Biorezonancije

Irena Cosic, Professor and Head of School *

•RMIT University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering

•Australian Centre for Radio frequency Bioeffect Research ACRBR

Slide 2

Bioloske oscilacije zivotnih ptocesa

• Dnevni ritam• Ritam srca• Ritam mozdanih talasa

Acupunturne take

Rezonancija molekularnog prepoznavanja

Vecina ritmova su elektromagnetski – utical elektromagnetskog zracenja na zivotne ritmove

Slide 3

Schumann Resonance Electromagnetic Fields in the Evolution of Life

• A continuous extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation, so called Schumann resonances is present in the geomagnetic field, with frequency peaks at approximately at 100, 21, 14.1, 7.8, 5.7, 4, 1, 0.1 and 0.001Hz.

• A number of studies have shown that geomagnetic fields have a major influence on the orientation of pigeons and sea gulls, protein synthesis and branching in plants and human physical and mental states.

Slide 4

Natural radiation

• Biological life has always taken place in a sea of naturally occurring EM radiation of cosmic, atmospheric and geomagnetic origin,

• Extraterrestrial radiation consists of electromagnetic waves such as visible "light", infrared, microwave radiation etc. and of subatomic particle radiation, in particular:– Electrons, protons, ions and atomic nuclei;– Magnetic fields originating from the sun, the earth and other

planets;– Cosmic radiation from all directions (not only from the sun),

which reach the earth with nearly the velocity of light. This radiation consists of very high-energy elementary particles and nuclei - also called cosmic ultra radiation; and

– Electromagnetic radiation of nearly all wavelengths.

Slide 5

EM RADIATION AND BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING

• The effects of artificial (man-made) EM radiation on living tissue can be broadly divided into two categories: – Thermal effects, i.e. the destructive effects of

gross thermal heating. – Athermal effects or relatively ‘weak fields’ that

produce temperature increases below the range of normal organism fluctuations.

Slide 6

Man-made EM radiation

• Simple man-made (artificial) externally applied weak EM radiation currently used to test for the effects of EM radiation would also seriously need to consider that: – Any complex biological modulation systems are not

readily duplicated by human produced weak EM radiation as currently used for testing purposes.

– Effects produced by man made EM radiation may be more due to increasing the general stress load on the organism rather than because of distortion of information.

Slide 7

Rhythmic signals and behaviour of the human body

Life processes in any biological organism are usually based on rhythmic oscillations:

• Electrophysiological signals such as ECG, EEG, EMG• Hormonal/biochemical rhythms such as circadian

rhythms• Electrical and electromagnetic resonances in the body,

particularly at the cell level

Slide 8

Electrophysiological signals

Table 1: Common rhythmic biomedical signals 

Signal Frequency Magnitude (volt, pressure)

EEG dc - 100 Hz 15 - 100 µV

EMG 10 - 200 Hz depends on muscle activity

ECG 0.05 - 100 Hz 10 mV (foetal) and 5 mV (adult)

Heart rate45 - 200

beats/min-

Blood pressure

dc - 200 Hz40-300mmHg (arteries)0-15 mmHg (ventricles)

Breath rate12 - 40

breaths/min-

Slide 9

Daily and hormonal rhythms

• biological timing ranging from hormone secretion occurring in distinct pulses throughout the day, to daily cycles (circadian rhythms), and monthly or annual cycles

• result of external influences of the earth’s day night cycle, but also due to an independent internal “biological clock”

Slide 10

Electrical and electromagnetic resonance in the body

• The human body can be considered as a very complicated living system with a number of different chemical, electrical and mechanical processes running simultaneously and continuously.

• As such it is the oscillatory system and is expected to have possible resonant points for different processes.

Slide 11

Molecular and cellular level bioeffects of Electromagnetic Fields • the studies of interactions of EMF with biological

media have been separated by frequency –ELF RF frequencies.

• possible interactions with cell membranes proposed that cell membranes could act as non-linear resonators strongly amplified signals within a narrow range of frequencies.

• Effect range from nerve excitations, electronically induced forces, the dielectric breakdown of cell membranes and other processes that directly involve electric fields.

Slide 12

Cell membrane resonance

• many types of molecular processes can occur: • electronic excitation; • polarization; • field-generated force effects; • heat; • other electronic and ionic effects. • Resonant processes – dipoles vibration (Frolich)

Slide 13

Molecular resonances RRM model

Slide 14

RRM: different frequencies <=> different protein functions

Slide 15

RRM: interacting proteins have the same frequency but opposite phase

cell

Cell membrane

p1 f1 p2 f2 p3 f3DNA

Sinusoids of the same frequency but different phase

Slide 16

Postulate: proteins interact through oscillations of a physical field possibly

electromagneticcharge transfer through the protein backbone is a sufficient

condition for EM radiation/absorptionW= W(COOH)‑W(NH2) = 0.13 Ry.

Vmax =

where e is the electron charge, and m is electron mass.

V < 7.87 x 10 5 m/sec

distance between amino acids could be considered at:

d= 3.8 Å

Fmax < V/(2d); Fmin =2 Fmax/N,

where N = total number of amino acids

Fmax < 1x1015 Hz, Lmin > 330 nm

Fmin > 1x 1013 Hz, Lmax < 30000 nm

meW2

Slide 17

RRM frequencies and EMF radiation

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

protein nm rrm cm-1 Kcyt c 415 0.473 24096.39 196blue 430 0.475 23255.81 204green 540 0.355 18518.52 191red 570 0.346 17543.86 197hem. 14770 0.02 677.0481 295purple 860 0.281 11627.91 241flavodoxin 470 0.379 21276.6 178igf 400 0.492 25000 196fgf 441.6 0.453 22644.93 200insulin 552 0.344 18115.94 189growth f. 633 0.293 15797.79 185

650 0.293 15384.62 190pdgf 830 0.242 12048.19 200chymotr. 851 0.236 11750.88 200calculative 400 0.5 25000 200

Slide 18

RRM frequencies and light radiation

• A number of examples including light absorbing proteins, growth factor activation, enzyme activation, and red/far-red and blue-light receptors in plants have shown that there is a definite linear correlation between RRM frequency space frrm and corresponding light wavelengths in nm:

= K/frrm

• All these results lead to the conclusion that the specificity of protein interactions are based on the resonant electromagnetic energy transfer on a

frequency specific for each observed interaction

Slide 19

Correlation between predicted and measured frequencies of chymotrypsin

activation

Chymotrypsins RRM characteristic frequency is: 0.2363+0.004using the relation:

= K/frrm

expected characteristic radiation frequency is: 851+15 nmMeasured Chymotrypsin activation frequency (Biscar 1976) is in a range of 850-860 nm

Slide 20

Correlation between predicted and measured frequencies of LDH activation

1f

LDH catalyses the reaction of pyruvate reduction

RRM characteristic frequencies for LDH-A and LDH-B are:

f1 =0.1688+0.004 f2=0.2392+0.004

using the relation: = K/frrm

expected characteristic radiation frequencies are:

1191 + 15 nm and 846+15 nm

Measured Chymotrypsin activation frequency is in a range of 804-850 nm

f1

f1f1

f2

Slide 21

Figure 5. Rate of change of NADH optical density

From Fig. 5 change in the velocity of reaction (LDH-activity) of NADH reduction in the presence of the irradiated LDH can be observed.

The maximum activity of -0.00175 is identified at 830 nm

-0.00180

-0.00175

-0.00170

-0.00165

-0.00160

-0.00155

-0.00150

-0.00145

550 600 650 675 700 725 750 800 825 850

light wavelength (nm)

gra

die

nt

Experimental results

Slide 22

Resonance in acupuncture

• It has been found that specific points in the skin have much lower electrical resistance.

• These points coincide with acupuncture point opening a possibility to explain acupuncture effects by electrical conductivity.

• Acupuncture points are joined through pathways through the tissue - meridians. These pathways cannot be identified physiologically but they have specific electrical properties.

• We have shown earlier that these meridians have a specific resonant frequency particularly in the range of 4 – 8 Hz and that these resonances are in the same range as Schuman (Earth) resonances.

Slide 23

Unique Electrical Properties of Acupuncture Points.

• Low electric resistance, explored either by DC or AC current (20 to 250 kilo-ohms).

• High electric capacity values (0.1-1 micro-farad).• High electric potential (up to 350mV).• Low threshold of painful sensitivity.• High local temperature.• Increased “cutaneous respiration” (great uptake

of CO2 at the level of the points).

Slide 24

Resonant properties of acupuncture meridians

• One of our earlier studies was to determine the transfer characteristics characterizing the acupuncture meridians.

• It also aims to see if a correlation between the electrical properties and frequency response does exist and then to calculate electrical stimulation frequencies where maximum energy transfer occurs.

• The experiment is done by stimulating the chosen acupuncture points belonging to the meridian point LI4.

Slide 25

Experimental Procedure

• Bi-phasic Pulse trains were used as the input signal to Large Intestine 4 (LI4) on the right hand via an acu-needle.

• Simultaneously the output signal was measured at Large intestine 10 (LI10) via an acu-needle. i.e point along the same meridian.

• Input signal and output signal were then converted to the frequency domain and analyzed as a transfer function. i.e Signal out / Signal In.

Slide 26

• Point are chosen for convenience.

• Acupuncture points are located physically via traditional charts and electrically via a multimeter.

Slide 27

Experiment Results

Typical transfer function:.

Slide 28

Experiment findings• Results show that this meridian has an ultra low

Frequency response: Frequencies up to 20Hz penetrate the meridian “easier” than higher frequencies.

• The Low frequency response correlates with the electrical properties of the meridians and points. i.e resistance and capacitance.

• Furthermore, this response compares with natural biological signals such as EEG signals.

Slide 29

• In addition, this low frequency response can be associated with the low frequency manipulation of the acupuncture needle during traditional acupuncture treatment. i.e the promotion of the flow of “chi”

• Strong peaks at approximately 4, 8,12 etc correlate well with natural resonant frequencies due to lightning-induced electromagnetic wave propagation between the earth and ionosphere . Schumann Resonance.

Slide 30

The comparison between transfer/resonant characteristics

• Acupuncture Li meridian transfer function measurements (Cosic et al. [13]) indicated three peak frequencies: 6.72, 8.9 and 11.5Hz,

• Results from a transfer function of the two acupuncture meridian points (Li4 and Li11) of 12 subjects Cohen et al. [14] indicated peaks at: 5, 9, 13 and 15Hz, (only 15Hz is within the Schumann region).

• Lazoura et al. [15] results indicated that acupuncture meridians act as filters with high pass peaks at 4, 7.8 and 13 Hz

• Cvetkovic et al. [16] EEG study showed that the highest relative difference was observed at the Alpha band and 10Hz stimulation.

• König studies [42] revealed that human reaction times were significantly correlated with intensity of ELF frequencies, primarily 3Hz

Slide 31

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Frequency (Hz)

Inte

nsity

(dB

) / R

ela

tive D

iffere

nce (

%)

Comparison Between Acupuncture Meridian (Skin Impedance) and Brain Activity (EEG) Measurements

Acupuncture meridian intensity (Cosic 1984)Acupuncture meridian intensity (Cohen 1998)Acupuncture meridian intensity (Lazoura 2004)EEG rel.diff - EMF exp. baseline (Cvetkovic 2005)EEG rel.diff - EMF exp. postEEG rel.diff - EMF cont. baselineEEG rel.diff - EMF cont. post

4Hz 5.8Hz 7.8Hz7.2-8.8Hz

14.1Hz13.2-15.8Hz

Schumann Resonances

Slide 32

Conclusion• The fundamental Schumann resonance

frequency has been claimed to be extremely beneficial to existence of the biological cycle phenomenon of plants, animals and humans living.

• The results from our acupuncture meridians and EEG activity studies, have shown that frequencies between 8.8 and 13.2Hz which are outside the Schumann resonance region, confirm that the human body absorbs, detects and responds to ELF environmental EMF signals.

Slide 33

Effects of ELF magnetic field radiation on human brain-wave activity

• Investigation has been conducted to study the effects of ELF magnetic field radiation on human brain-wave activity.

• Humans and animals are particularly sensitive to extremely low frequency (ELF) sensory stimulation and/or to ELF modulation.

• The results from our pilot study encouraged to conducted further experiments with multiple ELF’s.

• Cvetkovic et al. study investigated whether multiple sinusoidal extremely low frequency (ELF) (50, 16.66, 13, 10, 8.33 and 4Hz) linearly polarised magnetic flux density of 200.57T (rms) applied to the human head over a non-continuous period of 12 minute, could cause alterations in the EEG rhythms on 33 human volunteers.

Slide 34

Objectives

• The general objective of this research project was to scientifically examine the possible causes of human Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity transition from higher to lower frequency by progressively lowering the applied frequency stimuli from 50Hz to 4Hz.

• The specific objectives consisted of:

1.a design and development of two systems to be used for localised and uniform magnetic field exposures.

2.an implemented experimental protocol and statistical methodology.

Slide 35

Protocol

• Double-blinding counter-balanced precautions were exercised throughout our study on 33 subjects.

• The 16 EEG channels were recorded prior to any stimulation for 1-minute epoch (baseline EEG recording) and was repeated after for 6 different ELF-sessions (50, 16.66, 13, 10, 8.33 and 4Hz).

• The duration of each ELF-sessions was 2 minutes for each MF frequency (×6), followed by six 1-minute post-stimulation EEG recordings (19 minutes in total).

Slide 36

Design and Development of Localised and Uniform Magnetic Field Exposure Systems

Slide 37

Experiment ConclusionExperiment Conclusion

• 33 human volunteers under double-blind counter-balanced conditions. • The results indicated that after the 1st EMF exposure sessions there was a

shift from a significant increase in Beta1 band at frontal region to a significant decrease in Alpha2 band at the back region (parietal and occipital) and significant increase in Theta band at F8 and P3 at 2nd EMF Control condition.

• The results signify a possibility that the EEG activity could remain altered for at least 50 minutes after the exposure (30 minutes break between the exposure and control conditions with additional 20 minutes for EMF control EEG recordings and stimulations).

• Also, there was a significant decrease at Alpha1 band (frontal region) after the 2nd EMF Exposure condition, compared to non-significant changes at the 1st EMF Control sessions.

Slide 38

RMIT Team

• Prof Irena Cosic• Dr Elena Pirogova• Dr John Fang• Dr Dean Cvetkovic• Dr Peter Ciblis• Dr Harry Lazoura• Mr Vuk Vojisavljevic• Mr Nick Parentos• Mr Howard D’Costa