biomass prsentation

8/7/2019 Biomass Prsentation

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Ajeet Kumar Upadhyay

B.Tech 3 rd yearDepartment of Chemical Engg.IIT T College Of Engg. Pojewal


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BIOMASS

COMBUSTION DRY CHEMICAL PROCESS

Steam ElectricityPyrolysis Gassification Hydrogassification

Ethanol Methane

Methane,Methanol,Amonia,Electricity

OilsGaschar

Low mediumenergy gas

MethaneEthane char

ChemicalReaction

AQUEOUS PROCESS

Fermentation

Alcoholic Anaerobic

Bio Deisel


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The steam is being generated in high-pressureboilers, pressure and temperature ratings of 62kg/cm2 and 480 oC.

High pressure steam is being used forprocessing the plants such as rollers in sugarindustry, press machines in paper mills, mainlyused in dryer, distillation tower, and in heatexchanger etc.


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The biomass power potential in India as19,500MW. To obtain the maximum utilization of such high potential energy source,

conducting various researches such astechnologies, resource assessment andsystem modeling on biomass energy sector.

As the results, India now becomes one of theleading countries of biomass energyutilization. The commissioned biomasspower capacity reached 290 MW (52projects)


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CO

CCO 2

H2H2O

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%70%

80%

90%

100%

0.1 0.7 1.3 1.9 2.5 3.1

O2/MAF Coal Feed

M o

l e %

Gasification ZoneComplete

Combustion

O 2

H2SCH 4 SO 2


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Pyrolysis of biomass

Pyrolysis generates three different energyproducts in different quantities: coke, gasand oils.Flash pyrolysis gives high oil yields, butthe technical efforts needed to processenergy generating system requirespromising efforts to the present stage of development.Bio crude oil further can be used to get

organic chemicals.Products from pyrolysis are unstable and with time they changes their property.


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Th e gasificati n pr cess c nverts any carb n-c ntaining materia int a synt h esis gasc mp se primari y f carb n m n xi e anh y r gen ( O + H 2).

Syn gas can be use as a fue t generatee ectricity r steam r use as a basic c h emicabui ing b ck f r a arge number f uses in t h epetr c h emica an refining in ustries.

Gasificati n a s va ue t w- r negative-va uefee st cks by c nverting t h em t marketab efue s an pr ucts.


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Gasification with OxygenC + 1/2 O 2 CO

Combustion with OxygenC + O 2 CO 2

Gasification with Carbon DioxideC + CO 2 2CO

Gasification with SteamC + H 2O CO + H 2

Gasification with HydrogenC + 2H 2 CH 4

Water-Gas ShiftCO + H 2O H 2 + CO 2

MethanationCO + 3H 2 CH 4 + H 2O

Gasifier GasComposition

(Vol %)

H 2 25 - 30CO 30 - 60CO 2 5 - 15H 2O 2 - 30CH 4 0 - 5

H 2S 0.2 1N

20.5 - 4

Ar 0.2 - 1NH 3 + HCN 0 -0.3

Ash/Slag/PM


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D ue to t he incre as e in the pr ice of the pe tr oleu m a nd theenv ir onmen tal co ncern s a bout Poll ution. Bio die s e l isbe comi ng a deve loping a re a of high co ncern .

There a re d iff eren t wa ys of pr odu ctio n, w ith d iff eren tkind s of r a w mat er ials re fine, crude or f rying oils. Alsothere a re d iff eren t type s of catal yst , b asic o ne s s uch asso dium o r p otassi um hydr oxide s , aci ds s uch as s ulf ur icaci d, ion ex cha nge re sins , lipas e s a nd s uper cr itical fluids.

One of the a dv a nta ge s of t his f ue l is that t he r a wmat er ials us ed to pr odu ce it a re n at ur al a nd renew a ble .

All the s e type s of oils com e f r om vege ta ble s o r a nimalfat , maki ng it biodegr a da ble a nd n ontoxic.


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Alco holic F er men tatio nFeed stock

(Molass e s , ca neju ice, sta r ch, ce llulos e)

P rep a r atio n (Hydr olysis , cla r ificatio n, filtr atio n, Past eur isatio n)

F ermentati n Disti ati n De h y rati n

96 Et h an Abs ute Et h an


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FatsFats

FRA GMEN T AND DISS OLVED P OLYMER S FRA GMEN TS AND DISS OLVED P OLYMER S

HH22 COCO 22 Org a nic Aci ds Ac e tat e AlcoholOrg a nic Aci ds Ac e tat e Alcohol

Ana er obic F er en tatio n pr oc e ss fo r Me tha ne Ana er obic F er en tatio n pr oc e ss fo r Me tha ne


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