1. Biometrics refers to the automatic identification of a person based on his/her physiological or behavioral characteristics . DEFINITIONOF BIOMETRICS

2. Biometrics History The term "biometrics" is derived from the Greek words bio which means life and metric means to measure. The first known example of biometrics in practice was a form of finger printing being used in China in the 14th century. In the 1890s, 'Bertillonage', created a method of bodily measurement with the criminals who repeated the crimes with different names and looks. After this, finger printing, which was developed by Richard Edward Henry of Scotland Yard.

3. Biometric importance The security is needed in every place. Alleviate the existing problems, Like those which can be taken, stolen, borrowed or even forgotten. Improves convenience, security, and privacy. The first and most critical link in the security chain. presented to counteract security threats.

4. Physical biometrics Fingerprint Facial recognition/face location Hand geometry Iris scan Retina scan

5. Fingerprint recognition A live acquisition of a persons fingerprint. Dots (very small ridges), Space between two temporarily divergent ridges), Spurs (a notch protruding from a ridge), Bridges (small ridges joining two longer adjacent ridges), crossovers (two ridges that cross each other).

6. Facial Recognition 1. Capture image 2. Find face in image 3. Extract features (store template) 4. Compare templates 5. Declare matches

7. Hand or finger geometry is an automated measurement of many dimensions of the hand and fingers. Hand Geometry

8. Iris recognition Iris scanning measures the iris pattern in the colored part of the eye.

9. Retina recognition Images back of the eye and compares blood vessels with existing data

10. Behavioral biometrics Speaker/voicerecognition Signature/handwriting Keystroke/patterning

11. Speaker / Voice Recognition Voice or speaker recognition uses vocal characteristics to identify individuals using a pass-phrase. A telephone or microphone can serve as a sensor.

12. Signature Verification An automated method of measuring an individuals signature. This technology examines speed , direction and pressure of writing. The time that the stylus is in and out of contact with the paper.

13. Keystroke dynamics is an automated method of examining an individuals keystrokes on a keyboard. This technology examines such dynamics as speed and pressure, the total time taken to type particular words, and the time elapsed between hitting certain keys. Keystroke dynamics

14. Biometrics Process No Yes Biometric Data Collection Transmission Quality Sufficient? Yes Template Match Signal Processing, Feature Extraction, Representation Database Generate Template Decision Confidence? new biometric sample is requested No

15. Advantagesof biometrics 1. Uniqueness 2. Universality 3. Permanence 4. Measurability 5. User friendliness 6. Accuracy 7. Comfort

16. Disadvantages of Biometrics 1. Costly 2. Facial imaging can also hinder accurate identifications.

17. 3. Missing body part problem. 4. The scanning of eye is fearful. 5. The nervousness that people feel about the scanners identification

18. FutureProspects Biometry is one of the most promising and life-altering technologies in existence today. It is all set to change the way we live in the future. Some of the emerging biometrics technologies in the near future are: 1)Ear shape identification. 2)Body odor identification. 3)Body salinity identification. 4)EEG Fingerprint 5)DNA matching