Birth Control-Past, Present and Future By Margaret Sanger

JUNE, 1921 Twenty-fire Cents

- . . . - - . . . . . - . A ~ N b o a , MICK -Mm L 4 KI-oads, 1318 Forest Court

ST Lours Mo -Grace ~ n d e i n , Supenmendent of Mmc~gal The Commzttee of One Thousand DI Ira S Wde, 261 FT Nursea, Gty Dmpensary 11th and Chestnut Street. 73rd Street, chlurman SEATTL~. WASH-The Seattle Buth Control League Mmma Internatzonal Bath Control League DI w m J R ~ b u n , Parkhunt, 516 Thrd 4re. West, Seattle, Waab, -etw presldent. 12 Mt Mom Park Weat The Woman's Commcttee of One Hrndred Mrr Amas Pm SUM"1T J-Rer Frankh

chot, cha~nnan, 9 East 8181 Stwe. WASHIN~TON, D C-The Btrth Comol League of the D u h r of Voluntary Parenthood Lengue *9 East 59th Street Mars Colurnbua Mn Anna Werler, 1926 New Hampsba Avo,

Ware Dennett, d~renor president

A Little Lesson foi Those Who Onght to Know Better

Q UERY -What IS Blrth Control? H E R E ARE SOME facts - Answer-A Sclence whlch teaches hat polerty and soclal (a) Do~tors nearlv all have small fnmtlles nowadavs

evlls can be greatly reduced by encouraging people to have small famlhes

Q -Why should people have small famllles only? A -(l) In order to be able to feed, clothe, house and edu

cate thelr chlldren properly, (2) In order to preserve the mother's health, strength and

hrpplness, (3) In order to a\old overcrowding the labor market and

keeplng down wages by competltlon Q -How can people llmtt then fam111es7 A -In two ways One IS by ceaslng to llve a natural mated

llfe The other IS to employ the means whlch hale been dls covered for avoldlng havlng chlldren wlthout gnlng up the sex llfe

Q-Is lt not wrong to use artlficlal means for avoldlng havlng chddren?

4-It IS not wrong p r o ~ ~ d ~ d that no means are emplo)ed whlch would lnlure the parents or any chlld wh~ch 1s once on the way

Q-Are not artlficlal methods of restrtctmg famthes bad for the health?

A -It used to be thought so But wlthrn the last few years lt has become clear that there 1s no lust~ficat~on for this bellef

. . - ~ ~2~

(b) The Presldentq of the Brltlsh Assoclat~on and of the American Med~cal Assoclatlon have both spoken In favor of family llmltatron

(c) In 1911 the Hungarian Medlcal Senate gave a judg ment In favor of permlttlng the use of preventive means

(d) Wherever small famllles have become the rule the health of the natlon has Improved, and lt IS not Improved when famlhes have remarned large

Q -Does not famlly llmltatlon mean race sulclde?

A-No, 1t does not Large famllles mean race slaughter, because so many mouths cannot be fed, and large numbers per~sh

Q -Would not a knowledge of preventlve mean3 encourage young people In ~mmorallty

A -Perhaps lt mlgh-ht sf 1t were taught to very young people wlthogt warnlng them properly In other ways and narnlng them of the terrtble rlsk of dlsease But ~f young people are told that they can marry because there IS no need of havlng chlldren before they can support them, and lf they are grven the knowledge when they marry, lt wlll improve morallty by tsklng them away from temptatlon

T H E CBIRTH CONTROL KEVIEW DEDICATED TO VOLUNTARY MOTHERHOOD

MARGARET SANGER, Edztor

VOL V JUNE, 1921 No 6

"More Sinned Against Than Sinning " By Florence Guertzn Tuttle

E MOST unforgettable moment m our memorable v ~ t to the Chddren's Court as representatwe of a woman's

club, was when Judge Wllklns looked us stralght In the eye and bltterly a r r a p e d us, and through us, all women

"Thls 1s the on11 court m the world," he sald "where a g ~ r l 1s always wlth women from the tlme of her arrest to the hour of her commitment Before tlus, she used to be herded wlth men, In prlson pens, m Black Marlas taklng dr~ves of many mlles, wlth terrlble consequences And ~t's all your fault," he sald, loslng h ~ s customary gentleness and shakmg hls finger In our faces, "that you women, you mothers, don't Interest yourself m condltlons and change them "

We accepted the charge meekly because we knew that we were gullty We were old enough to vote--twice over-we had deluded ourselves wlth the thought that we loved children, and we personally had never vlslted a children's court before'

For one hour we sat m Judge W~llun's small room adjolmng the court room where the cases agamst glrls are heard p n vately The court deals w th boys and g r l s under slxteen years of age and 1s a Crlmlnal Court and not a Clv~l Court That means that damages may not be collected Moral suaslon wlth the parents 1s used to settle the cases out of court, and m nme cases eut of ten, we were told, IS successful

For one hour we llstened to charges agalnst glrls "No 601-Katherme Kolmsky, 15 years old," Judge W I ~

klns announced An o5cer of the Court stepped forward and reported the case ln a low volce to h ~ s Honor

"fifteen years old-pregnant-sent to Kmgs County Hos pltal," we managed to hear

HEN FOLLOWED a long hst of g&-mental d e f e c t w e who were to be sent to the Mental Clmzcs at Bellevue

"We seem to be fillmg up Bellevue," grlmly announced the Judge

"It's all your fault," rang unremlttmgly m my ears, llke the chorus m a Greek tragedy

"612 Veronlca Johnson-14 years old," announced the Judge "Charge 'ungovernable'-mother dead-stays out nlghts" The Court Clmc found Veronlca to be a low grade Moron She was sent to Bellevue Hospltal and wdl finally be committed to Letchworth Vlllage

"613 Margery J o n e s 1 2 years old, defective mentally, ~ar t la l ly blmd and partially deaf, crlmlnally assaulted by her step father Sent to Randall's Island

"614 Gertrude Gallagher-15 years old, dlsorderly chlld Left a good home, ran away from H ~ g h School wlth another glrl, picked up men who gave her money for room and board, wlth the usual result-assault

"615 Rosma Barta-15 years old Two complamts, va grancy and dlsorderly conduct Home condltlons poor Par ents and three other chddren llvlng m small quarters Glrl ran away and slept ln hallways for three weeks Does not msh to return home

"616 Maggle McMurray-14 years old Complamt, Im proper guardlanshlp" Glrl has no home, parents unknown Placed m St Joseph's Home by a Cathollc worker Found to be a trouble maker and 1s now m Bellevue awalntlng transfer to Letchworth Vlllage

T THE END of a gruellmg hour of slmllar cases, the boys A were amlgned outslde m the court room The charges are arranged llke the g~rls, under four headlugs

"Ungovernable Children" "Dlsorderly Conduct" "Larceny" "Damagng Property " A half hour of these cases sufficed They were boys for the

most part from homes of ignorance and poverty, and some from no homes at all-lust vagrants

Feeling as ~f we had been readmg page after page of human documents, we descended to the office of the Brooklyn Juvenlle Assoclatlon, where the splendid constructwe work of the or- ganlzatlon 1s none Here the work IS preventwe, thls prlvate agency trymg not only "to prevent the h l d r e n comlng to the Chlldreds Court, but also the Court has functioned, endeavor mg to remstate the chlld m the community m such a way as to have h ~ m or her grow up to a hfe of usefulness and re spectablllty "

Out of 614 cases brought to the Assoclatlon, only 20 were returned to Court, that IS, 594 were settled by "moral suaslon" Thls fact alone would prove the work of the Assoclataon to be more than worth whlle

The work IS accomplished through a staff of tramed workers who make frlends wlth the mdlvldual chdd SIX probatloo o5cers are also employed-two Jewsh, two Catholm, and two Protestant agents

MISS Gertrude Grasse, the Execut~ve Secretary, recewed us

The Bmh Control Revlcto

m her oCce upatairs, and pahently explamed the d~&culhes of dw problem

"What do yon need mostv" I mqulred

"Money, of course," was the expected reply "Our budget a $16.000, mamtamed enhrdy by pnvate contnbuhon We need also a better buddmg, and a larger staff of tramed workers "

THOUGHT OF the proposed approprmhon for more battle I s h ~ p nummg mto billlor I thought of the figures even me the day before by the wfe of an ex secretary of the Navy- 93 cents out of every Amencan dollar for wars, past and future, and not one penny appropriated for that greatest national home defence--better boys

M m Grasse also brought down the lash of socml responsi bdity across our culpable shoulders She dld not shake her fist in our faces She lashed us wth her pen, in her report, whlch perhaps IS all the more s t m p g

"One of the chef needs as brought out by the complamts 1s home trammg for the chdd," she has written m her report for 1921 "It IS true that authority of all lunds, m church, in polihca, m Industry is undergoq a change and that this may have its reaction on the present day child. It 1s also true that the American born chdd of the foreign born parents IS often the d d d commg to court There IS a gulf created between the parents and the dddren and often they not only do not talk the same language, literally speakmg, but mentally and spir a l l y they do not speak the same language.

"One of the great needs shown by t h ~ s year's work is the need of sex mstruchon The number of chlldren who come to us because of some rmsunderstandmg m them sex llte has m creased It 1s qute true that the home IS the place where thls knowledge should be Imparted The parents are the ones who should gve this mstructlon Experience has shown however, that m the vast majority of homes, even of the better clacs (the itallcs are m e ) such rnshuctron u not gaven It has also been shown that when it has been pomted out to the par ents that &IS lnstruchon was a d d l e , they are glad to avad themselves of the opportunity placed at their d~~posal As m most of these cases there has been a false mpression created in the ch~ld's rmnd," MISS Grasse h, "lt 1s to be regretted that the r&t Impression could not have been even years back Ths kssociatlon hopes to put i-,o operahon some work along tlus line which wl l at least reach the cblldrm under its care '

HAT AN ASSOCIATION domg vital constructive work of thu kind for the naaon9s p t e s t asset-its chldren-

should have to beg for a few thousand dollars each year, 1s an arraignment not only of women but of our entire civiiizahon

We belleve that it u not too much to say that the work of the Brooklyn Juvenile Association, p~loted by the sympathetic in tellrgence of Judge Robert J Willun and others assomated wlth hun, is the most fundamentally important work m the modern category of socud nuprovemeat But one other effort can be menhoned as takmg precedence--the scienhfic and eugenic ef

fort to go deeper and get back of these chlldren so hopelessly caught m the toils of human stupiby and deal wth the prob- lem ef the Improvement of the human speclea ~taclf--the prob- lem of the better born In ~ t s md&xence to tb need Soclety ltself 1s guilty-whch means every one wth eyes to see and ears to hear

The motto of the Brooklyn Juvenile Assoclahon is "It 1s wlser and less expensive to save cluldren than to punish cruu~nals "

Over the door of the new Children's Court we would suggest another sentence

"More Slnned Agalnst Than S-g " And agam, the words of that greatest of all advocates and

friend of children-"Inasmuch as ye have done ~t unto one of these little ones ye have done it unto me"

HE ARTiCLE ON PAGE 5 is the first of a series of T articles that Mrs Sanger has been asked to wnte for

Japan She has dinded them mto three parts-Birth Control, Past, Present and Future Tbe first part has already appeared m the May number of Reconstructwn, a Japanese p e n o d d That a request of this nature should come from the over crowded Orient 1s significant of the progress of the Birth Con trol movement and is proof that Japan herself realizes that what she needs most IS Birth Control-not battleships "EX plosive populations," are one of the acknowledged causes of war and m these articles Margaret Sanger deals with their menace m a scientific, masterly fashon

THE BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW 1 0 4 F I F T H A V E N U E

NEW YORK, N Y

VOL V JUNE. 1921 No b - - ,

Eduor CARET SANGER Assocm& Eduors

FLORENCEGUERTIN TUTTLE LOU ROGERS ANNE KENNEDY BLANCHE SCHRACK

Publrshed Monthly Subscnphon pnce $200 a year, foreign countries and Canada $2 25, postpaid.

Bundle rates $14 per hundred Owned and Published by

THE NEW YORK WOMEN'S PUBLISHING CO , Inc

Entered as secondclass matter M d 11, 1918, at the post offica at hex lork, h 1 , under the act of March 3, 18i9

lsaued on the f i s t of each nwwh Addnsr wmapondenca and make checks and money orders

payable to Tne BIRTH CONTROL REVTEW Enfish Agents W T Edgar & Co. Ltd 51 & 52 Chancery.

London. W C Z Nmcr -When rcquc.tmg change of address. g ~ v e both old and

new addras.

The Buth Control R-

Birth Control - Past, Present and Future By Margaret Sanger

E MOST revolutionary bcovery of the nineteenth cen tury, declares Bernard Shaw, IS that of the dellberate

lunltahon of famdles Although thls discovery 1s now scarcely one hundred years 014 ~t 1s most mhmately bound up wlth the whole of contemporary Western clnllzahon Denounced and r epda t ed by the leaders of the Chnstlan Church and also by the Maman Soclallsts, the ldea of “Birth Control" has nevertheless firmly planted ~ t s roots m Europe and Amenca, and has shown an ever mcreaang ntallty John Stuart Mdl, one of the earliest and greatest econormsts, wrote "L~ttle Im

provement can be expected m moralrty untll the producmg of large famllies 1s regarded wlth the same feellng as drunken ness or any other physlcal excess" To understand the ram ~ficatlons, the background and the pwotal Importance of Blrth Control as a world problem of the present and mmc&ate fu ture, we must have a thorough grasp of the b ~ r t h and evolut~on of thls sunple yet central problem of human eustance Once we have grasped ~ t s h~story, we are m a much better posltion to understand m physiolog~cal, hygenm and eugenic aspects and the part Blrth Control must play, as an mternat~onal weapon in the reconstruction of a world of peace, security, and universal prosperity In the present paper, therefore, I shall cons~der Fust, the hlstorlcal and phllosoph~c aspects of Mal thuslanlsm, neo Malthuslanlsm and B~r th Control, and sec ondly, m hygenlc and physlologcal slde, and ~ t s relatlon to the world problem of the present and unmedlate future

IN 1798, REV THOMAS MALTHUS, a clergyman of the Church of England, published the first edhon of h a world

famous "Pr~ncrple of Populatlon" wh~ch m 1806 was glven to the world m a rensed and more thorough form In this epoch makmg essay, whch was one of the most stunulatlng books ever glven to the world and whlch attracted the attention of all great thinkers from that day to &IS, the English clergyman enunciated h s challenging "theory of populatlon," whlch has never been satlsfactorlly or completely refuted HIS am, m the "Prmclple of Populatlon" was "1 to lovestzgate the causes whlch have hltherto unpeded the progress of manlund toward happmess, and 2 to examme the probablllty of the total re moval of those causes m future" The one great cause, he clauned, was "the constant tendency m all animated lzfe to Increase beyond the nourishment prepared for ~t " T ~ B theory was based upon studm and statlshcs he gathered from all countrles of the world, mcludmg Inha, Chma and Japan, and led Malthus to the conclusion that "populahon, when un checked, goes on doublmg itself every 25 years, or mcreases m a geometrml proportion But the food to support the mcrease from the greater number wdl by no means be ob

tamed wlth the same faclllty It may falrly be pro nounced, that cons~derlng the present average state of the earth, the means of subsistence, under c~rcumstances the most tavorable to human mdustry, cannot posslbly be made to In crease faster than In an aruhmetml ratlo"

ALTHUS SHOWED that there were two checks to thls too rapld mcrease m populat~on Whatever tends to pro

duce a smaller number of blrths 1s called a preventwe check, whatever leads to a greater number of deaths 1s termed a posuzve check Among the posltive checks are wars, fammes, epldem~cs, floods, mfanhclde and abortlon Among the pre ventwe checks are the rustoms of contmence, ~ehbacy, late marriages, and prudence after marrlage Malthus advocated late marriages and "moral restramt " People should not marry until they had reached the age of about 38 But this was very soon seen to be unprachcal

The Malthuslan League, organized m England In 1877, was founded upon the great central prlnc~ples of population lald down by Malthus, but m view of a wiser understanding of human nature, advocated early marrlage and llmlted parent hood, by the means of the dellberate and sclentlfic prevention of conception The prmclples of thls society, whlch has Inter nat~onal atliliatlons m all of the countrles of Europe and the Unlted States of Amertca, are an adrmrable summary of the Malthus~an and Neo Malthuslan doctrmes They are

1 That populat~on (unlus consctously and sufficrently controlled) has a wnstant tendency to Increase beyond the means of subarstence

2 That the checks wiuch counteraact t h s tendency are rcaolvahlr Into posluve or Me-destroymg, and prudentsal or h~rthrestr~cung

3 That the pos~ttve or Me destroyrng checks comprehend the pre- mature death of ciuldren and adults by h a w , starvation, war, and lnfanuctde

4. That the prudenttal or huthrestnctmg checks conslats m the llrmtat~on of oKsprmg (1) kly ahstenuon from or postponement of marnage, or (2) by prudence after manage

5 That prolonged postponement of manage IS not only producttve of much happmnesn, but m also a potent cause of sexual vtce and disease Early marnage, on the contrary, tends to ensure aexual purity, domestlc comfort, soclal happiness and mndmv~dual health, but a IS a grave aocrd oUence for men and women to hrmg mto the world more chlldren than they can adequately house, feed, clothe, and educate

6 That overpopulatton IS the most fmtful source of paupenam, Ignorance, cnme and &ease

7 That 11 IS of great unportance that those aficted wlth heredttary &seare, or who are othemme pllunly tncapable of producmg or reanng pbsmally, mtellectually and morally satisfactory chlldren should not become parents

8 That the full and open dlscuas~on of the Populatton Questron m all a s necessary aspects IS a matter of vltal moment to Socrety

"Awaken to the power that buald; an empwe from a brok en hour "-H H

The Bcrth Control Reucew

OW PROFOUND an ~ d u e n c e upon European thought thls L.w of Populat~on has, IS md~cated by the fact that it

served as a bas~s for Darwtn's theory of natural selection, a theory that changed the complete current of European sclence ~n the nmeteenth century

Unt~l the advent of Neo Malthus~amsm, when the attempt was first made to educate the populat~on of the varlous Euro pean countrleS m varlous sc~ent~fic methods of preventing con ceptlon, the Malthus~an doctrme was stdl mostly m the phdo soph~cal stage of d~scuss~on Its opponents, lnclud~ng the Marx~ans, argued that mth ~ncreased product~on, the result of mach~nery in mdustry, and wlth w~der more equ~table dls tr~butlon, there would he plenty of food for all classes of the population But facts and statlstlcs d~sproved thls contention

W ~ t h the lncrease of machme production, there arose an ever Increaslng demand for cheap labor, as well as for chlld labor Machmery, by ~ncreaslng product~on and dxstr~but~on, became a fundamental cause m ~ncreaslng the populat~on W ~ t h the advent of the machme process In the nmeteenth century In Europe and the Un~ted States that began the growth of the great, overcronded cltles, ch~ldren became an economlc asset The b~ r th rate mcreased enormously, and the helpless l~t t le vlctrms of an ~nhuman lndustr~al system were sent very early to work In the factones

In 1877 widespread publ~crty was gwen to the doctrme of the preventlon of conceptlon by the arrest of Charles Brad laugh, a d~st~ngu~shed member of the Brlt~sh Parhament, and Mrs Annle Besant, for publ~shlng the work of an Amencan physman, Dr Charles Knowlton, entltled "The Frmts of Phi losophy" The attempt to curb thelr actmtles among the workers and the poor defeated its own purpose The w~de publlc~ty resulted m the w~despread adoptlon of then teachmg The better class of workers ~mmed~ately began the exerclse of voluntary parenthood, and thls, combmed wtth the laws for h~ddmg chdd labor m the factones, had the effect of greatly decreasmg the bnth rate m England and Scotland, among the more skllled and mtell~gent laborers From &s date began the sharp declme m the bnth rate, not merely ~n England, but In the more advanced countrles of the European continent as well

T WAS SOON discovered that a lower blrth rate brought I w~th ~t a lower death rate, espec~ally a lower mfant mor tal~ty rate Fewer chddren were born, but more of them sur vwed The whole mfluence was toward placmg a greater and greater value upon ch~ldren and chdd life So true has thls been that the preventwe ohecks upon populat~on, notably 111

Holland, have had the opposlte effect to that mtended In the doctrme of Malthus the adopt~on of fam~ly l ~ m ~ t a t ~ o n had actuallv led to an increased and more healthv populatlon

In the crltlclsm of the Malthus~an doctrme, wh~ch was brought to the foreground of European thought by the famous case of Charles Bradlaugh and Mrs Besant In 1877, there has

been a persistent fa~lure to touch the core of the doctr~ne of overpopulatlon The root of the m~sunderstandlngs concern mg t h ~ s doctr~ne is to be found In the fa~lure to d~stlngu~sh between what we may call statcc and k~netzc overpopulatlon Let me br~efly define these

Stat~c overpopulatlon is, the condition when the population of a country has ~ncreased up to ~t ult~mate power of ohtaming the necessary food supplles and subs~stence

Kmettc overpopulat~on exlsts when the rate at wh~ch new arrwals m a country (by b ~ r t h or ~mm~gra t~on ) exceeds the rate at wh~ch admtional subs~stence can be provided for them

It should be borne In mmd that nelther Malthus nor the Neo Malthus~ans of today have been concerned about any ah solute h m ~ t to the food supply There may be a few countrles, e g Chma, m wb~ch a l lm~ t may be cons~dered as hav~ng been actually or nearly reached, and wh~ch mlght be called actually or statically over populated, but we are actually concerned with kinetic overpopulat~on, wltb ~ t s more dlrect relat~on w ~ t h poverty, dlsease, overcrowdmg, Infant mortal~ty, unemploy ment, lnsanlty and feeblemmdedness

HAVE POINTED out that the campaign and propaganda brought d~rectly to the workers of England ln 1877 had a

d~rect and profound effect In decreas~ng the b ~ r t h rate and subsequently the ~nfant mortallty rate But an even more elo quent example of practmal family l ~ m ~ t a t ~ o n IS to he found in the case of Holland, where thls doctrine has been ~ m p l ~ n t e d m the populatlon w~ th the approval of the Government Smce 1881, mformatlon and sclence concernmg the preventlon of conceptlon have been available to the people, and slnce 1885 there have been cllnlcs for the spreadmg of hyg~en~c mforma tlon, ~nclud~ng "b~rth control" to all women Thls followed in the wake of a thorough and enthus~astic d~scuss~on of the subject at the mternatlonal med~cal congress m Amsterdam m 1878 The results have been so gra t~fy~ng that today Amster dam and The Hague have the lowest ~nfant mortallty rates of any cltles In the Occ~dental world So great are the results ob tamed that there has been a remarkable Increase In the phys~cal strength, the stature and the longev~ty of the people, as well as m prosperity When we contrast thts grat~fylng result with the shockmg detenorat~on m the lower classes m Great Brltaln as a result of the so called mdustrlal revolut~on-w~th ~ t s over crowdlng and overwork, there can be l~ t t le doubt of the efficacy of B~rth Control m developing nat~onal strength

The pract~cally un~versal practlce of Blrth Control m Hol land for the last th~rty five years was put to the test dur~ng the Great War and was str~k~ngly v~nd~cated Let us remember and reiterate that ~n Holland the Neo Malthus~an League has smce 1885 been engaged m teachmg the poorer people, through the agency of physmans, m~dwwes and nurses, In the best s c ~ e~tif ic means of B~rth Control, that it has had the countenanrr and support of the mmsters of State, and that ~t has been reg~stered slnce 1895 as a Soc~ety of Publlc Ut~llty

(Contrued on page I l l

"Freedom, their b d l e cry-freedom, or leave to dle "-G H BAKER

The Bwth Control Revtew 7

A Great Churchman on Birth Control NE OF THE most mpresslve and slgnlficant utterances m

defence of B~r th Control comes to us m the January num ber of the Eugenzcs Revzw It IS an essay on "Eugen~cs and Rehg~on" by The Very Rev W R Inge, dean of St Paul's m London Where In our own country IS to be found a church man of the courage, the ~ntellectual strength and enl~ghten ment of Dean Inge? How we would welcome such a cham plon of true Chnst~an~ty, whether we agreed w~ th h ~ m or not' But the great power of Dean Inge 1s In malung you agree w~ th h ~ m by the very vlgor and ~ncls~veness of h ~ s words, by h ~ s brdl~ant and convmcmg mob~lizat~on of facts and sclence and true r e l~g~on to the defence of eugenlcs and Bmh Control Whlle he addresses hlmself at present to the eugemsts, he performs the mvaluable servlce of emphasmng the inev~table unlty of purpose of B~rth Control and Eugenics Emphat~cally r e agree wlth Dean Inge, when he says

"We should be ready to glve up all our theones ~f sclence proved that we were on the wrong hnes And we can understand, though we profoundly dlsagree w~th, those who oppose us on grounds of author~ty We know where we are w~ th a man who says, 'B~rth Control IS forb~dden by God, we prefer poverty, unemployment, war, the phys~cal, mtellec tual and moral degenerat~on of the people, and a h ~ g h death rate to any mterference wlth the unwersal command to be fru~tful and mult~ply,' but we have no patlence wlth those who s3y that we can have unrestr~cted and unregulated propa fatlon wlthout those consequences It IS a great part of our work to press home to the publ~c mmd the alternatlve that 11es before us E~ther ratlonal select~on must take the place of the natural selectlod nhlch the modern State wlll not allow to act, or we must go on deter~orat~ng When we can convlnce the publ~c of th~s, the opposltlon of organned rehg~on wlll soon collapse or become meffect~ve"

D E A N iNGE effect~vely answers those who have objected to the methods of Blah Control as "~mmoral" and In contra

dict~on and ~nlmlcal to the teach~ngs of Chr~st, and l n c ~ dentally clams that for those who are not blmded by prejudice from d~scovermg them there We quote t h ~ s lnterestlng and stlmulatmg lnterpretatlon

"Chrlstlan~ty alms at savmg the soul-the personal~ty, the nature, of man, not h ~ s body or hls envlronment Accordmg to Chrlst~amty, a man IS saved, not by what he has, or knows, or does, but by what he IS I t treats all the apparatus of hfe w~ th a d~sdaln as great as that of the b~ologst , so long as a man 1s mwardly healthy, ~t cares very 11ttIe whether he IS r ~ c h or poor, learned or s~mple, and even whether he 1s happy or unhappy It attaches no ~mportance to quantltatwe measure ments of any kmd The Chr~stlan does not gloat over favor able trade statlstlcs, nor congratulate h~mself on the d~sparlty

between the number of b~rtbs and deaths For hm, as for the eugenlst, the test of the welfare of a country 1s the qual~ty of the human bemgs whom ~t produces Qual~ty 1s everythmg, quantlty 1s noth~ng And bes~des thls, the Chr~st~an concept~on of a k~ngdom of God upon earth teaches us to turn our e y s to the future, and to thmk of the welfare of posterity as a thmg wh~ch concerns us as much as that of our own generation Thls welfare, as conce~ved by Chnst~an~ty, 1s of course some ihmg d~fferent from external prosperity, ~t 13 to be the v~ctory of lntrlnslc worth and healthness over all the false deals and the deep sated d~seases wh~ch at present spa11 c tv~l~za t~on

"It seems to me that t h ~ s deal IS pract~cally ~dent~cal w~th that of the eugenlst Some tlme ago a blshop declared that eugenlcs put brawn before bram Of course we do nothmg of the k ~ n d I do not know that we want our descendants to be very braany It depends on whether they wdl have use for strong muscles I hope they wdl, for the athlete IS a beaut~ful creature, but we should all adm~t that braln 1s more lm portant than brawn, and a fine character than e~ther Nor do we, I th~nh, forget that nurture IS necessary as well as natule There are several reasons bes~des the cla~ms of human~ty, wh~ch make the eugenlst favorable to schemes for abollsh~ng the slums where the submerged tenth congregate They are the chef breedmg ground of undesnable cltlzens, and slnce their mhabltants cannot be got r ~ d of, 11 IS better that attempt. should he made to ralse them to a pos~t~ou of self respect, IU wh~ch they wlll probably not breed so fast It 1s only m the lowe L

strata that the worst specimens, the mheclle, for Instance, get marr~ed, except occas~onally by fraud, m the h~gher ranhs a thoroughly degenerate stock tends to &e out, unless there IS

great beauty or wealth or a t~t le to act as a makewe~ght It 1s also certaln that some part of the ~ n f e r ~ o r ~ t y of the slum populat~on IS due to envlronment, not to hered~ty, and t h ~ s ought not so to be We should be sorry to add the educat~onal enthuslasts to our cr~txcs by seemng to disparage then actlv l'res Educat~on 1s necessary, and rellglon IS necessary Onlj we do wlsh to remmd our orthodox and conservative fr~end. that the Sermon on the Mount contams some adnurably clear and unm~stakeable eugenlc precepts 'Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs or th~stles? A corrupt tree cannot brmg forth good fru~t , ne~ther can a good tree brmg forth evll f r u ~ t Every tree wh~ch brlngeth not forth good frult 1s hewn down and cast mto the fire' We wlsh to apply these words not only to the actlons of md~viduals, whlch sprlng from then c'lar acters, but to the character of md~v~duals, wh~ch sprlng from then mher~ted quallt~es Thls extension of the scope of the rnaxlm seems to me qulte leg~tunate Men do not gather grapes of thorns As our proverb says, you cannot make a s ~ l k purse out of a sow's ear If we belleve th~s, and do not act upon ~t by trylng to move publx oplnlon towards glvmg soc~al reform,

"The great cuy u that whzch has the greatest man or u o man "-WIIITMAN

8 The Birth Control R e v m

educahon, and rellglon a better materlal to work upon, we are s~nning agalnst the l~ght, and not domg our best to brlng In the Kmgdom of God upon earth

MAY BE REMINDED that organ~zed rellglon, so far as "'1 concerns rtself n t h economic questlous, on the whole supports the most anheugenlc schemes, and ranges ltself on the slde of the sentmentallsts agamst sclence Thls, I may be told, IS the effect of Christianity m practlce, and we must suppose that what expresses itself In practlce IS the Inner logic of the system, though some Christians may argue on the other slde The opposltlon of rellgion and science is, therefore, a real confllct of lrreconc~lable prlnclples I do not take thls vlew myself Organized religon, when ~t mlxes m politics, IS

always on the same side, the wlnnlng slde, ~t 1.9 nothmg more than a creaklng weathercock It a not polltlcal religon w th whlch I am concerned, hut the convlctlons of really rehglous persons, and I do not thlnk that we need despalr of converting

Sc- and Bvth Coatrol It would, ~f possible, be best absolutely to prohlblt In every

State in the Unlon the mamage of the physrcally, mentally and morally unfit If we take a plant whlch we recognize as polsonous and cross ~t with another whlch IS not polsonous and thus make the wholesome plant evll, so that ~t menaces all who come m contact wlth ~ t , this is crmmal enough But suppose we blend together two polsonous plants and make a thlrd even more virulent, a vegetable degenerate, and set then evll descendants adnft to multlply over the earth, are we not dlstinct foes to the race? What, then, shall we say of two people of absolutely defined physlcal impairment who are a1 1owe.d to marry and rear children? It is a crime agalnst the state and every mdmdual m the state And if these phys~cally degenerate are also morally degenerate, the crme becomes all the more appallmg-From ''Tramzng of the H m n Pht , " by Luther Burbank (Chapter 6, Page 58)

them to our views " The western world has long ~rofessed horror at the anc~ent The dlshngulshed English churchman also throws out a

Orlental practlse of exposmg Infants for the purpose of their stimulatmg suggestion concernmg Blrth Control m ~ t s relatlon to Soclallsm and Labor, supporting his statement wlth the destruction But what essent~al difference 1s there between

authority of Professor Karl Pearson that actlon of starvlng parents m a poverty strlcken populahon and the annual preventable death of a quarter mllllon Infants

"Many years ago a dishngulshed man of sc~ence-I thlnk It was Professor Karl Pearson, defended free education and m our en l~~htened repubhc -FLORENCE KEUEY

other soclallstlc measures on the ground that ultimately they would force electors to adopt statecontrol of ppulatwn EAR FRIEND Under an mdividualistic regme, he sad, we shall never mduce D The Dutch Sclentlst ~n the February number says It would the voters to do anythlng of the hnd , but when the worklng mterest h m to know how many of thls country would like to man has to pay for the education of hls nelghbor's children. have Birth Control mformat~on and the reasons - to support feeble mmded schools, hospitals for mcurables, reformatories for the morally degenerate, and pruons for the heredtary crmmal, he is llkely to rea lm that hls neighbors have no right to mpos ethese burdens upon h m , and that it IS hls mterest to apply the sacred trade unlon principle of hmitatlon of output to hls nelghbor's procreahve actmtles, espec~ally ~f the output IS of a thoroughly bad qual~ty In thls way, the war may have abridged by fifty years a period whlch was by no means unpleasant to llve In, but whlch from the point of vlew of (he eugenlst was a perlod of decadence I do not see a crumb of comfort for my own class, and I am afrald that many of our best famllles will lnevltably h p p e a r from the face of the earth, but I wlsh to emphasize that the phase of civllizatlon whlch has vanlshed m blood and smoke was a tlme of reversed selection and of the survzvol of the unfittest By a beneficlent dlspensat~on of Providence, the sentlmentallsts, In preclpltating nat~onal bankruptcy, are also hastenmg the end of their own mlxh~evous actlvmes"

Every one has a rlght to lave We w l l suppose thls granted But no one has a rlght to bring creatures into llte to be sup ported by other people Whoever means to stand upon the first of the rights must renounce all pretentlon to the last

-JOHN STUART MILL

~ ~

Count me one, and my reasons are because we all have two cho i ce s (1 ) either the blrths must be Ilnuted, or (2) we must at perlo& klll each other off m order to protect the reat

I don't want to be hlled nor have any one else lulled, ~f possible, therefore we must (as the only other alternatwe) control our blrth rate

There are qulte enough natural troubles to fight, to keep our over energetic brothers busy, wlthout kllling each other

Also I consider the reason the world IS m such a mess IS the l o p a l outcome of e x c l u d q one of the two great lmes of Ilfe-the f ema le f rom malung the laws under whch her chi1 &en have to h e , therefore I want to see her demand Ako motherhood Involving many years of hard labor w th each chlld-IS the only occupation that ls neither pald nor recog nlzed

The man cannot pay for ~t mth the tag-end of h ~ s wages No woman can legslate for man, and no man can legslate for woman

Possibly, you may thmk the above worth prlntlng if vou have room I am 60, but want to see women happler before I go forever

Very truly yours

"Be not sunply good, be good for somethrng"-THORWU

The Bzrth Control R C L L L , ~

Pour La Patrie!

M ONSIEUR JEAN BILLAUD trudged the rutted hlghway from Langres to Balesmes The evwlastmg ram of the

wmter fell m monotonous vapory drops forcmg Monsleur B11 laud to bow hls head, a posture which served to keep steadlly m hls m n d the exhilarating plan that had come to hlm In the Cafe Diderot

Twenty thousand francs were at hls finger ends Ah, what a government' A government for the people A government whch had strangled the Germans He stepped as a turn m the road brought hlm to a low stone house that rambled from Ilv kng quarters to cowstable. The steam of a manure pde hfted to hls nostrils The Door Madame Collot' How would she work the farm now wlth H e m Collot a corpse in the Argonne She had ezght cows and twelve pigs and znnumerable chlckens But she had varlcose vems and her belly was wrecked from aborhon Monsieur Bdlaud had a moment of self congrat ulatlon He had a woman' No abortloas there HIS mlnd recurred to the poster m the Cafe Diderot Langres, Haut Marne, 7th February, 1920

CITIZENS' The Government of France wdl pay to the father of

twenty l e g m a t e children twenty thousand francs It is the duty of all Frenchmen to gve sons and daughters to their country For further partzculars apply to the Mame Long llve the Natlonl"

ONSIEUR BILLAUD was the father of nlneteen In M,ty one years there had heen nm, chlldren Sacre mille couchons' If hls mfe had not been s~ck m 1904 and 1909' Eh, blen, lt was not too late He would see about it Twenty thousand francs, par Dieu It was twenty thousand francs, no less Madame Collot would sell her farm for elght He would have twelve thousand left Two thousand for Made leme's dowry, fifteen hundred for Lucille's In nme months he would he r ~ c h The thought of time m Monsleur Bdlaud's head caused hun to hurry h ~ s pace.

Madame Blllaud was bent over the small stove m her lutchen when her husband came m An odor of plg's liver sausage de lighted the air Through an ad~oining door the sputter of milk m a tm bucket gave sound of Lucllle milking the cows Two

amourous masquerade Then he chucked h ~ s wlfe under the chm, pmched her ear and she understood

"You are a fool, Blllaud The sausages are burnmg" Monsleur Blllard grew Impatlent It was already the tenth

of February It would be November untll he got the twenty thousand francs For a moment he was tempted to let the sausages bum but rdected that the extravagance was not qulte worth the few hours

In April Madame Blllaud m d to her husband "Bdlaud, I am encemte " "Name of a dog' crled Blllaud, "We shall soon be nch."

ZiT HE SAID nothmg of the twenty t h o u a d francs and Madame Billaud snapped, "You are an idiot Do you

think twenty chlldren make one rlch I shall not have thls chld ' I have already done somethmg "

Blllaud grew red wrth rage "You slut'" he shouted Then h s temper mountlng be

bawled louder ''The government would pay us twenty thou sand francs for another child You have robbed me of a fortune'" He grasped her arms roughly Madame Billaud jerked away, her sabot shpped from her foot and she fell head long agamst the stove

Wlthin a week she was dead from miscarriage and Mon sler Mlllaud cursed fate for h a 111 luck

The two s r l s Madeleme and Lucllle took the mother's place - and Monsleur spent hls nights m the cafe at the fountam place drinking and talkmg of hla mlsfortunc

A month after the funeral another ldea came to Monsleur Billaud He would marry agam There was nothmg In the government poster wlthholdmg the twenty thousand francs ~f the sum of twenty chldren were reached through two wmes Besldes, he would also have someone to take care of h s younger children His thoughts travelled toward Madame Collot He shrugged hls shoulders Her legs, lt was sald at the cafe were always swollen and blue Eh, hien' A few blg vems were worth twenty thousand francs And Madame Collot had a good farm It would be a savmg of mght thousand francs, too Perhaps, after all, ~t was well that the good God had taken hls mfe

or three of the nineteen chlldren played about the floor and ONSIEUR BILLAUD saw something In the fact these B31aud sent scurrY% nth a harsh M t h a t he and Madame Collot were married in November Madame Blllaud turned m surprlse He had lost nine months but the Government was st111 the gov "Eb, Billaud," she sald "What is ~t now?" ernment Now lt would be in August that he would get b s Monsleur Blllaud fumbled nervously I t came Into hls mmd fortune but the sprmg came and the second Madame Blllaud

that h s thoughts could he hls own secret He smded in clumsy was unchanged When a few more months passed without

Instead of a gem, or even a power, mct the gzft of a lovely thought znto the k a r t of a fnend --MncDo~u~

10 The Bzrth Control Revzw

event Monsieur Billaud told her how easily they could acquire the mandate of the Chamber But ~t has remembered him and a fortune HIS new wife siehed heav~lv todav it does him the honor of plnnlng upon h ~ s breast this

~~V - - ~ ~ , "Maw, ma pauvre home," she s a ~ d "It IS too late What

would you, Monsieur, I am forty five and many thlngs have happened to me I cannot have children "

Mons~eur Billaud was stricken speechless The calam~ty left h ~ m without the energy of wrath He sat down, trembling Suddenly his wife exclamed

- - Cross of Honor, t h ~ r d class, an honour which wdl pass from hnm to his sons and to them s o n s t h e recognition by the nation of valor and semce "

The speaker stopped, pinned the bronze medal upon the breast of Jean Billaud, kissed the cheeks of Jean Billaud, and w~ th a flourish went back to the Mayor The crowd cheered Jean Blllaud stared stup~dlv at the man with the trl color sash, * .

"They are beating the drum There is some news " then turned and made his way back up the hill The drumming came nearer and then to tbeu ears the mono ~t his doorway he paused The medal had swayed upon his

tone of the town crier A few m~nutes and the voice breast Now he fingered it as he stood in front of his house was outside their door Monsieur Billaud left h ~ s chair and Godl7, he muttered 'LA of for nineteen

hurr~ed to the street A group of ne~ghbors staod Lotted and a wife varicose velns~m

about the aged drummer cheermg and at the s~ght of Blllaud The crowd at h ~ s heels watched him go in Then another them volces rose tumultuously

shout rose beh~nd him "Vlve B~llaudl"

"Vive Billaud'" "Pour la Patrie'"

"Pour la Patrle1" The voice of the town crler rose agam

"A bas les Boches'"

"PITIZENS, ATTENTION' It is ordered by the Govern

France Ihat lean of the TO THE higher human belng 1s a "a Of ""descent of Balesmes, Haut Marue, shall report to the Mame and there

clouds forever changlng and forever changeless It is receive honor for the sernce wh~ch he has rendered the natlon

moved by aspirations vague as unrest and beautiful as hope Attention' It is ordered by the government " It is tumbled about by winds unseen but felt Its emotionalism

Monsieur hurried into the house He was honored 1s thrilled wlth the spint of infinity Every embrace of love 1s He knew what that meant francs he , new phase of belngPa new subllmatlon of consciousness- was short One chlld Ah% the government was great fresh insplratlon of life Even ~f love touches lips over the He took hls hat, embraced his wife and hurried Out bars surrounding our conventional breeding places, would it Down the hlll he the crowd at his and hls be wise to suppress, If we could, the dlvlnity m our souls, to

hlm "pan the back Long live destroy the poetry and the spice in our lives with puny and At the foot of the hill he saw a group upon the steps of the puerile laws? For my own part, I thank whatever Gods there

Mamie A stranger, with tri color sash over his shoulder was be that we can notl-From "Some Aspects of Adultery," a talking to the Mayor At the sight of B~llaud the stranger study by Dr R d c y Hllsted Bell drew himself up B~llaud felt b e l f growing d m y He could hardly cred~t the luck In a few moments

The stranger descended and laced a hand upon Billaud's We stand by while the sham delicacy ~roduced by the shoulder and began a long speech He spoke of France, of clencal Idea of sex is re inforced by the floods of crude senh the two mdlions who had d ~ e d for her He spoke In soft, sad ment so generously ~rovided by the capitalist press and while notes of the misfortune now overtakmg Erance because her prudery and prurience harry our youth into marrlage blmd women would not bear ch~ldren He prophec~ed slavery to folded, lmposmg upon them a code of silence and &crediting Germany unless sold~ers were born the poss~bil~ty of any rahonal control of maternity wthin the

marriage relat~on -TERESA BILLINGTON GREIC ERE IS A MAN:' he said, "who serves his country well

'IH Jean Billaud, c~ t~zen of the RepubI~c, father of nineteen cltlzens The French Repubhc, through my humble self, today The fact itself, of causmg the a human bemg,

does honor to t h ~ s noble citlzen, so recently bereaved of the 1s one of the most responsible actions she of human

noble spouse who bore him nineteen chlldren Had this great Me To undertake responslblllty--to bestow a life which woman lived, great, in her humble way, as Joan of Arc, Citizen may be either a curse or a blessmg-unless the being on whom

Billaud today would have been the possmsor of twenty thou it is to be bestowed will have, at least, the ordlnar~ chances of sand francs It is with regret that the Government of the R~ a des~rable elustence, 1s a crzme against that puhl~c cannot grant Monsieur B~llaud thls fortune even against -JOHN S MILL

F ~ n u h every day and be done wzth it -EMERSON

The Barth Control RcmM

BIRTH CONTROLPAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE (Conrrnued from page 6)

HE MOST STRIKING evldence of the success of thls prac tlce was brought out at the Eugen~cs Congress. when the

fact was announced that the stature of the Dutch people was lncreasmg more rapldly than that of any other race In the world The Dutch have gamed no less thun four znches zn

fifty Years The proportlon of young men drawn for the army taller

than 5 feet 7 Inches In he~ght has ~ncreased from 2450 per cent to 47 50 slnce 1865, wh~le the proportlon of men less than 5 feet 2% Inches In helght has fallen from 25 per cent to less than 8 per cent When the Dutch Army was moblhzed, the h~ghest army standards showed that the men of the proper age for the servlce were 95 per cent efficlent, acco~dlng to the highest standards Contrast thls wlth the example of the Unlted States of Amenca, where we were shocked to discover that our men were only 65 per cent efic~ent, and that w~ th a lowered mllitary standard

In my stud~es and ~nvestlgatlons of t h ~ s great problem I have pald several vlslts to Holland, both before and after the war, and my observations support these statlstlcs All the ch~ldren you see there are su~tably dressed In the workmg classes there 1s a better personal and general hyglene, a fine moral and mtellectual development Morality 1s also on a much h~gher level Prost~tut~on, w th ~ t s tram of devastatmg diseases, IS

on the declme Another great evldence, bes~des mcreased stature, IS that of the constant lncrease m longevity T h ~ s 1s surely a test of physlologlcal and financial progress From '1890 to 1899 the average length of the Dutchman's hfe was 46 20 years From 1900 to 1909 ~t was 51 These figures are equalled only by those from the Scandmavlan countrles, where B~r th Control was advocated and pract~ced even before ~t reached the Netherlands It IS also significant to pomt out that none of the dread consequences feared by ~ t s opponents, the cker~c&sts, the moralists and the mll~tarlsts have occurred In splte of a low b~r th rate, the populat~on of Holland 1s In creaslng Undoubtedly thls is because med~cal cooperatlon enables the Dutch people to practice the most sc~entlfic and hyg~enlc methods of Blrth Control The race 1s not recru~ted from the underfed and the dlseased In Holland, where the poor are thoroughly educated in Blrth Control, the famlhes of the well to do are not so much reduced, In comparison wlth thoss of other European countnes

ERMANY ON THE other hand, 1s one of the few contl nental countrms that ducouraged and pmhrh~ted the prac

tlce of famlly l lm~tat~on It was opposed both by the govern ment and the Soclal Democrats It was the boast of Imperlal Germany that the chlldren who were brought Into the world at the behest of the State were well cared for and well educated, that they were sent out Into the world as h~ghly e5c1ent and valuable cltlzens But the great d~fficulty was, the protagonists

of t h ~ s phllosophy admitted, that the State whlch had thus In vested ~n the health and efficiency of her ch~ldren, was too often depr~ved of then servlces by the narrow l~mrts of her terrltory She lost the frults of the~r labors because they were forced out by overcrowdmg, so that ahen and rlval countrles reaped the harvest of the German state's educational and cultural advantages Thls, I belreve, was the German Im perlallst's argument for expansion Today that emplre IS pros trate, mllllons of chlldren are starvlng to death, and elen those who survlve thls bltter struggle for existence, may be permanently afalcted But the great fact to remember IS that Germany fell as a result o fthe blockade It IS a strlk~ng case of the evd mfluence of a starvlng and prostrate clvll~an popu lat~on unable to serve as the sohd foundation for an army or to furn~sh new and efficlent recrults to replace the dead and wounded It can thus be seen that In the most mtelhgent sense Neo Malthus~anlsm may he supported as a thoroughlv patrlotlc phllosophy

Several years before the outbreak of the war, German advo cates of Blrth Control had polnted out that the underfeedmg and overcrowdmg caused by large famll~es was actlng as a deterlorat~on upon the physlque of the conscnpts for t h ~ Army The masses were llkewse beglnnlng to see the l~ght , although Blrth Control was strenuously opposed by the Social Democra's At a great meetlng In Berlm, August 29, 1913, Rosa Luxemburg and Clara Zetkm trled to arouse the no rk r s aga~nst the "h~rth strike" The aud~ence of 5,000 turned the meeting Into a cry for Bmh Control, and after howllng dovrn he Soc~alists, speaker after speaker arose and championed fam~ly l m ~ t a t ~ o n a. the only effcctne means b) ahlch the masses could escape the worst cvds of poberty, underfeedmg and obercrowdlng, and the scourge of the greTt cotnagious d ~ s ease Today Germany IS paling the penalty of uncontrolled breedmg

N PASSING ~t 1s an mte-estlng f x t to yc n o-I., thlL In th, late war, ~t has been those European countl es will ,I loner

blrth rate that hase surv~ved the confl~ct France 13 an examp c especially of t h ~ s Blrth Control had for decades been an ordmary and accepted practlce In that country, growlng out of the French hablt of emphasizing the value of qualzty In contrast to mere quantzty The result of thls had been prlor to the war, that the struggle for hfe In France had not been too mtense, and the people were perm~tted to enloy the good t h g s of the world The result was a sol~darlty and stablllty of fam~ly hfe The chlld was sure of the maamum of cwe, educat~on and cap~tal In contlnumg l ~ f e In great part ~t owmg to the low birth rate that France had been one of the most prosperous countrles m the world, and that her gold re serves per head exceeded the known averages of other Euro pean natlons Grmdlng poverty had been unknown In France, prevlous to the Great War lemperance and thr~f t dso arr to be cons~dered, but the small fam~ly unquestlonanly mad?

Great deeds cannot dce They wzth the sun and moon renew thew Zzght, forever blesszng those that look at them -TENNYSON

The Earth Coniroi Remew

for fair wages and farr rents The outstandmg feature of the French mother 1s her love for her chddren It gams In in tenslty all that ~t loses m extent The chlld a everthmg to her Its well bemg, its early educahon, ~ t s trammg, are the perpetual care of the mother Despite the present campaign to Induce French women to have large families agaln, there 1s every lnmcahon that the spmt of mtenslve culhvatlon 1s too thoroughly mgramed m the French nature ever to be re placed by a love of mere numbers

In North America, a great vlrgm territory, which to ~ t s early settlers seemed l~mltless and inexhausthle in natural resources and mdustnal possib~lities, the dangers of overpopulation seemed so remote that the Neo Malthusian doctnne at first aroused no Interest at all But mto thls "great melhng pot" flowed vast masses of Immigrants In the eighteenth and nme teenth centuries the "New World" became the receptacle Into whlch flowed all the surplus populahons of the Old World Wlth the rapld development of machmery and vast rallroad systems, great clhes almost by m a p sprang into existence Population mcreased enormously, even more rapldly than Malthus had unagned And wlth this uncontrolled human fecunhty came the great unconquered problems of poverty, contagious and lnfectlous diseases, epidermcs, unemployment, labor troubles, race prejudice, and the hm1tahon and exclusion of unmigrants from other countries Instead of preventmg poverty or solvmg the populatlon question, my own country, the Unlted States, faces them today m a more senous and aggravated state than any of the nabons of the Occidental world

Y OWN INTEREST in this cpleshon was aroused when as a nurse and worker for fourteen years among the poorer

women of the slums, I was horrified to dmover the amazmg amount of human waste-women and children dytng m vast numbers, whlle millions of dollars was bemg appropriated by the Government for the protection of cattle, sheep and swne I dlscovered that one out of every ten chlldren born &ed m ~ t s first year And more women dle m childbirth m the United States than m any other country m the world And the great majority of these wholesale deaths of mothers and babies, ac cordmg to a recent report of the Children's Bureau of the United States Government, are preventable These poor women always asked me, as a nurse, to help them They wanted fewer children who mlght have a chance to survive

and to grow mto healthy men and women When I began to search for the cause of the wide prevalence

of the practlce of a6ortion among all classes of American women, I dlscovered that the laws of the Unlted States Gov ermnent, as well as the laws of most of the separate states mak mg up the Union, forbade the c~rculatlon of Birth Control knowledge, even by physmans and nurses After a a s l t to the varlous countries of Europe,,mvestlgatmg the condltlons of mothers and chlldren, I returned to my own country to begm

a campalgn to educate the women of Amerlca m racial hyglene and health

My "Blrth Control" agltatlon was maugurated not upon the basis of the Malthusmn theory of populatlon, not to check the mcrease of population, but to prevent the shock~ng waste of women and chcldren. It was an answer to the cries of anguish that came to me from thousands of poor and dlseased women who called out for relief bringng numbers of helpless, un wanted babies mto their overcrowded world-mfants fore doomed to an early death It is one of the saddest sights m the poverty stricken and congested dlstrlcts of any American clty to notlce the prevalence of busy midwlves and prosperous undertakers, the latter exhibltmg in them shops the varlous types of c o 5 s for bables These poor women are too igno rant perhaps to understand the phlosophy of Malthus and h ~ s modem followers But they can and do understand "Birth Control" because ~t 1s the dlrect answer to their lmmedlate needs Thls 1s the reason why the w ords "Birth Control" swept over the vast American continent from coast to coast, and Birth Control Leagues were organized m all the great cities

LTHOUGH THE LAWS forbiddmg the cuculahon of Birth A Control mfo-t~on are stdl m emstence, they have for many years been Ignored by the wealthy and mtelllgent upper and a m classes of the Amerlcan populahon Uncontrolled breedmg 1s the hab~t only of the Ignorant poverty stricken and submerged classes Stahsticlans and emlnent scientists show us that uncontrolled fertility IS correlated wlth overcrowdmg, dmease, unemployment, filth and Ignorance, and that unless such fertlllty 1s checked m any commun~ty, the whole popula hon will gradually deterlorate and degenerate T ~ E is the great warning of Birth Control phdosophy to all nations of the world today

In other dlrechons, our campalgn m the United States has stunulated a great Interest in the care of mothers and trammg of children The western world which had long professed hor ror at the anclent Oriental practice of exposlng unwanted in- fants for the purpose of their destrucbon has now been brought to a sharp realization that there was a justificauon of that amon on the part of starvmg parents m a f a m e ridden country, whereas there is no moral excuse for "the nchest country m the world" to commlt a quarter of a nullion clul- dren to preventable death Is not our crune greater? Spurred mto belated activlty by the sharp cr~tic~sm of the advocates of Birth Control, and alarmed at the prospect, that unless the condltlons for child hfe are zmproved m Amer~ca, women might refuse to brmg them mto the world, legslators are now advocating appropriatrons for the protechon of motherhood and childhood B~r th Control advocates showed that condl hons for motherhood and chldhood are growmg worse m the Unlted States mstead of better Fourteen other nahons are more advanced m thls respect than the Unlted States of Amer

V o t a r ~ s toll every roumrd them sours releuse-Bmc~vA~ GXTA

The Buth Control Rev- 13

ica The phdosophy and propaganda of Buth Control has therefore done a great semce m & r a g attention to a phase of human hfe that 1s of central and prunary unportance to the world, and yet 1s now most exposed to duaster and risk.

It would be to neglect the most unportant phase of the phl losophy of Birth Control, lf, before talung up its hygenlc aspect, I neglected to touch upon ~ t s relatlon to modern m dustry Modem capitalism 1s desuous that kinetlc overpopu latlon continue to provide abundant labor for the employmg classes and thus to keep down wage s,by the welght of a large margm of unemployed But there is an unsuspected danger here The statistics of the Galton Laboratory for Nahonal Eugenlcs shows us that the unemployed m a generation or two are converted Into the unemployable, and a dead weght on the community and the capitalist Nevertheless the manufac ture of babies and the extent of the supply of them shll re mains a matter of chance and passlon very much as it is among a.mnals m the wild state To orgamed labor and to the work mg classes the phllosophy of Blrth Control emphasizes these facts

HE HISTORY of labor is the hstory of an unsuccessful attempt on the part of man to brmg h s produc~cue ab~llty

up to the same level as his reproduetrue power It has been a loslng battle all the way We have never been able to secure peace or prosperity We have never been able to control the aggression and forward push of modem macknery and cap lhhsm The worker 1s only too wlllmg to blame the capitalist, not only for hls own poverty, but for all the mlsery of the

world But there IS another cause, that IS the reproductive instmct, the uncontrolled femhty of lwng organisms That created the first poverty That created the first farmne That goaded all of mankmd Into the present mdustrlal frenzy, Into warfare and wandermg and want and starvation, across seas Into new lands The blg battalions of bables have made of human hfe an endloss burden of heavy work The prlnclple of restnchng the number of mouths to be fed should be ac cepted as the battle cry of labor and labor unions, who have always recognized and apphed a I k e prmciple m the conduct of their own organlzatlons In refusmg to admlt more than a fixed number of new members mto their trades, they thus man age to uphold the standard of wages For prec~sely the same reason the control of births IS necessary to hold up the stand ards of subsistence m any country-thls IS true whatever may be the particular economc sjstem prevailmg I t IS as true for the Orlent as for the Occldent Wage slavery 1s the inevltable consequence of the uncontrolled reproduchon of new wage slaves, and ~t wdl contmue as long as wage slaves are ready and wllmg to create new unlts to perpetuate the same mls erable condihons

Such, m brlef m the hlstorlcal and philosophic background from whlch Birth Control as a doctrme derlves ~ t s astonishing and ever growmg ntallty It has now reached the scientific stage, drawlng its strength and ~ t s arguments from facts and figures, from scientific experience and precise statrstics, rather than from the theory or phllosophy whlch gave it buth

(To be connnuedl

Spire: A Poet of Revolt

A NDRE SPIRE, the poet, IS a Jew who takes h s race and its problems very seriously A volume published thls

year under the title of Poemes J lu f s compnees selections from earher volumes as well as some recent magazme verse These poems seek, according to the preface, "to explam the reactions

of a man who probably does not cherzsh a smgle truly Jew~sh bellef, but who, born of Jewish parents and descended from a long lme of French Jews, has passed hls life m a provmce of the East of France where there 1s shll a Jewmh center and a f a d y strong Jewish tradmon "

M Spire's reactions are stupor and mdlgnation at the rage of oppression whlch, through the centuries, has forced his peo ple to bow their necks under the physical yoke, though they have not ylelded any of them essential spultual convlctlons HIS anger becomes apocalyptic when he reflects that the Jew has been hated m a world, the phdosophy no less than the materlal aspects of whtch he has helped so greatly to develop The following Imes, wluch I have rendered literally without

seeLing to preserve the cadence or the rhymes, are charac- terlstlc

"I smg, and at times I weep I smg when my heart Rows over It IS not because of regret, or remorse "

The attraction whlch Jewlsh subject matter has had for non- Jewlsh French wrlters has always been noteworthy From the fantastic imaglnlngs of Eugene Sue, author of Le h r f Errant, to Ernest Renan's prepossession with Palestme, a form~dable hbrary could be collected to sustaln thrs statement Most French intellectuals have been sceptics In matters of religion, but they have been Interested m ~ t s orlglns and consequently have turned to Zlon Another explanation, however, has been advanced by a well known French c r ~ t ~ c , who belleves that a surprlslngly large proportion of hls country's authors have had a slight strain of Jewlsh blood in their vems Thls 1s true of Anatole France and ~t IS said to have been true of Mon talgne The polnt 1s worth notlng-(By W Adolphe Roberts an the Amermn Hebrew )

A struggle for exutence rneultably follows from the hcg h rate a wh~ch all organlc berngs tend to rncrease -DARWIN.

The Buth Control Reulew

Mothers' Letters to Mrs. Sanger IND FRIEND

I have heard of you as gwng advrce on B~rth Control and thought I would lrke very much to drop you a few hnes to see ~f you could help me out I am a mother of 4 bables I was marr~ed when I was 19 years old and my oldest lrttle glrl IS only 5 years old the fifth day of July, the next ch~ld wdl be 4 years the 10th day of August and the next one was two years the fourth day of July and the baby wlll be one year old the 21st day of September, and I wlll be twenty four years old next month I was marr~ed ten months when the first baby came and 13 months and 5 days after second baby was born and 23 months after second ch~ld, the th~rd baby was born and 1' months after the 4th chdd was born and I had to doctor wlth my two boys the one next to the oldest for absesses on the glands for almost 9 months and finally end m an operation,

and my next l t t le boy 2 years old don't even walk yet as I nursed h ~ m whlle 1 was pregnant the last tlme and d ~ d not know ~t I was so nervous that I could not even tell when I first felt hfe and I bad to doctor wlth my l~t t le boy for 6 months before I could get anythmg to agree wlth h ~ m and he almost dled but 1s gettmg on fine now But I worry so all the tlme af ra~d that I mlght get pregnant agaln that ~t Interferes wth me nurslng my baby and I have all my own house work to do myelf as I cannot afford to pay to wash and bake and to walt on my four bab~es that sometimes I am not really able to do ~t

And my husband works steady every day and 1s not very strong and does not make a large salary and I! IS very hard slmetlmes to make ends meet, but he doesn't want me to have any more chddren ~f we can help I! but he IS lust lrhe myself, he does not know anythmg to prevent I!

Well, I guess I have told you all t h ~ s tlme hopmg to hear from you at your earllest convenrence, I remam,

A FAITHFUL MOTHER P S -Please excuse wr~tmg as I have a bad pen

EAR FRIEND W ~ l l you please grve me some mformatlon on Blrth

Control I'm a poor man's w ~ f e and have two ch~ldren now, oldest IS

not yet 2 years, and I'm not able to take care of them, so please let me hear from you by return mall

Mrs G C

In 1920-In Manhattan 1 mother dled for every 205 babres born 1 out of every 26 babies born died under one month of age

-a total of 2,145 1 out of every 21 babm was born dead

Y DEAR MARGARET SANGER Let me take the opportun~ty to write you a few lmes m

regard to your BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW I am a constant reader of the s a ~ d paper, and I t h d ~t a

Godsend to womanhood I have read the February 1s.ue and I thmk the many llttle

eprsodes In regards to poor mothers havma defectwes and Im becrles IS just terrlble

I also see where you send out a proclamat~on telllng women not to born offspring for the next five years Now how In God's name IS ~t to be done

I, the wnter, am the mother of three lmng chddren and one dead and am only marrled elght years I have used everythmg In the h e of a contraceptwe I know of and st111 get that way I am not a wealthy woman by any means, m fact ~f I were I would finance people to go among the poor and Ignorant and teach them how to be careful

Now Mrs Sanger the g ~ s t of my story IS to know where these "B~rth Control Methods" are held where Ignorant people like me can be helped, or In other words, how you lmpart Inowl edge to the l~hes of suffermg human~ty

I see ~ o u are no, a bel~ever In abort~ons so there must be some method other than that to resort to

Hopmg I w ~ l l hear from you m regards to my questions, or let me know where I can hear you speak, and slncelely hop~ng you w ~ l l succeed In your wonderful undertakmg, the upllft of Su(fer1ng Womanhood

I am a firm bel~ever m your work and an ~nteres~ed reacler of your BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW

Good Lye and Good luck PS-Excuse wrltlng and also my lgnornnce for I am an Amencan mother and ne~ther a "Socral~st" nor a ' Hndlcal~st "

EAR MRS SANGER Havmg just h u r d about your Blrth Control. 1 am p l n g

t3 ask you to please help me I am lust twenty two-have a son four and expect another

In June Now I have all I could do to get outfit and lay away for

expenses, as my husband IS just a work~ng man I thmk my fam~ly wrll be large enough now, to bring up

and educate and llve decent, as I do so love to h e nlce, and each one born deprwes the other 11vmg one, and 9 you can't hrmg chlldren up decent, I thmk ~t a sln to brrng them Into the world

I do not know anythmg to do, and any advlce from you, I would thank you wlth all my heart

I t cer~alnly IS up to us women to take care of ourselves I wlll awart your answer Thanlung you for same, I remam,

There rc no exceptwn to the rule that every organtc bemg naturally mcreases at so h ~ g h a r&, that, a} not destroyed, che earth would soon be covered by the progeny of a s~ngle pazr -DARWIN

The Bzrth Control R e w

DEAR MADAM Inclosed you find two dollars for a yearly subscription

of Birth Control and please send me also "What Every Mother Should Know" and "What Every Girl Should Know"

My husband got me the last two numbers of BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW and I like it very much I am one of the many poor women too, who got to have the children just as fast as pos sible can be I am only married 6 years and have already 4 children and a 4% mscarriage just one year before my last baby was born (the 15 Dec, 1918) Since I had that mls carnage I never feel well any more and a ttlmes I get weak spells I a mso white yet and tlred all the time I was already twlce indisposed since the baby is born, as I am not able to nurse him He nearly starved on me, but now IS plcking up a little

The doctor told me the other day that all my organs were very weak and that I must not have any more children before 4 6 years But what to do not to have them, he would not tell How I wlsh to be well agaln, as I was 6 years back when my man and I went to a doctor to be looked over before we mar rled And you know what the doctor told us3 He said, "Healthy people hke you, I wish as many children as the sand in the mer" And I guess I would have them too, llke my poor mother who had to have 17 m 24 years'

Please do let me know your secret and I will thank you for ever and pass the BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW to my friends

Enclosed stamp for answer and please put a few blanks in to sign to change the law for thousands of poor women cry for deliverance

Please excuse the faults as I dld not have an American school education

Hoping to hear from you soon, I remam,

Yours truly,

MY DEAR'MRS SANGER For two or three years I have been trylng to find out your

address, so at last I got it thm readmg the Sunday papers

I am the mother of ten chldren havmg eight livmg, and also either 4 or 5 incompletes have been taken to the hospital each tune very sick from loss of blood, still the doctors would not do anythlng for me Now, my dear Mrs Sanger, don't you think I have had enough children? I am only 37 years old, and marr~ed 17 years I am always sick and so weak Won't you klndly let me come and see you personally, and if so please let me know where and when, ~f it's only for the sake of my eight Iiwng children who stdl needs a mother over them as they are all young Excuse me for writlng to you, but I know you are the poor women's friend, so please, I beg of you to let me come and see you

Respectfully yours,

D" Falling to gain the desired information from the BIRTH

CONTROL REVIEW to which I recently subscribed, I am writmg to you hoping it w l l do me thls service, which after hearing my case, I am sure you will feel I am justified in asking

I am the mother of a dear llttle daughter three months old Due to an accident she was born more than a month before

she was expected which proved fortunate, as, though I was in a perfectly healthy condition the bones refused to separate rnakmg ~t necessary to break one of them and take the child with instruments Due to her premature arrival her bones were soft, otherwise an operation would have been necessary

Needless to say I suffered ~ntensely, and overhearing the nurses saying she could not be taken alive, my one thought was "All that agony for nothing" However, she was alive and though not expected to live for several days the miraculous happened and I am gateful to God for blessing me with such a treasure

In explaining the case, my physician warned me agamst gettmg in that condition again, as the birth would be a repe tition of this and really worse, supposing the child went the full ume, in which case as I understand it, it would be im probable that it would live, though he d ~ d not say so much

However, he refused to tell me any preventative which seems to me very unfalr Do you not think I have the right to such irformatlon?

Sincerely yours

DEAR MRS SANGER I am an mterested reader of your magazme and have just read "Woman and the New Race," for the first time Now I am a frall little woman of 104 Ibs, have three chldren, youngest 14 months I am 26 years of age and was badly lacerated at birth of last baby My husband 1s a good man and h d to me, IS 10 yems older and I realize that he will never make any more wages than he makes now We can only struggle to try to ralse and educate the chldren we have, it would be a tragedy to have more I pray that you find some way to help me All that our doctor ml l tell us is "Be care ful "

I have persuaded my husband to use certam preventives but he thinks they are mjurious Would you be pemt ted to tell me It they are or will they have bad effects on people who use them all the tune

I would be so grateful ~f you can help me in any way as I can't always deny my husband and I can not complaln of him he has always been forbearing with me

In any case, I thank you, as I know you will help me if you can

Sincerely yours,

Go on and make errors and fad and get up again Only go on-ANNA C BRACKETT

The Buih Control Revlew

Book Reviews A Revleu, by Florence G w # ~ TI&? the final crash came. she went down as she had hved, m the paaelonate

d o n to fulhll her ~dea lba lone 'MARGARET FULLER," by K a t h m e Anthony Mlao Anthony has done all women a real e m c e m r e v ~ m g mterest

Margaret Fuller was the first great Amencan fermruat. Her plea waa 'for the broadest po~ lb l e development of women m the rsaluauon of t h m destrny as human bemgs' It IS well to emphasue t h s polnt smce the womans movement m Amenca narrowed ~IseIf almost completely to the struggle to get the vote

Many b~ographleq mostly by men, have becn wntten of Margaret Fuller Muu, Anthony's book IS frankly an effort to Interpret Margaret Fuller's character and career by means of modern psycho-analysrs "So far as Margaret s case IS concemei," Muu, Anthony asserts, "S~gmund Freuds theory of hystena IS a perfect fit" She skdfully proceeds to dovetad Me and theory

MISS Fuller suffered, 11 seems, not from the Oehpus Complex, the mother ohsealon, of whch paychologwts tell us but from the father complex She was the oldest of nlne chlldren horn m alxteen pars of one mother M~ss Anthony d~smtases Mm Fuller as 'the neareat foot note of a mother" "Her mfluence appuvs to have becn luruted to the phyncal acts of motherhood " That 14 she was so busy beanng chddren that she dzd not have ume for the challengmg spmtual obhgat~ona of motherhood Her father educated her and moulded her-Ilke Ellzabeth Barrett's father-accardmg to the fashlon of IS own ~ntellectual and poht~cal enthus~asms She read Latln at a x and French More her R~ghts of Women," pubhhed fifty y e m before She alao left e~ght Mohere Bons && or W d r e d Stoner were no more phenomenal than Margaret Fuller m her mfantlle mental acrobat~ca

But the by products of t b close paternal compmonshp. MISS An thonv claims were unwholesome "All Margaret's emotional llfe cen - tered around the father who llkened her to Juno and wrote verses to a lock of her ham" In tune her chlldwh love became an amour and was not only the mazn spnng of her caner hut also the source of her neu rOhC tendenem whch flowered m hystena, bad dreams, weakness and Me long dl health.

Pathologdly thm IS utremely mterestmg and excellent readlng for fathem To the average lay woman, howeverCT 11 ls not of supreme IUI portance m recalling Margaret Fuller's splend~d Irfc. Most people s d e r from suppreeaed d e s m m one form or another and all of them a n not phys~cal Tennu In the open and basket ball played ID bloomen would have banlshed Margam Fuller's nervousness as well as most of the hystcna from whch young women of the XM C m t w sdered.

The mportant fact In regard to Margaret Fuller, to the average woman, wdl always be what she d ~ d Her record of accomplishment flamee hgh She herself sard that "she must &e If she d ~ d not burat forth m genlua or h e r o m " She succeeded m domg both.

As l~terary cntw of the New York Tnbunc she attamed dwtrnct~on and was called by Horace Greeley the "best mstmcted woman of Amer ~ c a " In 1844 she pubhhed her 'Woman m the XM Century," a hook whose only predec-r was Mary Wollenstmcrdts "Vmdmahou of the R~ghts of Women+" pubMed 6fty yuvs before She alao left eight volumes of crestwe c n t l c m on I~terature, phdosophy and ah She at tamed &unctmn agmn m h a fnendshps hav~ng become the trusted lntlmate of men llke Emerson and Mazun~, of George Sand and the lcadmg women of her day And m her death she acheved that herolsm for whch m llfe her soul had longed After playlng an actlve pan m the Itahan Republ~can Rerolutlon ghe embarked m Amenca mth her utlcd Itahan husband-young and beauuful-and her mfant son On a aand bar off F m Island the v d was areeked. M a r g m Fuller IC- fused t o leave the dup and her hushand and cluld, prefemng death wth them to separauon m the desperate chanced of the wavea When

m t b ploneer woman espec~ally at thls cnhcal penod m Amcncan b t o r y It IS to he hoped, now that the vote IS safely won, that Amencan women, In particular, d read thu lnsplnng book and emulate the example of thew talented countrywoman whose vwon was never lun~ted to the horizon of her own country, hut who felt a compellmg Interest m all countrm wherever lnjustlce re~gned and the fires of Lberty burned low

2,W Yeara Slna Qulstl HAVE mvariably found that where a man knocks h ~ s lnfe ' about a IS the wrfe's fault,' s a ~ d Justve Bymmons a

Clerkenwell magistrate, today m rullng m favor of a husband whose young wlfe asked for a separation on the grounds of cruelty

The husband adrmtted hanng attacked her, but sald she kept company to whlch he objected

"A man IS no longer master m IS own home," sald the Justice "A woman prormses to love, honor and obey, but often doesn't, and obedience cannot be enforced Under the old law a man could thrash his wfe so long as the stwk he used wasn't th~cker than a thumb But now the law 1s wobbly and weak kneed, w t h the result that there IS no d o m d c hap pmess "

MRS MARGARET SANGER Author, "WOMAN AND THE NEW RACE," says

"Thur ur a challengmg and stunulating book Dr Stops, who is one of the few living Eng- lishwomen who have attamed enviable repu- tations m the sciences, bmgs a special tech-

I nical tralnmg as well as human undentandmg I mto her considerations of love, marriage and motherhooa "

I RADIANT MOTHERHOOD I

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Dlctlonary

The Barth Control Revlew

Every m a m e d man or woman ur those ~ n t e n d ~ n g to be married must read t h ~ s remarkable new book on the sex problem "SEXUAL PROBLEMS OF TODAY" 1s wrltten by Dr Wllharn J Robmson of New E'ork, a sclent~st of wor ldwde reputation and the fore- most authorit) on sex problems In all ~ t s phases In t h ~ s book, "Sexual Problems of Today," he answers the mtlmate sex questions that a t one tlme or another confront every man or woman T h ~ s book by D r Robmson wdl g v e you In- format~on tha t has never been p u b l d y prmted before One person wrltes "If I had t h ~ s book before I was m a r r ~ e d ~t would have saved me a h f e tme of mlsery "

PART OF The Relations Between the

Sexes and M a n s lnhu manlty to Woman

T h e Double Standard of Mora l~ ty and the Effects of Contmence on Each Ssx

The Psychology of Sex The Woman a t rorty and

b'h* ...... The Llmltat~on of Off. rnng What to Do with the Fro.

tttute and How to Abol nsh Venereal Dlreare

The Woman Pays The C g s t m n of Abortton The reckmg of Human

L~fe and Happmcsa For Young Men The Pnce of a KISS Torturing the Wife When

the Husband Is A t Fault

' CONTENTS The Wnfc "lo Danger of Race Svtctdc Four Absolutely Infalltble

Mcrns for the Preventxon of Caneeptmn

Women Defendmg Thew Honor

A Wife and Her Husband The Dan e m u s Age MY Sex kropaganda Barrre Unfaithfvlnens and

Forgwencss Contraeeptzon and Ahortmn The Gospel of Happmess The Duratmn of Our Pas

smn. To LI hten the Burden of

the flleg!t!mate Mother Separate Beds

Anr one chapter 1s alone worth the pncc of the book I

"Sexual Problems of Today" contalns 320 pages conslstlng of 75 chapters of v ~ t a l IntereSt and 1s prmted on fine paper In clear type and beaut~fully cloth bound T h e pnce Is only $2 00 sent postpa~d Only by specla1 arrangement w t h the author are w e able t o sell you ths book at such a low pnce Secure your copy now whde we still have the prlv~lege of sendmg ~t t o you Order a t once Don't delay

TRUTH PUBLISHING CO 1400 Broadway Dept 19 T C New York -------..-------.------COUPON ....................... TRUTH PUB CO, Dept 10 T C , 1400 Bway , New York

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return mad postpord

Name -----....--.---------------------- 2

Address .-.--------------------------------------

C ~ t y or Ftate ....................................

llze Sexual

Is one art~cle of the current number of Ratwnal Lcvzng, 61 Ham~lton Place, New York Ed~tor B L~ber, M D , D P H Other artlcles D~fference Between Osteopathy and Ch~ropractm, The Truth &out the L ~ f e Extens~on Inst~tute, Agr~cultur* W~thout Ammals, D~sease In Sovlet Russ~a, Fasting Cure, Labor and Health, Best M ~ l k for Baby, Med~cal Quacks, Etc

40 cents a copy, $4 for 12 numbers, $2 15 for 6 numbers, $1 10 for 3 numbers No free sample coples Sold In unportant book stores In U S and Canada In New York at Brentano's, Rand School and Ma~sel's

Dr L~ber's book on the br~ngmg up of children "The Chdd and the Home," $2 50 Advance sub scrlptlon $2 00 The book together with yearly sub scrlptlon to Ratzonal Lzvzng $5 00 Instead of $6 50

Woman: Her Sex and Love Life FOR MEN AND WOMEN

By WILLIAM J ROBIN~ON. M D

T H I S IS one of Dr Robmson's most lmportant and most useful books It 1s not devoted to obstruse

~ I S C W I O ~ S or doubtful theones ~t IS full of p r a d ~nformat~on of v~tal mportance to every woman and through her to every man, to every d e and through her to every husband

The slmple, pradlcal pomts wntclmed m ~ts pages would render m l l ~ o n s of homes happ~er abodes than they are now, they would prevent the d u ~ p t z o n of many a farmly, they show how to hold the love of a man, how to preserve sexual attraction, how to remam young beyond the usuallly allotted age. The book destroys many mjunous errors and supershtlons and teaches truths that have never been presented m any other book before In short, tlus book not only mparta mterestmg facts, ~t gves practical pomt whch d l make t . o ~ ( ~ ~ ~ d l ) of women and thousands of men happ~er, healher , and more satisfied mth llfe Certam chapters or even para graphs are alone worth the prlw of the book.

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