biotechnology genetic engineering – process of manipulating or changing an organism’s genetic...
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BiotechnologyGenetic engineering – process of manipulating or changing
an organism’s genetic make-up or DNA • Usually done by using restriction enzymes to cut the DNA• Creates genetically modified organisms (GMO) or a
transgenic organism
Transgenic Organisms
Types of Genetic Engineering
Recombinant DNA – process of taking a piece of DNA and combining it with another strand of DNA
• 3 types: Bacterial transformation, phage introduction, non-bacterial transformation
• Used to mass produce insulin Plasmid (vector) – small circular piece of DNA that contains growth information for a bacterial cell– Used to carry the foreign DNA into a cell or to mass produce the foreign DNA
Gene therapy – experimental technique that used genes to treat or prevent disease
• Still in experimental stage• Possible diseases it could treat: cystic fibrosis,
hemophilia, muscular dystrophy, sickle-cell anemia, Parkinson’s disease
DNA fingerprinting – method of isolating and identifying
variable elements within the base-pair sequence of DNA• Uses gel electrophoresis and restriction enzymes • Creates a unique pattern of bands• Used for crime scene forensics, paternal disputes, and
body identification
Paternity Testing
Cloning – describes several processes used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity
• Creates a “clone”• Created naturally through asexual reproduction and
identical twins• 3 types: gene cloning (bacterial transformation),
reproductive cloning (whole organism), and therapeutic cloning (embryonic stem cells)
• Not always identical due to environmental influences on the genotypes and phenotype outcomes