bioteknologi som drivkraft i bioøkonomien · bioteknologi som drivkraft i bioøkonomien ole...
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Bioteknologi som drivkraft i bioøkonomien
Ole Jørgen Marvik, Spesialrådgiver, Avdeling for Biobaserte Næringer, Innovasjon Norge
The bioeconomy is value creation based on renewable biological resouces.
The bioeconomy reflects the turning away from petroleum dependency.
Bioenergy
Materials Chemicals
Food & feed
"What ever happens in this century, we will have to learn to live without fossil hydrocarbons."
Prof. David Goldstein, CalTech: ”Out of Gas: The End of the Age of Oil”, 2004
1000 2000 3000
Traditional bioeconomyTechnology-based
bioeconomy
Petroleum economy
Technology is the mother of change
The Stone Age did not end due to shortage of stone!
What about the Petroleum Age ???
Biomass production capacity is limited
FoodNon-food
5 bill MT
agricultural and marine products
6 bill MT oil & gas
3 bill MT
agri and forestry
+ 6-8 bill MT feed+ 6-8 bill MT coal
Sugars, protein, lipids etc.
Fossile carbon(gas, oil, coal)
200 mill years
Cyanobacteria,Microalgae, plants
Cyanobacteria,Microalgae, plants
CO2 + H2O
Light, wind, waves, hydropower
Methane, methanol
e-
CO2 + H2O
Degradation
Remove oxygen
Degradation
Conversion Conversion
Chain elongation
Conversion
Fossile carbon(gas, oil, coal)
200 mill years
Light, wind, waves, hydropower
Sugars, protein, lipids etc.
Cyanobacteria,Microalgae, plants
Methane, methanol
e-
CO2 + H2O CO2 + H2O
From black to green carbon
Typical platform chemicals
Fossil resources
Petrochemistry Biotechnology
Renewable resources
Olefins: an important group of building blocks in chemistry
N-Butenes3
Butadiene4
Isoprene5
Ethylene1
Propylene2
Isobutene6
Courtesy of Global Bioenergies, Evry, France
Synthetic biology
A global industrial revolution
Consumer segments where the future matters
6,000 tons of ABS per year • Acrylonitrile: From propylene + ammonia• Butadiene: From butane• Styrene: From benzene + ethylene
23rd June 2015: LEGO will invest $ 150 mill in order to be “fossil free” in 2030.
LEGO Group owner Kjeld Kirk Kristiansen:
“Our mission is to inspire and develop the
builders of tomorrow.”
Integrated sectors – green products
Food/feed ingredients
Speciality chemicals
Biopharmaceuticals
Cosmetics
Textiles
Bioplastics & polymers
Pulp & paper
Lubricants
Bulk chemicals
Bioenergy
Fisheries/aquaculture
Plankton/Krill
Micro-algae
Kelps
Cerials
Oil crops
Suger crops
Wood/straw
Livestock/poultry
Municipal waste
Conversion
12
Agricultural non-food crops
Thistles
Matrica (Sardinia)
50:50 JV between Versalis and Novamont, transforming a former petrochemical plant into a biorefinary.
Vegetable oils turned into e.g. carboxylic acids and esters found in cosmetics, fragrances, homecare, bioplastics etc…
www.matrica.it
Tobacco
CSIRO (Australia)
High density tobacco with >100% increase in yield (20 T/ha).
Vehicle for various GM crops, e.g. high value proteins such as vaccines or enzymes, or…
…increase from 1 to 25% oil in the leaves – for food and industry.
www.biofuelsdigest.com
Kultevat Inc. (USA)
Russian Dandelion
Breeding program generating high yields of precursors for rubber, as well as sugars for biofuel.
High quality latex goods (gloves, condoms, balloons), as well as bulk rubber products such as automotive parts and tires.
www.kultevat.com
Main Norwegian biomass
BorregaardBiomega
Biotech in aquaculture; growth, health, feed..
Source: Kontali
…and bioprocessing / biorefining
Rundfisk
FOOD PROCESSING
1,3 mill MT50%
16
Co-products
ENZYMATIC
HYDROLYSIS
Lipids
Protein
Bone
BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES POWDERS EXTRACTSMODIFIED LIPIDS PEPTONES PHOSPHOSLIPIDS GLUCOSAMINESMARINE MINERALS FLAVOURS CHONDROITIN
50%
waste
e.g. proteases
Testing a marine peptone from salmon as fermentation nutrient.
Reaching out to new markets
CPI (Centre for Process
Innovation), WiltonBiomega AS, Bergen
The sugar platform
Starch Cellulose
Industrial fermentation
Single cell protein for feed
Etanol or butanol as fuel
Platform chemicals
Pharma-ceuticals
Enzymatic hydrolysis
Mono-sugar Alginate
$
19
No need to adjust pH with
chemicals such as ammonia
and sulfuric acid.
Reduces cost (soluble
enzyme, machinery, energy,
water, time etc.)
Sugar etanol
A thermostable amylase enzyme engineered into the corn endosperm.
The feedstock – designer crops
Syngenta Inc
• Enogen was awarded Agri Marketing Magazine’s 2014 Product of the Year Award• However, concerns remains over potential cross-pollination to food-crops.
Nanocellulose
The paleozoic origin of enzymatic lignin decomposition reconstructed from 31 fungal genomes. Science 336, 1715-1719 (2012)
Coal deposits due to lack of lignin enzymes
Ligno-cellulose
Potentially a great source of aromatic building blocks
$ 15 per kg$ 1500 per kg
The many sources of vanillin
From wild catch to cultivation
Seaweed Energy Solutions AS develops technology for cultivation and harvesting of seeweed in exposed waters.
The potential could be millions of tons!
Currently, FMC Biopolymer is harvesting >150.000 MT of Laminaria hyperborea along the Norwegian coast.
Total value > € 125 mill.
Consolidated bioprocessing of kelp
Endo-lyasePseudoalteromonas sp.
Cytoplasmic exo-lyaseVibrio splendidus
Periplasmid exo-lyaseVibrio splendidus
Oligo-alginate transporterVibrio splendidus
Suger metabolismEscherichia coli
Ethanol generationZymomonas mobilis
Consolidated bioprocessing: Enzyme production Feedstock degradation Feedstock metabolism Product formation
Ethanol yield:4.7 % (v/v),… 3.9% after 48 h80% of theoretical maximum
An engineered microbial platform for direct biofuel production from brown macroalgae.Wargacki et al, 2012. Science 335, 308-313 – Bioarchitecture Lab/Statoil
www.innovasjonnorge.no
Silk beads Silk coatings Silk fibers
CHALLENGES: Several polypeptides Codon usage Complex folding
Spider silk from bacteria
Strong as steel Tougher than Kevlar Hypoallerginic Antimicrobial
www.amsilk.com
What is behind the horizon ?
2013: First burger, $ 300.000 2015: "Steak chips", $100 per piece
Modern Meadow (US) raises $ 10 mill to develop beef and hides in culture.
Prof. Mark Post (Univ. Wageningen) received the World Technology Award for Environment in 2013 .
Vol 32 (2014), 294-296
...sets great things in motion
Biotechnology…