Biometric Technology-- Finger Print Business Opportunity

Team Members:YANG QIAN A0147178WLIM KIM CHYE A0147179UQUEK YONG GUAN A0147276XSONG ZHIWEI A0026195E For information on other technologies see

http://www.slideshare.net/Funk98/presentations

2

Technology Overview

Applications

PerformanceHardware/Software

Cost Analysis Entrepreneur

Opportunity

Recommendation SystemFinger Print Technology

3

• A biometric identification system provides an automated method

of recognizing an individual based on their unique physiological

characteristics

Metrics related to human characteristics

These metrics are Distinctive and Measurable (label

and describe individuals)

What is Biometric?

4

Why Biometric?

• Traditional, security is by what we:

–Know (PIN, Password)

–Have (Key, smart card)

• Both of these security measures can be hacked, stolen, forgotten, duplicated and have too many.

• Modern, security is by we:

–Are (Body)

• It is not easy to create a copy because its unique and high accuracy.

5

Type of Biometric?

1. Finger print

2. Palm veins

3. DNA

4. Iris recognition

5. Facial recognition

6. Voice recognition

7. Signature recognition

8. Palm print

9. Hand geometry

10.Retina scan

11.Ordure/Scent

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometrics

6

Comparison Between Biometric

Biometric Technology Accuracy Cost Device Required Social

Acceptability

DNA High High Test Equipment Low

Iris recognition High High Camera Medium -Low

Retina scan High High Camera Low

Facial recognition Medium -

Low

Medium Camera High

Voice recognition Medium Medium Microphone,

telephone

High

Hand geometry Medium -

Low

Low Scanner High

Finger print High Medium Scanner Medium

Signature recognition Low Medium Optic pen,

touch panel

High

http://kaitleencrowe.com/2015/01/22/biometric/

• Compared with other Bio Technologies, Finger Print is the best choice

Uniqueness Finger Skin Pattern

PANKANTI, S., PRABHAKAR, S., AND JAIN, A. K. On the individuality of fingerprints. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24 (August 2002), 1010–

1025. Available from: http://portal.acm.org/citation. cfm?id=605089.605091. 204, 212

• Human finger skin consists of friction ridges with pores.

• These ridges are formed in the ninth week of a fetal

development life, and remains the same all life long.

• A severely injured skin may be reconstructed to the same

as before.

• Identical twins have different fingerprints and no two

people have the same fingerprint.

• Every individual’s fingerprint is highly unique and suitable

for use as a form of authentication.

8

Fingerprint Security

• Deny Intruders

– Higher Accuracy computation

• 97% will return correct results

• Prevent Re-construction of fingerprint data

– Image protection

• Minutiae is retrieved and template created

– Encrypted data

– Image destruction

• Cannot reconstruct the fingerprint from data

• Fake Fingerprints Detection

– Ignore Latent Print Residue

• Cannot steal from previous user

– Detect fake/amputated finger

• Sensors detect presences of

– Temperature, Pulse, Heartbeat sensors, Blood flow

9

Technology Overview

Applications

PerformanceHardware/Software

Cost Analysis Entrepreneur

Opportunity

Recommendation SystemFinger Print Technology

How Fingerprint are acquired?

Source: http://360biometrics.com/faq/fingerprint_scanners.php

Optical Sensor

Ultrasonic with RF Sensor

Optical Sensor

module

Capacitive Sensor

Thermal Sensor

Optical Fingerprint Sensors

Problem:

1. Scratched or dirty touch

surface can cause bad image

2. Easily fooled by fake finger

3. Bulky design, only suitable for

larger static installation

Function:

1. Reflected image of fingerprint captured by

camera from the underside of a prism.

2. Image is stored for comparison with

database.

Capacitive Fingerprint Sensing

http://appleinsider.com/articles/13/08/07/apple-inc-gets-its-

fingerprints-on-advanced-touch-sensor-appears-difficult-for-android-

to-copy

Ridge

Valley

Ultrasonic Fingerprint Imaging

http://www.sonavation.com/ultrasound-biometric-sensor/

https://youtu.be/FtKKZyYbZtw (1:30)

14

Fingerprint Sensors Comparison

Optical Capacitive Ultrasound

Size Relatively big and

require camera

Can embed into

small devices

Can embed into

small devices

Method Image capture RF Field RF Field

Cost Middle Low High

Accuracy May be affected

by dirt or water

May be affected

by dirt or water

Will not be

affected by dirt or

water

Working Current 120 mA 200 mA 6 µA

Source: http://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/comparison-fingerprint-scanners-27754.html

http://artofcircuits.com/product/optical-fingerprint-sensor-module-fpm10a

http://www.techshinobiometrics.com/products/fingerprint-identification-products/fingerprint-oem-modules/

http://www.sonavation.com/ultrasound-biometric-sensor

Examples of Commercial Fingerprint Scanners

http://perso.telecom-paristech.fr/~chollet/Biblio/Cours/Biomet/fribourg/maltoni_1.pdf

*The standard fingerprint image

resolution in law enforcement

applications is 500 pixels per inch

(ppi) Ppi = Dpi

16

3 Levels of Fingerprint classification

1. Loops ,Arches , or Whorls

2. Individual characteristic (Minutiae)

http://shs2.westport.k12.ct.us/forensics/04-fingerprints/fingerprints_handout.htm

17

3 Levels of Fingerprint classification

3. Pores and Ridges

1 Pores and Ridges: Fingerprint Matching Using Level 3 Features

by Jain, A; Yi Chen; Demirkus, M

2 Pores and Ridges: High-Resolution Fingerprint Matching Using Level 3 Features

by Jain, A.K; Yi Chen; Demirkus, M

18

Basic Idea

• After these classification, a key is generated by the software algorithm.

• After finger print reader read your fingerprint, software will compare with database.

http://gizmodo.com/apple-finally-explains-touch-id-security-in-detail-1532298901

Scan and Classify Generate a unique

user Key

Unlock access

19

Cryptography

• There is two keys:

Public key

Private key (Fingerprint key)

• The basic idea is:

Sender encrypts data with his receiver’s public key and send out.

Receiver will use his/her private key to decrypt the data. No one can decrypt without receiver’s private key!

http://gizmodo.com/apple-finally-explains-touch-id-security-in-detail-1532298901

Mathematically Linked

20

Software Algorithm

• Software Classification

• http://shs2.westport.k12.ct.us/forensics/04-fingerprints/fingerprints_handout.htm

• http://www.bioelectronix.com/what_is_biometrics.html

Fingerprint Matching Software

• The most commonly used are:

1. Minutiae matching (commonly used)

2. Pattern matching

http://www.biometric-solutions.com/solutions/index.php?story=fingerprint_recognition

http://biometrics.mainguet.org/types/fingerprint/fingerprint_algo.htm

Advance Minutiae Based Algorithm (AMBA)

• Two processes

1. Feature Extractor

2. Matcher

http://www.supremasolution.com/

AMBA – Feature Extractor

• Feature Extractor

– Capture Image

– Enhance Ridge (Normalization, Local orientation estimation, Local frequency estimation, Region mask estimation and filtering)

– Extract Minutiae (Classification)

http://http://www.supremasolution.com/

http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/users/biometrics/pages/finger.htm

AMBA - Matcher

• Matcher

– Used to match fingerprint

– Trade-off between speed and performance

– Group minutiae and categorize by 12 types

• Large number of certain type can result in faster searches

http://www.supremasolution.com/

Example: Apple ID touch

• Secure Enclave - using its microprocessor (A7) to create protection to user’s data

• When device is locked:

– Data protection keys are wrapped (encapsulated)

– Data are not accessible

• When device is unlocked by the fingerprint sensor:

– Data protection key are unwrapped (decapsulated)

– Iphone is unlocked and data is accessible

http://gizmodo.com/apple-finally-explains-touch-id-

security-in-detail-1532298901

How Fingerprint Biometric is used

• Enrollment– Storing of fingerprint in database

• Verification– Known Identification of person

– Compare the person’s fingerprint in database

– One to one comparison

• Identification

– Unknown Identification of person

– Search through database for a match

– One to many comparison

Source: An Introduction to Biometric Recognition, Anil K. Jain, Fellow, IEEE, Arun Ross, Member, IEEE, and Salil Prabhakar, Member, IEEE, January 2004

27

Technology Overview

Applications

PerformanceSoftware

Cost Analysis Entrepreneur

Opportunity

Recommendation SystemFinger Print Technology

Optical Resolution vs Accuracy

http://biolab.korea.ac.kr/pubs/JainFpMatching_IEEEComp10.pdf

Jain, Feng, Nandakumar, Anil K. Kain, Jianjiang Fengm Karthik Nandakumar, 2010. Fingerprint Matching. Computer, 0018-9162, 36-44.

[a] http://itlaw.wikia.com/wiki/False_non-match_rate

[b] http://itlaw.wikia.com/wiki/False_match_rate

False Non-Match Rate (FNMR) is the failure of a biometric system to identify a biometric

subject or to verify the legitimate claimed identity of a biometric subject.

False Match Rate (FMR) is the proportion of the completed biometric non-match

comparison trials that result in a false match. [b]

False Positive Identification Rate (FPIR) occurs when the system finds a hit for a query

fingerprint that is not enrolled in the system.

False Negative Identification Rate (FNIR) occurs when it finds no hit or a wrong hit for

a query fingerprint enrolled in the system.

Image quality vs EER (4 software algorithm)Image quality is important, better image, lower EER

Source: Incorporating Image Quality in Multi-algorithm Fingerprint Verification by Julian Fierrez-Aguilar, Yi Chen, Javier Ortega-Garcia, and Anil K.

Jain.

ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Avda. Francisco Tomas y Valiente, 11 Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid,

Spain {julian.fierrez, avier.ortega}@uam.es. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823,

USA

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ett

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Low Q Image Vs High Q Image (FRR & FAR)

Source: Incorporating Image Quality in Multi-algorithm Fingerprint Verification by Julian Fierrez-Aguilar, Yi Chen, Javier Ortega-Garcia, and Anil K.

Jain.

ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Avda. Francisco Tomas y Valiente, 11 Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid,

Spain {julian.fierrez, avier.ortega}@uam.es. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823,

USA

Ideal Ideal

Sensor Duration vs FAR&FRR

http://www.neurotechnology.com/fingerprint-scanner-biometrika-fx-2000.html

Fingerprint Sensing Techniques, Devices and Applications Rahul Singh kingtiny@cs.cmu.edu 30th April 2003

Test data

1. Database of 100 users

(non-experts)

2. Low quality fingerprints

Efficiency

TASK SPEED_DEFAULT SPEED_FAST

Feature extraction 350 ms 260 ms

Matching 120 ms 47 ms

Identity verification 470 ms 307 ms

Accuracy:

Time taken SPEED_DEFAULT SPEED_FAST

FAR FRR FAR FRR

0.3500 0.0049 (0.49%) 0.0005 (0.05%) 0.0032 (0.32%) 0.0009 (0.09%)

0.3750 0.0025 (0.25%) 0.0010 (0.10%) 0.0014 (0.14%) 0.0014 (0.14%)

0.4000 0.0011 (0.11%) 0.0014 (0.14%) 0.0005 (0.05%) 0.0020 (0.20%)

0.4250 0.0006 (0.06%) 0.0019 (0.19%) 0.0002 (0.02%) 0.0034 (0.34%)

0.4500 0.0004 (0.04%) 0.0026 (0.26%) 0.0000 (0.00%) 0.0049 (0.49%)

0.4750 0.0000 (0.00%) 0.0036 (0.36%) 0.0000 (0.00%) 0.0063 (0.63%)

FX2000 Optical Sensor Specification:

Resolution: 569 ppi,

Image Size: 296 x 570 pixels

Device size: 122 x 73 x 61mm

False Acceptance rate (FAR) is the

probability that the system incorrectly

authorizes a non-authorized person,

due to incorrectly matching.

False Rejection Rate (FRR) is the

probability that the system incorrectly

rejects access to an authorized person,

due to failing to match

32

Microprocessor Improvements

• Size reduced, Speed increasing, Power consumption

http://www.futuretimeline.net/subject/computers-internet.htm

+http://www.singularity.com/charts/page61.html

http://www.androidauthority.com/smartphone-hardware-2015-405022/

Technology Enabler for Finger-print Authentication in Mobile phone

• High-resolution sensors

– Capture higher resolution fingerprint data

• Micro-Processors

– Higher Processor Speed

• Storage Capacity

– Higher storage in mobile devices

• Smaller Form Factor

– Can be installed in mobile devices

GAFUROV, D., BOURS, P., YANG, B., AND BUSCH, C. Guc100 multi-scanner fingerprint database for inhouse (semi-public) performance and

interoperability evaluation. Computational Science and its Applications, International Conference (2010), 303–306. 203, 212

34

Technology Overview

Applications

HardwareSoftware

Cost AnalysisEntrepreneur

Opportunity

Recommendation SystemFinger Print Technology

35

Camera Based finger print sensor cost analysis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_ID

http://www.imore.com/how-touch-id-works

http://biometrics.mainguet.org/types/fingerprint/fingerprint_sensors_manufacture.htm

Component Cost:

1. Finger Print sensor 53%

2. Cover glass 10%

3. Processing assembly 18%

4. Metal Rim 12%

5. F-PCB Component 7%

Key components:

1. laser-cut sapphire crystal

2. stainless steel detection ring

3. Touch ID CMOS sensor

4. Tactile Switch

36http://biometrics.mainguet.org/types/fingerprint/fingerprint_sensors_manufacture.htm

Key component-- Finger Print Sensor Volume vs ASP

• Finger print sensor price drop rapidly with high demanding growth in future

37https://www.tractica.com/newsroom/press-releases/fingerprint-readers-in-mobile-devices-to-surpass-1-billion-unit-shipments-annually-by-2021/

Finger Print Sensor Market Demand

• High demanding forecast for fingerprint sensor, especially in Asian market.

Which can reduce fingerprint sensor manufacturing cost

38

Key component-- Display Cover glass demand

http://www.ledinside.com/intelligence/2014/6/wearable_devices_to_spur_sapphire_market_demands_in_2015_analyzes_ledinside

http://electroiq.com/blog/2015/07/smartphone-and-tablets-still-drive-demand-for-cover-glass-as-industry-looks-to-smart-watches-for-growth/

The major market demand

growth is from smart phone

cover glass

Display Cover glass demand

keep increasing in past 3

years and market demand is

keep increasing until 2019

39

Key component-- Sapphire Cost Forecast

http://www.i-micronews.com/component/hikashop/product/sapphire-applications-market-2015-from-led-to-consumer-electronic.html

• Sapphire is a major material for display cover, especially for hand phone camera cover and finger print

sensor cover. The overall price from different manufacturing process is keep going down.

Biometric Market Trends – Fingerprint Scanners

40Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-08-22/apple-iphone-rumor-boosts-biometrics-companies

Patents - Fingerprint Sensing

41

Fingerprint Sensors Patent Landscape

New strong IP enthusiasm and new players such as Apple are leaving their imprint on the market

Publication Jan. 2015

42

Technology Overview

Applications

HardwareSoftware

Cost Analysis Entrepreneur

Opportunity

Recommendation SystemFinger Print Technology

Consumer Acceptance to Fingerprint Authentication

• A Survey was conducted in 2010 on 278 Students on their acceptance level to use fingerprint for authentication

– 58% of respondents had used fingerprint for authentication (Notebook, facility access, etc.).

– Feedback on the likely services that they would use fingerprint authentication

Biometrictechnologyinretailing:Willconsumersaccept fingerprintauthentication? Richard Clodfelter Department

ofRetailing,TheCollegeofHospitality,Retail,&SportManagement,UniversityofSouthCarolina,SC29208Columbia,UnitedStates

44

Summary of Fingerprint Applications

-- Changing Lifestyle

• People are willing to use fingerprint technology instead of traditional way in

daily life, this is because fingerprint technology is reliable and convenient.

• Lifestyle is changing with fingerprint technology widespread used and hand

phone is a major base of this technology.

Without fingerprint With fingerprint

Mobile Phone based Applications-- Unlock hand phone

• Since security concern, Apple and some other companies change hand phone

password from 4 number to 6 number which means users need longer time to unlock

their hand phone.

• Unlock your phone with fingerprint to save time. Hand Phone can be unlock while you

press home bottom

• Hand phone integrate reliable technology -- fingerprint function is a key to open the door

of new lifestyle.

Mobile Phone based Applications-- Fingerprint technology in Banking

Bank Branch Bank Mobile APP

• People save time and easily to manage their bank account

by hand phone

• Banks can reduce No. of branches which means lower cost

for banks.

47https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/biometrics-banking-

hussain-

Mobile Phone based Applications-- Fingerprint Technology in Banking

• Compared with other Biometrics

technologies, fingerprint

technology widely used in

banking

• Asian and US are largest market

in fingerprint banking.

48

Mobile Phone based Applications-- Mobile Bill Payment

AXS machine AXS online

• Without fingerprint, people don’t want to pay bill by mobile

phone, although some App have function of bill payment,

people are not willing to save credit card info in those App.

They have big concern on safety!

• With Fingerprint, people can pay bill by Mobile phone without

safety concern.

49

Mobile Phone based Applications-- Mobile Manage Stock

Buy/Sell at Stock market Buy/Sell on Handphone

• More easier to manage your Stock

account by hand phone. Fingerprint

replace password, Safer than password

based online Stock.

Mobile Phone based Applications-- Online Shopping

Traditional shopping Online shopping

• Same concern on online shopping, people are not willing to purchase

stuff from online store.

• Fingerprint can solve this issue

51

Applications on Automotive

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PWbpZSBIGA

Car locker Car engine start

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVXPpFpPWyU

• Use fingerprint to unlock Car or start engine are safer than current

practice, without car owner’s fingerprint, door unable to unlock and engine

unable to start.

52

Applications on Security-- Locker, Which one your want?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b

mkrLvTJj1M

Door locker with Finger print sensorTraditional door locker

People willing to change traditional locker to

fingerprint one, there are some benefits:

1. No need bring key

2. More safer than traditional locker

53

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVfddmIj_zU

USB storage with Finger print locker

Applications on Security-- Data storage, Which one your want?

• Data storage with fingerprint function is

more safer for critical data storage.

Especially for individual privacy high

confidential information

54

Applications on sports and exercise-- Simulators

HealthcareSport simulator

Detect grip pattern:

1. Sportsman

2. Patients

55

Technology Overview

Applications

HardwareSoftware

Cost Analysis Entrepreneur

Opportunity

Recommendation SystemFinger Print Technology

56

Entrepreneur Opportunity

Payment$$$

Public Transport Convenient Stores

Vending

Machines

Computers

57

Entrepreneur Opportunity

Gyms

Defence

Banks

Airports

Data storage

Homes/ offices

Automobiles

58

Entrepreneur OpportunitySports

Newborn babies

Healthcare group

59

Recommendation

• Protect information

• Passwords not reliable - easy to forget

• Fingerprints used for centuries

• Fingerprints are unique - can verify

• Accurate

• Many applications were developed

• Lot of business opportunities

Thank you

References

• http://info-tech.com.sg/fingerprint-readers.htm?gclid=CJ230sCexMsCFdGKaAod7HMKzQ

• http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/168946

• http://airccj.org/CSCP/vol3/csit3504.pdf