biomolecules- carbohydrates the molecules of cells
DESCRIPTION
Organic chemistry Chemistry of Carbon CHNOPS ◦ Carbon ◦ Hydrogen ◦ Nitrogen ◦ Oxygen ◦ Phosphorus ◦ SulfurTRANSCRIPT
Biomolecules-CARBOHYDRATES
The Molecules of Cells
Organization of Life
Molecular/atoms lowest level of organization
Entire organism
System Organs Tissue Cells Organelle Molecules Atoms
Organic chemistry Chemistry of
CarbonCHNOPS
◦ Carbon◦ Hydrogen◦ Nitrogen◦ Oxygen◦ Phosphorus◦ Sulfur
Elements of Life
CARBON --The main eventForms a bond with 4 other atoms in which electrons are shared forming a covalent compound
C
All are polymersAll are organic (C) compounds
CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic AcidsDiffer in terms of composition and function
Four Main Types of Biomolecules
Figure 3.0-2
Chapter 3: Big Ideas
Introduction to OrganicCompounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Monomers• Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
• MONOSACCHARIDES (mono = one; saccharide = sugar):o Glucose (C6H12O6) – found in plants and bloodo Fructose - found in fruit
• DISACCHARIDES (di = two monosaccharides):o Lactose – sugar found in milk (glucose + galactose)
• POLYSACCHARIDES (poly = 3 or more monosaccharides)
Structure• Carbohydrates ( many sugar
molecules) – –ALL sugars end in -ose–Main source of energy (short term)–Gives structure–Made up of C, H, O–Ratio 1:2:1
Learning Check:
•What is the monomer for carb?•Monosaccharides•What process builds carbs?• Dehydration Synthesis
Learning Check
• 2 saccharides joined together are called?• Disaccharide• 3 or more saccarides joined are
called?• polysaccharides
Learning Check
• Sugars end in what 3 letters?• -ose• What purpose do carbs serve?• Main short term energy source• What CHNOPS make up carbs? In
what ratio?• C, H, O, 1:2:1
CarbohydratesWhat do they have in common?
• -OH Several OH (alcohol) groupsThis group LOVES water, HydrophilicPolar and water soluble
• C=O C with a double bond to an oxygen Aldehyde or ketone
Joins w/an –OH to form a cyclic structureThe resulting C (C-1) has OH/HPosition of OH determines further bonding
Carbohydrates-Common Features
All have C, H, O
Forms of Carbohydrates
FunctionExamples Functions
Glucose, Ribose, Deoxyribose Quick energyGlycogen – stored in muscles and liver (it’s like an energy bar for animals)Glucose-made by photosynthesis/plantsStarch – stored in plants (potatoe)
Energy storage
Chitin – Exoskeleton of insectsCellulose – cell wall of plants
Structural
Production• Glucose is produced in the chloroplasts
of plants through photosynthesis
• Glucose is broken down in the mitochondria of living organisms through cellular respiration to make ATP (energy)
Learning Check• Where is glucose made?• Chloroplasts of plants• What process makes glucose?• Photosynthesis• What organelle breaks it down?• Mitochondria• What process breaks it down?• Cellular respiration
What do we eat to obtain sugars and carbs?
•Pasta, bread, rice, potatoes•Any plant!
Where do we obtain carbs?
•When sugars join together forming carbs water is lost
•When carbs are separated, water is added
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
HYDROLYSIS
Recap• Structure–Made up of C, H, O–Ratio 1:2:1–End in –ose–Main source of energy (short term)
• Monomer–Monosaccharide
Recap*Production–In the chloroplast of plants through
photosynthesis–Broken down in the mitochondria of all
living organisms through cellular respiration–We obtain them from eating PLANTS,
main sources:Bread, pasta, potatoes, and rice.
Learning Check
• What do we eat to obtain Carbs?• Pasta, bread, rice, potatoes, PLANTS!• Process to form carbs?• Dehydration Synthesis• Process to break carbs down?• Hydrolysis