birth control
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Birth Control Social Networking Website
OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the fundamentals of reproduction.
2. Describe and identify contraceptive choices at different stages of life.
3. Identify common myths about family planning.
1. Explain the impact of child spacing on maternal and infant health.
Each month during ovulation an egg is released and moves into one of the fallopian tubes. If a woman has unprotected sex around this time, and egg may meet a sperm in the fallopian tube, and the two may join. This is called fertilization. The fertilized egg then moves through the fallopian tube into the
uterus.
Reproduction Health in the United States
Highly effective contraceptive methods have been around for several decades
Half of all the pregnancies in the U.S. are unintended. The majority of them can be attributed to using of less effective methods coupled with inconsistent and incorrect use; gaps in contraceptive use
At least one in two women will experience an unintended pregnancy, one in three will have an abortion by age 45
Choosing a Birth Control MethodWomen of any age or stage of life may use any of the
contraceptive methods, which are currently available
Contraceptive counseling is patient-centered. Women should be presented and have access to the broadest number of contraceptive options so they can select the one best suited for their lifestyles and reproductive plans
It is imperative that providers understand and are
able to present women with all available options
Current Contraceptive OptionsMost
EffectiveVery
EffectiveModerately
EffectiveEffective
Prevents pregnancy > 99% of the
time
Prevents pregnancy 91-
99% of the time
Prevents pregnancy 81-
90% of the time
Prevents pregnancy up to 80% of the
time
Copper T IUDHormonal
IUDImplant
Sterilization
Pills Injectable
Patch Ring
CondomDiaphragm
Sponge
Fertility Awareness
Cervical CapSpermicide
Most Effective OptionsCopper T IUD Brand name: Paragard Approved for up to 10 years of useCan be used for emergency contraceptionCommon side effects: heavy periods, menstrual crampsCandidates are those who:
Want long-acting, reversible method
Want to avoid hormones
Hormonal IUD / Levonorgestrel-releasingBrand name: MirenaApproved for up to 5 years of useCommon side effects: irregular spotting at first, then can expect lighter periodsCandidates are those who:
Want long-acting, reversible method
Have menstrual symptoms (heavy periods, menstrual cramps) that may disappear with this method
Cannot use estrogen
Most Effective Options
Myths about IUDsMyth Fact
IUDs cause infection Incidence of pelvic infection is not increased while using IUDs. Preexisting STD at time of infection, not IDU, increase risk of pelvic infection
IUDs can only be used by women who have been pregnant before
IUD is safe and effective also in women who have never been pregnant, even adolescents
IUDs cause abortions IUDs work by preventing sperm from reaching the egg
IUDs cause ectopic pregnancies
IUDs do not increase the risk of ectopic pregnancies. They decrease risk of both ectopic and intrauterine pregnancies
IUDs cause infertility IUD is not related to infertility. Women can become pregnant quickly after removal of the IDU
Most Effective OptionsContraceptive ImplantBrand name: ImplanonContains etonorgestrelApproved for up to 3 years of useCommon side effects: unpredictable, irregular spottingCandidates are those who:
Want long-acting, reversible method
Have menstrual symptoms (heavy periods, menstrual cramps) that may disappear with this method
Cannot use estrogen
Oral contraceptive pills“Combination pills” estrogen and progestinCommon side effects: nausea, dizziness, headache that go away after few monthsCandidates are those who:
Want use a daily method consistently
Have menstrual symptoms (heavy period, menstrual cramping)
“Mini-pills” progestin-onlyCommon side effects: irregular spottingCandidates are those who:
Want use a daily method consistently
Cannot use estrogen Want rapidly reversible method
Very Effective Options
Myths about the Combination PillsMyth Fact
Taking the pill is risky The pill may be risky for some women although for majority of women the benefits outweigh the risk
Taking the pill cause weight gain
As many women lose weight as gain weight while taking the pill
Taking a break from the pill now and then is a good idea
There is no healthy benefits to taking a break from the pill. Taking a break may increase a woman’s chances of an unwanted pregnancy
The pill cause cancer Most studies show the pill does not increase risk of cervical or breast cancer and it decrease the risk of endometrial (uterine) and ovarian cancer
It is difficult for women to become pregnant after stopping taking the pill
The pill is out of a woman’s system and she is able to get pregnant within 24 hours of when she stops taking pills.
Very Effective OptionsContraceptive PatchBrand name: Ortho-Evra patchContains estrogen and progestinWorn on skin and changed weeklyOk to shower, swim, exercise with patchSide effects: nausea, dizziness, headache that go away after few monthsCandidates are those who:
Want use an easy non-daily method
May want to regulate period Have menstrual symptoms
(heavy period, menstrual cramping)
Very Effective OptionsVaginal RingBrand name: NuvaRingFlexible, unfitted ring placed in vagina for 3 weeksContains estrogen and progestinCandidates are those who:
Want convenience of 3 weeks regimen
May want to regulate period
Have menstrual symptoms (heavy period, menstrual cramping)
Very Effective OptionsContraceptive ShotBrand name: Depo-ProveraIntramuscular or subcutaneous injection every 3 monthsCommon side effects: irregular spotting, stop having periods, weight gainCandidates are those who:
Want non-daily method Cannot use estrogen Do not want to conceive
immediately after discontinuing use
Other methods…Very effective permanent method:
Male and female sterilizationLess effective methods:
Barrier / Coitus DependentMale and female condoms can be combined with
more effective methods for STI prophylaxis Cervical cap, diaphragm, sponge, spermicides, coitus interrupts (withdrawal), natural family planningAbstinence is 100% effective in theory, but the risk of failure is very high
Lactation Amenorrhea Very effective if breastfeeding on demand
Emergency Contraception (EC)Prevents pregnancy after having sexDoes not cause an abortionNor the same at RU-486/mifepristone Methods:
Dedicated products: Plan B, Plan B One-Step, Next Choice
High dose of “combination pills”Copper T IUD
Birth SpacingWorld Health Organization (WHO)
recommends at least 24 months between pregnancies in order to reduce the risk of adverse maternal, perinatal and infant outcomes (2005 Report of a WHO Technical Consultation on Birth Spacing)
Why Birth Space?Birth-to-pregnancy interval
Outcome
6 months or shorter Higher risk of maternal mortality
18 months or shorter Higher risk infant, neonatal, and perinatal mortality; low birth weight, small for gestational age, preterm delivery
18-27 months “Residual” elevated risks