk, rijk)y t[mj ai(Y<k ºyiy mL) rh[ t[v) smijrcni AYipvini[ p\yRn krvini[ aid[S aipt) ji[gviE C[.
• ºyiyt>#i oiri mig<dS<k (s¹Fi>ti[ni[ aml krvin) ji[gviE b>FirNmi> nY).
an&. 37 - ai (vBigmi> smi(vOT (s¹Fi>ti[n) p\y&(kt (Application of Principles Contained in this Part)
ai (s¹Fi>ti[ adilt) kiy<x[#imi>Y) bikit riKvimi> aiÄyi C[ mig<dS<k (s¹Fi>ti[ b[ lix(Nktiai[ Friv[ C[ {1} ji[ ki[E (s¹Fi>tni[ rijy aml n kr[, ti[ kiydin) adiltY) t[ni
aml miT[n) rijyn[ frj piD) Skit) nY) {2} riOT^ni s>cilnmi> t[ m*LB*t C[ an[ kiydiai[ GDt)
vKt[[ t[ni[ aml krvin) rijyn) frj rh[S[. mig<dS<k (s¹Fi>ti[n) ji[gviEai[ b>FirNn) aºy
ji[gviEai[n[ aiF)n C[ aiY) mig<dS<k (s¹Fi>ti[, b>FirNn) aºy ki[E ji[gviE siY[ s>GP<mi> hi[y, Ryi> aml kriv) Skiy nh)>.
an&. 38 - li[ki[ni kÃyiNn) vZ(Ü miT[n) smijÄyvAYi rijy (sÜ krS[ (State to secure a social order for the Promotion of welfare of the people)
simi(jk, ai(Y<k tYi rijk)y ºyiyY) riOT^)y Jvnn) tmim s>AYiai[ mi(htgir Yy[l hi[y t[v) simi(jk ÄyvAYi Sky t[Tl) asrkirk r)t[ (sÜ kr)n[ an[ t[n[ rxN aip)n[ rijy li[k kÃyiNn) vZ(Ü miT[ p\yRn krS[.
rijy fkt Äy(ktai[ vµc[ nh)>, pr>t& alg alg (vAtiri[mi> rh[ti aYvi alg alg Äyvsiyi[mi> ri[kiy[li li[ki[ni j*Yi[ vµc[ pN aivkn) asminti ai[C) krvini[ p\yRn krS[ t[mj drjji[, sgvDi[ an[ tki[n) asminti nib*d krvini[ p\yRn krS[.
an&. 39 - n)(tni ci[Ês (s¹Fi>ti[ rijy an&srS[ (Certain principles of policy to be followed by the state)
39{a[} - p&r&P an[ A#i) nig(rki[n[ aiJ(vkin&> p*rt&> siFn m[Lvvini[ smin a(Fkir
39{b)} - smijn) Bi](tk siFnsimg\)n) mi(lk) an[ (ny>#iNn&> (vtrN li[k(ht u_im r)t[ siF) Skiy t[ r)t[ Yiy
Bi](tk siFn simg\)mi> k&drt) an[ Bi](tk simg\)n) siY[ j>gm an[ AYivr (mlktni[ pN smiv[S Yiy C[
39{s)} - aY<t>#in&> s>ciln a[v) r)t[ Yiy k[ j[Y) s>p(t an[ uRpidnni> siFni[n) jmivT an[ li[k(htn[ n&ksin n Yiy
39{D)} - p&r&Pi[ an[ A#i)ai[ b>n[n[ a[ksrKi> kim miT[ smin v[tn mL[
smin v[tn Firi[,1976 h[qL A#i)-p&r&P b>n[n[ smin v[tn pr>t& alg alg S]x(Nk liykiti[ni aiFir[ alg pgirFi[rN hi[E Sk[.
kimcliu, krirY) kim[ rKiy[l k[ a[Dhi[k Fi[rN[ (nmiy[li kimdiri[ (ny(mt km<cir)ai[n) j[m smin v[tn m[Lvvini[ a(Fkir Frivti nY)
“smin kim smin v[tn” ni[ (s¹Fi>t kimn) p\kZ(t, kd, kiy<n) jvibdir)ai[ vg[r[ pr aiFir riK[ C[
39 {E} - p&r&P an[ A#i) kimdiri[ni> airi[³y an[ S(ktni[ an[ biLki[n) k&mL) vyni[ d*r&pyi[g n Yiy, an[ ai(Y<k j$(ryitni kirN[ t[mn) u>mr k[ S(ktn[ an&k*L n hi[y t[vi ri[jgirmi> ji[Divin) nig(rki[n[ frj n pD[
39{a[f} - biLki[n[ AvAY r)t[ an[ Avit>#y an[ gi]rvy&kt (AY(tmi> (vkisn) tki[ an[ sgvDi[ aipvimi> aiv[, an[ biLki[ tYi y&vini[n[ Si[PN sim[ an[ t[mn) n](tk an[ ai(Y<k up[xi sim[ rxN mL[
an&. 39 a[ - smin ºyiy an[ mft kin*n) shiy (Equal Justice and free legal aid)
rijy, kin*n) p\Yini amlY) smin tkni Fi[rN[ ºyiyni[ uRkP< sFiy t[m krS[
ai(Y<k an[ aºy asmY<tiai[ni kirN[ ki[[EpN nig(rkn[ ºyiy m[Lvvi miT[n) tki[ni[ Eºkir krvimi> nh)> aiv[, t[ miT[ yi[jniai[ aYvi aºy r)t[ mft kin*n) shiyn) ji[gviE krS[
- Legal Services Authorities Act, 1976 - fi[jdir) kiy<vih)ni[ kiydi[, 1973 n) klm 304mi>
airip)n[ mft kin*n) shiyn) ji[gviE krvimi> aiv[l C[ an&. 40 - g\im p>ciyti[n) AYipni g\im p>ciyti[n) rcni kr), t[mn[ j$r) s_ii an[ a(Fkiri[ apiS[ an&. 41 - k[Tlik p\s>gi[mi> kim, (SxN
an[ mddni[ a(Fkir simi(jk s&rxini[ h[t& dSi<v[ C[ rijy[ pi[tin) ai(Y<k xmti an[ (vkisn) myi<dimi> rh)n[ {1}
ri[jgir), {2} (SxN an[ {3} b[kir), vZÜivAYi, mi>dg) an[ ap>gtini p\s>g[ an[ (vni vi>k[ Bi[gvv) pDt) t>g)ni p\s>gi[mi>, jih[r mdd aipvin) frj bn) rh[ C[
an&. 42 - kimn) ºyiy) an[ minv)y Srti[ an[ p\s*(t riht kiydiai[ : - kimdir rijy v)mi Firi[, 1948 - bi[ns Firi[ - p\s*(t liB Firi[, 1961 - g\[µy&ET) Firi[ ni[>F :- svi[<µc adilt[ a[k k[smi> qriviy[l C[ k[ kimni
AYL[ s_ii(Fkir)ni h&kmi[ni> pilnY) ki>E g&lim) kh[viy nh)> an[ t[niY) ki[E Äy(ktni k&drt) a(Fkiri[ni[ B>g Yti[ nY)
an&. 43 - kimdiri[ miT[ (nvi<h v[tn vg[r[ rijyn[ kimdiri[ miT[ kim, yi[³y (nvi<h v[tn t[mj (SOT JvnFi[rN
an[ kimdiri[n[ nvriSni smymi> simi(jk an[ si>AkZ(tk (vkis miT[ p*rt) tki[ mL) rh[ t[ miT[ p\yRn krvi jNiviy[l C[.
(nvi<h v[tn a[Tl[ a[v&> v[tn k[ j[niY) kimdir, airi[³y an[ Bi](tk s&Kikir) miT[ j$r) hi[y, t[ tmim vAt&ai[ pi[tini k&T&>bn[ aip) Sk[
g\im (vAtiri[mi> Äy(ktgt aYvi shkir) Fi[rN[ gZhuFi[gi[n[ u_i[jn aipvini[ p\yRn krS[.
an&. 43 a[ - uwi[gi[ni vh)vTmi> kimdiri[n) sim[lg)r) rijy, yi[³y (v(F(vFinY) aYvi aºy r)t[, ki[E uwi[gmi> ri[kiy[li
sihsi[, s>AYiai[ aYvi aºy s>gqni[ni vh)vTmi> kimdiri[ Big l[ti Yiy t[m krvi pgli> l[S[
an&. 44 - nig(rki[ miT[ smin d)vin) kiydi[ k[Tlik kiydiai[ Fi(m<k (rviji[ pr aiFi(rt C[. t[n[ rd
kr)n[ smin d)vin) kiydi[ GDvin) migN) C[Ãli GNi> vPi[<Y) uq[l) C[. t[m n YviY) smijni a[k vg<n[ aºyiy Yti[ rh[ C[.
di.t. Sihbin* b[gmni k[sY) fi[jdir) kiy<vih)ni[ kiydi[,1973n) klm 125 h[qL m&(Alm A#i)n[ pN t[ kiydi h[qL BrNpi[PN migvini[ hÊ hti[. pr>t& svi[<µc adiltni ai (nN<y pC) m&(Alm A#i)ai[ni BrNpi[PN miT[ alg kiydi[ GDiyi[ C[.
virsi a(Fkir, C*TiC[Di vg[r[ an[k bibti[mi> a>gt kiydiai[ dr[k Fm<ni alg alg C[. k[Tlik a>gt kiydiai[Y) A#i)ai[n[ Kis kr)n[ (vS[P aºyiy Yyi[ C[.
t[Y) smin d)vin) kiydi[ d[S miT[ bnivvin) j$r C[. an&. 45 - biLki[ miT[ mft an[ fr(jyit (SxNn) ji[gviE b>FirNn) S$aitY) ds vP<ni smymi> rijy, tmim
biLki[n[ t[mn) ci]d vP<n) u>mr p*r) Yiy Ryi> s&F), mft an[ fr(jyit (SxN aipvin) ji[gviEni[ p\yRn krS[.
ni[>F - kmns)b[ ai ¹y[y aij s&F) p*N< Yy&> nY).
an&. 46 - an&s*(ct ji(t, an&s*(ct jnji(t an[ aºy nbLi vgi[<ni> S]x(Nk an[ ai(Y<k (hti[n) uºn(t
rijy, li[ki[ni nbLi vgi[<ni an[ Kis kr)n[ ans*(ct ji(t an[ jnji(tai[ni> S]x(Nk an[ ai(Y<k (hti[n) uºn(t (vS[P kiLJY) krS[ an[ simi(jk aºyiy an[ tmim p\kirni Si[PN sim[ t[mn&> rxN krS[.
nbLi vgi[<n) Äyi²yi b>FirNmi> aipvimi> aiv) nY). m>Dl k(mSnni k[smi qriviy[l C[ k[ ai S¾d pCit vg< S¾d krti (vSiL aY< Friv[ C[. t[mi> ai(Y<k gr)biE k[ aºy kirNi[sr nbLi bn[l hi[y, t[vi tmim vgi[<ni[ smiv[S Yiy C[.
an&. 47 - pi[PNn&> Atr an[ JvnFi[rN U>c& livvin) an[ jih[r airi[³y s&Firvin) rijyn) frj
rijymi> li[ki[ni pi[PNn&> Atr an[ JvnFi[rN U>ci livvi an[ jih[r airi[³y s&Firvin[ rijy pi[tin) p\iY(mk frji[ gNS[.
rijy, ai]PFni h[t&ai[ (sviy, midk p)Nini t[mj airi[³yn[ hi(nkirk pdiYi[<ni upyi[g pr p\(tb>F m*kvini[ p\yRn krS[.
an&. 48 - K[t) an[ Qi[r uC[r a>g[ ÄyvAYi K[t) an[ Qi[r uC[rn) aiF&(nk an[ v]Xi(nk Fi[rN[ ÄyvAYi
krvini[ p\yRn giyi[ an[ viCrDi>ai[[ an[ aºy d*FiLi> an[ Birvihk
Qi[ri[n) ai[lidi[ jiLv) riKvi an[ t[mn) s&FirNi krvini[ an[ t[mn) ktl pr p\(tb>F m*kvini[.
an&. 48 a[ - pyi<vrNn&> rxN an[ s&FirNi an[ j>gl t[mj vºy Jvi[n) slimt)n&> rxN
kiydiai[ :- - pyi<vrN {rxN} Firi[, 1986, - vºy Jvi[ {rxN} Firi[, 1972, - j>gl {s>rxN} Firi[, 1980 an&. 49 - Amirki[ an[ riOT^)y agRy Frivti>
AYLi[ an[ pdiYi[<n&> rxN s>sdni kiydiY) aYvi t[ h[qL riOT^)y mhRv tr)k[ jih[r
kr[l kliRmk k[ a](thi(sk mhRv Friviti> Amirk aYvi AYL aYvi pdiY<n&>, yYip\s>g m&jb l*>TfiT, (vkZ(t, (vniS, AYLi>tr, (nkil aYvi (nkis sim[ rxN krvin) rijyn) frj rh[S[.
an&. 50 - ºyiyt>#in&> kiri[bir)Y) (vBijn rijy, rijy s[viai[mi> ºyiyt>#in[ kiri[bir)Y)
alg krvi pgli BrS[.
an&. 51 - ai>trriOT^)y Si>(t an[ slimt)n[ uºn(t
51{a[} - ai>trriOT^)y Si>(t an[ slimt)n) uºn(t miT[,
51{b)} - riOT^i[ vµc[ ºyiy) an[ minp*v<kni s>b>Fi[ jiLvvi miT[
51{s)} - s>g(qt p\jiai[ni arsprsni Äyvhirmi> ai>trriOT^)y kiydi an[ s>(Fai[n[ lgt) frji[ p\Ry[ni[ aidr vFirvi
51{D)} - ai>trriOT^)y p\âi[n&> (nrikirN lvid) oiri krvin[ u_i[jn aipvi p\yRn krS[.
an&. 51 a[ - m*LB*t frji[ (Fundamental Duties) 42mi[ b>FirN)y s&Firi, 1976 Y) m*LB*t frji[ um[rvimi>
aiv). frji[ nig(rki[n) C[, rijyn) nh)> frji[ni[ bribr aml Yiy t[ miT[ kiydi[ GDvi[ j$r) C[ frji[ni[ aml nh)> krnir Äy(kt sim[ prmid[Sn&> aiXip#i
frmiv) Skiy nh)> m*LB*t frji[ :- {1} b>FirNn[ vfidir rh[vin) an[ t[ni aidSi[<
an[ s>AYiai[ni[, riOT^¹vj an[ riOT^g)tni[ aidr krvin) - riOT^g)t gviy Ryir[ UBi YviY) riOT^g)t trf aidr
btiÄyi[ gNiy pr>t& g)t givimi> ki[E ji[Diy nh)>, ti[[ t[niY) anidr Yti[ nY)
{2} aizid) miT[n) riOT^)y lDtn[ p\[rNi aipnir uµc aidSi[<n[ ãdymi> s>Grvi an[ t[n[ an&srvin)
{3} Birtni> siv<Bi]mRv, a[kti an[ aK>(Dttin&> smY<n krvin) an[ t[n&> rxN krvin)
{4} d[Sn&> rxN krvin) an[ riOT^)y s[vi bjivvin) hikl Yiy Ryir[ t[m krvin)
{5} Fi(m<k, BiPik)y, p\id[(Sk aYvi (vBig)y mtB[di[Y) pr rh)n[ Birtni tmim li[ki[ vµc[ s>vi(dti AYipvin) tYi B\itZBivn) Bivni k[Lvvin) an[ A#i)ai[ni gi]rvn[ hi(nkirk Äyvhiri[ni[ Ryig krvin)
{6} aipN) s>yi[(jt s>AkZ(tni smZÜ virsin[ sºminvin) tYi t[n&> rxN krvin)
{7} vni[, sri[vri[, nd)ai[ an[ vºy p\iN) s(ht k&drt) pyi<vrNn&> rxN krvin) an[ t[n) s&FirNi krvin), an[ Jvi[ p\Ry[ an&k>pi dSi<vvin)
{8} v]Xi(nk mins, minvtivid an[ (jXisivZ(t tYi s&Firividn) Bivni k[Lvvin)
{9} jih[r (mlktn&> rxN krvin) an[ (h>sini[ Ryig krvin)
{10} riOT^ p&r&PiY< an[ (s(Üni uµctr tbÊiai[ BN) stt p\g(t krt&> rh[ t[ miT[, Äy(ktgt an[ sim*(hk p\vZ(tai[ni tmim x[#i[ uRkZOTti p\i¼t krvini[ p\yRn krvin)
n)(t (nd[<Sk tRvi[ an[ m*LB*t a(Fkiri[mi> tfivt
b>n[ a[kb)jini p*rk C[
n)(t (nd[<Sk tRvi[n&> vg)<krN {1} simiºy li[ki[n[ ai(Y<k ºyiy upl¾F krivti> (nd[<Sk
tRvi[ :- - ai vg<n) a>t<gt t[ (nd[<Sk tRvi[ sim[l
C[ k[ j[ rijymi> ai(Y<k p\jit>#i AYi(pt krvini> uØ[SY) (nd[<(St krvimi> aiv[l C[. j[ n)c[ m&jb C[.
an&. 39 - n)(tni ci[Ês (s¹Fi>ti[ rijy an&srS[. an&. 41 - k[Tlik p\s>gi[mi> kim, (SxN an[ mddni[ a(Fkir an&. 42 - kimn) ºyiy) an[ minv)y Srti[ an[ p\s*(t riht an&. 43 - kimdiri[ miT[ (nvi<h v[tn vg[r[ an&. 46 - an&s*(ct ji(t, an&s*(ct jnji(t an[ aºy nbLi
vgi[<ni> S]x(Nk an[ ai(Y<k (hti[n) uºn(t an&. 47 - pi[PNn&> Atr an[ JvnFi[rN U>c& livvin)
an[ jih[r airi[³y s&Firvin) rijyn) frj an&. 48 - K[t) an[ Qi[r uC[r a>g[ ÄyvAYi
{2} simiºy li[ki[n[ simi(jk ºyiy upl¾F krivti> (nd[<Sk tRvi[ :- uØ[S simi(jk li[k kÃyiNn) AYipni krvini[ an&. 39 a[ - smin ºyiy an[ mft kin*n) shiy an&. 44 - nig(rki[ miT[ smin d)vin) kiydi[ an&. 45 - biLki[ miT[ mft an[ fr(jyit (SxNn) ji[gviE an&. 46 - an&s*(ct ji(t, an&s*(ct jnji(t an[ aºy nbLi
vgi[<ni> S]x(Nk an[ ai(Y<k (hti[n) uºn(t an&. 50 - ºyiyt>#in&> kiri[bir)Y) (vBijn
ni[>F :- 23 j&liE,2003mi> svi[<µc adilt[ pi[tini a[k a](thi(sk c*kidimi> d[Smi> bFi Fi(m<k sm&diyi[ miT[ smin nig(rk s>(htin) j$(ryit btiv). adilt[ a[ bibt pr (dlg)r) dSi<v) k[ 56 vP< pC) pN b>FirNni[ an&. 44 lig& piD) Skiyi[ nY). j[ni an&sir srkirni[ a[ p\yRn hi[vi[ ji[Ea[ k[ t[ d[Smi> smin nig(rk s>(hti lig& kr[. adilt[ ApOT ky&< C[ k[ b>FirNni[ an&. 25 j[ Fm<ni piln tYi t[ni r)t(rvijni> amlni[ a(Fkir p\din kr[ C[ jyir[ an&. 44 Fm<n[ simi(jk s>b>Fi[ tYi Äy(ktgt kiydiai[Y) alg kr[ C[.
{3} rijn)(tk tYi pyi<vrN s>b>F) n)(t (nd[<Sk tRvi[ :- an&. 40 - g\im p>ciyti[n) AYipni an&. 43 a[ - uwi[gi[ni vh)vTmi> kimdiri[n) sim[lg)r) an&. 47 - pi[PNn&> Atr an[ JvnFi[rN U>c& livvin)
an[ jih[r airi[³y s&Firvin) rijyn) frj an&. 48 - K[t) an[ Qi[r uC[r a>g[ ÄyvAYi an&. 48 a[ - pyi<vrNn&> rxN an[ s&FirNi an[ j>gl t[mj
vºy Jvi[n) slimt)n&> rxN an&. 49 - Amirki[ an[ riOT^)y agRy Frivti>
AYLi[ an[ pdiYi[<n&> rxN {4} ai>trriOT^)y Si>(t tYi s&rxi siY[ s>b>(Ft n)(t
(nd[<Sk tRvi[ :- - riOT^(pti mhiRmi gi>F) (vVSi>(t tYi minv
kÃyiNn[ pi[tini Jvnn&> lÈy minti hti. t[mni (vciri[Y) p\Bi(vt Yen[ b>FirN s(m(ta[ ai vg<mi> a[vi tRvi[n[ sim[l kyi< C[ j[ni[ uØ[S (vVSi>(t an[ minv kÃyiN C[.
p\â - m*LB*t a(Fkiri[ an[ rijy n)(tni (nd[<Sk tRvi[ vµc[ni a>tr pr p\kiS piDi[. rijy n)(tni (nd[<Sk tRvi[ni aml)krN miT[ k[ºW an[ rijy srkir oiri krvimi> aiv[l upiyi[mi>Y) k[Tlik pr cci< kri[. {07/1/6b)/250/30}
p\â - rijyn[ b>Fnkti< adiltmi> (vcirni ayi[³y (nd[<Si[ s>b>F) b>FirN)y ji[gviEai[n) sm)xi kri[. {02/1/8a[/150/15}
p\â - rijy n)(tni (nd[<Sk tRvi[n) b>FirN)y (AY(t S&> C[ ? 1975-77 n) kTi[kT) pC) adilt[ t[n&> aY<FTn k[v) r)t[ ky&< C[ ? {01/1/7a[/250/30}
p\â - rijy n)(tni (nd[<Sk tRvi[n&> mhRv S&> C[ ? rijyn) n)(tni kyi (nd[<Sk tRvi[n[ m*L a(Fkiri[n) srKimN)mi> p\m&Kti p\i¼t C[ t[ dSi<vi[. {99/2/4a[/150/20}
p\â - m*LB*t a(Fkiri[n) siY[ n)(t (nd[<Sk tRvi[n) vt<min (AY(t j[ p(r(AY(tmi> uBr) C[ t[n&> s>(x¼t vN<n kri[. {98/2/1a[/250/40}
p\â - Big-4 mi> smi(vOT (nd[<Si[ upri>t b>FirNni aºy Bigi[mi> k[Tlik b)ji (nd[<S j[ rijyni nim[ C[ t[ S&> C[ ? {92/2/4a[/150/20}
m*LB*t frji[
p\â - m&²y m*LB*t frji[ ai[LKi[ {03/1/8b)/150/15}
p\â - Birtni b>FirNni ki[E pN cir m*LB*t frji[ lKi[
{97/2/8D)/25/3} p\â - m*LB*t frji[ an[ a[ni[ h[t& S&>
C[ ? {93/2/4a[/150/20}
Big-5 s>G {The Union} Birt)y b>FirN[ s>sd)y Sisn pÜ(t (b\Tnmi>Y) apniv) C[. (b\Tnmi> Sisnn) p\m&K riN) hi[y C[ jyir[ Birtmi> riOT^p(t hi[y C[ (b\Tnmi> riN)n&> pd v>Sin> C[ jyir[ Birtmi> riOT^p(t
c*>TN)m>DL oiri c*>Tvimi> aiv[ C[. t[Y) Birtn[ p\jis_iik gNrijy kh[vimi> aiv[ C[.
an&. 52 - Birtni riOT^p(t riOT^ni b>FirN)y vDi C[ kiri[bir)ni vDi mi#i nimni hi[y C[. viAt(vk sti m>#i)m>DLni
hiYmi> hi[y C[. hi[Ñi[ s>BiL[ t[ tir)KY) pi>c vP< s&F)n) m&dt hi[y C[ riOT^p(t pd miT[n) liykiti[ :- Birt)y nig(rk, 35 vP< p*ri Yy[li, li[ksBini s¿y tr)k[ c*>TN) lDvin) liykit t[mj ai[(fs ai[f p\i[(fTni[ hi[Ñi[ Frivti n hi[vi ji[Ea[
an&. 53 - s>Gn) kiri[bir) sti s>Gn) kiri[bir) sti riOT^p(tmi AYi(pt YS[ an[ t[ stini[ Avy> aYvi
t[mni aF)nAYi[ a(Fkir)ai[ oiri b>FirN an&sir aml krvimi> aivS[.
s>Gni lÆkr) dLi[n) svi[<µc sti riOT^p(tmi> AYi(pt YS[ an[ t[n&> (nymn kiydi oiri YS[.
an&. 54 - riOT^p(tn) c*>TN) s>sd {li[ksBi an[ rijysBi}, rijyn) (vFinsBini c*>Tiy[li s¿yi[ni bn[li
mtdirm>DL oiri riOT^p(tni hi[Ñin) m&dt p*r) Yiy t[ ph[li nvi riOT^p(tn) c*>TN)
krvimi> aiv[ C[. t[mni an&gim)n) (nmN*>k n Yiy Ryi> s&F) t[ai[ pi[tini hi[Ñi pr
cil* rh) Sk[[ C[. ki[E rijy (vFinsBin) am&k j³yiai[ Kil) hi[y aYvi ki[E rijy
(vFinsBin&> (vsj<n Yy[l&> hi[y, ti[ pN riOT^p(tn) c*>TN) aTkiv) Skit) nY).
an&. 55 - riOT^p(tn) c*>TN)n) r)t {1} sm$pti an[ smt&Ãytini[ (sÜi>t (vFins¿yni mtn&> m*Ãy = {rijyn) k&l vAt) / rijyni (vFinsBini
c*>Tiy[li s¿yi[n) k&l s>²yi}/1000 s>sd s¿yni mtn&> m*Ãy = k&l rijy (vFinsBini c*>Tiy[li s¿yi[ni
mt m*Ãyi[ni[ srviLi[ / s>sdni b>n[ gZhi[ni c*>Tiy[li s¿yi[n) s>²yi {2} a[kl s>k\mN)y (sÜi>t
an&. 56 - riOT^p(tn) stiai[ kiri[bir) stiai[ an&. 77{1} p\miN[ tmim kiri[bir) kiyi[< riOT^^p(tni nimY)
krvimi> aiv[ C[. (nmN*>k krvin) sti :- vDip\Fin an[ aºy k[ºW)y p\Fini[ {an&. 74}, a[Tn)< jnrl {76},
ki[À¼T^i[lr an[ ai[(DTr jnrl {an&. 148}, svi[<µc adiltni ºyiyiF)Si[ {an&. 124}, rijyn) vD) adiltni ºyiyiF)Si[ {an&. 217}, rijyni rijypili[ {an&. 155}, ai>trrijy s(m(t {an&. 263}, s>G jih[r s[vi aiyi[g an[ rijyi[ni sm*h miT[ s>y&kt aiyi[g{an&. 316}, niNi>p>c {an&> 280}, c*>TN) k(mSnr {an&.324{2}}, an&s*(ct ji(tai[ an[ an&s*(ct jnji(tai[ miT[ riOT^)y p>c{an&.338{a[}}, BiPi p>c {an&.434{1}}
lÆkr) stiai[ an&. 53{2} h[qL lÆkr) dLi[ni[ svi[<µc a>k&S riOT^p(tmi> AYi(pt
C[. lÆkr) dLi[n) rcni, t[mn) ni[kr)n) Srti[ vg[r[ a>g[ kiydi[ GDvin) sti
s>sdni hiYmi> C[. t[ an&sir s>sd[ aim)< a[kT psir kr[l C[. Birtni riOT^p(t s>sdn) m>j*r) (vni aYvi Avy> y&Ü jih[r kr)
Sk[ nh)>. v]Fi(nk stiai[ :- Birtni riOT^p(t s>sdni[ Big C[. s>sdn[ jvibdir nY) pr>t& t[ai[ j[ p\
Finm>DLn) rcni kr[, t[ s>sdn[ jvibdir C[. {1} s>sdn) b[qk bi[livvin) k[ m<v) riKvin) an[ s>sdn&> (vsj<n
krvin) {an&.85{2}} {2} s>sdn&> ud`GiTn p\vcn krvin) {an&. 87{1}} {3} s>sdn[ s>bi[Fn krvin) an[ s>d[Si mi[klvin) r)t {an&. 86}
{4} vi(P<k niNi>k)y (nv[dn rj* krvin) {an&. 112{1}} {5} ki[À¼T^i[lr an[ ai[(DTr jnrlni[ ah[vil rj* krvin)
{an&.151{1}} {6} k[ºW)y jih[r s[vi p>cni[ vi(P<k ah[vil rj* krivvin)
{an&.323} {7} an&s*(ct ji(t an[ an&s*(ct jnji(t miT[ni riOT^)y
p>cni[ ah[vil rj* krivvin) {an&.338} {8} simi(jk an[ S]x(Nk r)t[ pCit vg<ni li[ki[n) (AY(t tpisvi
miT[ (nmiy[l p>cni[ ah[vil rj* krvin) {an&.340} KrDiai[ rj* krvi miT[ BlimN j$r) : {1} rijyi[n) srhdi[ aYvi nimmi> f[rfir krvi miT[ni[ KrDi[ {an&.
3{a[}} {2} niNi>k)y KrDi[ {an&. 117} {3} s>(ct(n(Fmi>Y) Kc< krvini[ hi[y t[v) ki[E bibt
a>g[ni[ KrDi[ {an&. 117{3}} {4} rijyn&> (ht j[mi> rh[l hi[y t[vi[ krv[ri[ lidvini[ k[ t[mi>
f[rkir krvin[ lgti[ KrDi[ {an&. 274} {5|} v[pir vi(Njyni Avit>#y pr (ny>#iN m*kti[ KrDi[ {an&.
304}
ºyi(yk stiai[ kTi[kT)n) stiai[ niNi>k)y stiai[ riOT^p(tni (vS[Pi(Fkiri[ an&. 61 - riOT^p(tni mhi(Byi[g miT[n) p\(k|yi an&. 63 - Birtni upriOT^p(t an&. 66 - upriOT^p(tn)
c*>TN) an&. 67 - upriOT^p(tni hi[Øin) m&dt an&. 70 - aºy aik(Amktiai[mi> riOT^p(tni> kiyi[<n)
bjvN) an&. 71 - riOT^p(t aYvi upriOT^p(tn) c>*TN)n[ lgt)
aYvi t[n) siY[ s>b>(Ft bibti[ an&. 74 - riOT^p(tn[ mdd krvi an[ slih aipvi
miT[ m>#i)m>DL an&. 75 - m>#i)ai[n[ lgt) aºy ji[gviEai[ an&. 76 - Birtni a[Tn)< jnrl an&. 79 - s>sdn&> b>FirN an&. 80 - rijysBin) rcni
an&. 81 - li[ksBin) rcni an&. 82 - dr[k vst) gNtr) pC) p&n<ÄyvAYi an&. 83 - s>sdni gZhi[n) m&dt an&. 84 - s>sdni s¿ypd miT[ liykit an&. 85 - s>sdni s#ii[,
s#i smi(¼t an[ (vsj<n an&. 86 -
riOT^p(tni[ gZhi[n[ s>bi[Fvini[ an[ s>d[Siai[ mi[klvini[ a(Fkir an&. 87 - riOT^p(tn&> Kis s>bi[Fn an&. 88 - gZhi[ a>g[ m>#i)ai[ an[ a[Tn)< jnrlni a(Fkiri[ an&. 89 - rijysBini a¹yx an[ upi¹yx an&. 90 - upi¹yxni pdni[ avkiS, riJnim&> aYvi $Ksd an&. 93 - li[ksBini a¹yx an[ upi¹yx an&. 94 - a¹yx an[ upi¹yxni pdni[ avkiS, riJnim&> aYvi $Ksd an&. 95 - upi¹yx aYvi aºy ki[E Äy(ktn) hi[Ñin) frji[ aYvi a¹yx
tr)k[ kiy< krvin) sti an&. 96 - a¹yx an[ upi¹yxn[ hi[Ñi prY) d*r krvini qrivn)
(vcirNi vKt[ t[ai[ a¹yx AYin l[S[ nh)>.